IP双栈技术

双栈技术产生

在IPv4 Internet向IPv6 Internet过渡的初期，IPv4网络已被大量部署，而IPv6网络只是散布在世界各地的一些孤岛。故而需要一些技术实现IPv6孤岛之间的互联以及IPv4节点和IPv6节点之间的互通。

双栈协议概念

双栈协议是指所有设备必须支持IPv4、IPv6协议栈，连接双栈网络的接口必须同时设置IPv4地址和IPv6地址。
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双栈协议是所有过渡技术的基础。
双协议栈指的是IPv6节点同时完整地实现IPv4和IPv6的协议栈，它可以同时和两种节点通信。双协议栈是所有过渡技术的基础，它实现了两种协议的转换，同时在IP层实现IPv6和IPv4两种协议，不影响上下层协议模块，根据上层应用自动决定使用那一种协议地址结构。
优点：互通性好，易于理解，实现简单。
缺点：对每个IPv4节点都要升级，成本较大，没有解决IPv4地址紧缺问题。

双栈技术配置

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1.IP地址与IPv6配置

在各设备及PC端配置IPv4地址和IPv6地址。

<Huawei>system-view 
[Huawei]sysname  AR1	
[AR1]ipv6 
[AR1]interface  GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipv6  enable 		
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipv6  address  2001:1:12::1 64 
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address  10.1.12.1 24
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[AR1]interface  GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ipv6  enable 
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ipv6  address  2000:1:10::1 64
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address  192.168.1.1 24 
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[AR1]<Huawei>system-view 
[Huawei]sysname  AR2	
[AR2]ipv6 
[AR2]interface  GigabitEthernet 0/0/0	
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipv6  enable 	
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipv6  address  2001:1:12::2 64
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address  10.1.12.2 24
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit	
[AR2]interface  GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ipv6  enable 
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ipv6  address  2001:1:23::2 64
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address  10.1.23.2 24
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit
[AR2]interface  GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ipv6  enable 
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ipv6  address  2001:1:23::2 64
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address  10.1.23.2 24 
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[AR2]<Huawei>system-view 
[Huawei]sysname  AR3
[AR3]IPv6
[AR3]interface  GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ipv6  enable 
[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ipv6  address  2001:1:23::3 64
[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address  10.1.23.3 24
[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]qui
[AR3]interface  GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ipv6  enable 
[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ipv6  address  2000:1:20::1 64
[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address  192.168.2.1 24
[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit
[AR3]

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2.配置动态路由协议

OSPFv2版本配置。

[AR1]ospf 1 router-id  1.1.1.1
[AR1-ospf-1]area  0
[AR1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network  10.1.12.0 0.0.0.255
[AR1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network  192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
[AR1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
[AR1-ospf-1][AR2]ospf 1 router-id  2.2.2.2
[AR2-ospf-1]area  0
[AR2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network  10.1.12.0 0.0.0.255
[AR2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network  10.1.23.0 0.0.0.255
[AR2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
[AR2-ospf-1][AR3]ospf 1 router-id  3.3.3.3
[AR3-ospf-1]area  0
[AR3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network  10.1.23.0 0.0.0.255
[AR3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 
[AR3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
[AR3-ospf-1]

OSPFv3路由配置。

[AR1]ospfv3  1
[AR1-ospfv3-1]router-id 11.1.1.1
[AR1-ospfv3-1]quit
[AR1]interface  GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospfv3  1 area  0
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[AR1]interface  GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospfv3  1 area  0
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[AR1][AR2]ospfv3  1 	
[AR2-ospfv3-1]router-id 22.2.2.2
[AR2-ospfv3-1]quit	
[AR2]interface  GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospfv3  1 area  0
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[AR2]interface  GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospfv3  1 area  0
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[AR2][AR3]ospfv3  1 	
[AR3-ospfv3-1]router-id  33.3.3.3
[AR3-ospfv3-1]quit
[AR3]interface  GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospfv3  1 area  0	
[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[AR3]interface  GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ospfv3  1 area  0
[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit
[AR3]

3.查看路由协议邻居关系

查看OSPFv2邻居关系。

[AR2]display  ospf peer  brief OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 2.2.2.2Peer Statistic Information----------------------------------------------------------------------------Area Id          Interface                        Neighbor id      State    0.0.0.0          GigabitEthernet0/0/0             1.1.1.1          Full        0.0.0.0          GigabitEthernet0/0/1             3.3.3.3          Full        ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[AR2]

查看OSPFv3邻居关系。

[AR2]display  ospfv3  peer 
OSPFv3 Process (1)
OSPFv3 Area (0.0.0.0)
Neighbor ID     Pri  State            Dead Time Interface            Instance ID
11.1.1.1          1  Full/DR          00:00:38  GE0/0/0                        0
33.3.3.3          1  Full/DR          00:00:40  GE0/0/1                        0[AR2]