Web后端开发（请求响应）上

请求响应的概述

浏览器（请求）<--------------------------(HTTP协议)---------------------->（响应）Web服务器

请求：获取请求数据

响应：设置响应数据

BS架构：浏览器/服务器架构模式。客户端只需要浏览器，应用程序的逻辑和数据都存储在服务端（维护方便、体验一般）

CS架构：客户端/服务器架构模式（开发、维护麻烦、体验不错）

请求

postman

postman是一款功能强大的页面调试与发送网页HTTP请求的Chrome插件

作用：常用于进行接口测试

下载安装：

登录之后在Workspace中开始创建

调试：

简单参数：

原始方式：在原始的web程序中，获取请求参数，需要通过HTTP Servlet Request对象手动获取。

package com.bignyi.resp.controller;import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;//设置请求参数接受
@RestController
public class RequestController {//    原始方式@RequestMapping("/simpleParam")public String simpleParam(HttpServletRequest request) {
//        获取请求参数String name = request.getParameter("name");String ageStr = request.getParameter("age");int age = Integer.parseInt(ageStr);System.out.println(name + ":" + age);return "OK";}
}

SpringBoot方式

简单参数：参数名与形参变量名相同，定义形参即可接收参数

package com.bignyi.controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class HelloController {@RequestMapping("/simpleParam")public String simpleParam(String name,Integer age){System.out.println(name+"："+age);return "OK";}
}

实体参数

简单实体对象：请求参数名与形参对象属性名相同，定义POJO接受即可

package com.bignyi.pojo;public class User {private String name;private int age;public int getAge() {return age;}public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public void setAge(int age) {this.age = age;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "User{" +"name='" + name + '\'' +", age=" + age +'}';}
}

package com.bignyi.controller;import com.bignyi.pojo.User;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
//请求处理类
@RestController
public class HelloController {/* @RequestMapping("/simpleParam")public String simpleParam(HttpServletRequest request){String name = request.getParameter("name");String ageStr = request.getParameter("age");int age = Integer.parseInt(ageStr);System.out.println(name+"："+age);return "OK";}*/@RequestMapping("/simpleParam")public String simpleParam(String name,Integer age){System.out.println(name+"："+age);return "OK";}@RequestMapping("/simplePojo")public String simplePojo(User user){System.out.println(user);return "OK";}
}

复制实体对象：请求参数名与形参对象属性名相同，按照对象层次结构关系即可接收嵌套POJO属性参数。

package com.bignyi.pojo;public class Address {private String province;private String city;public String getProvince() {return province;}public void setProvince(String province) {this.province = province;}public String getCity() {return city;}public void setCity(String city) {this.city = city;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "Address{" +"province='" + province + '\'' +", city='" + city + '\'' +'}';}
}

package com.bignyi.pojo;public class User {private String name;private int age;private Address address;public int getAge() {return age;}public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public void setAge(int age) {this.age = age;}public Address getAddress() {return address;}public void setAddress(Address address) {this.address = address;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "User{" +"name='" + name + '\'' +", age=" + age +", address=" + address +'}';}
}

package com.bignyi.controller;import com.bignyi.pojo.User;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
//请求处理类
@RestController
public class HelloController {/* @RequestMapping("/simpleParam")public String simpleParam(HttpServletRequest request){String name = request.getParameter("name");String ageStr = request.getParameter("age");int age = Integer.parseInt(ageStr);System.out.println(name+"："+age);return "OK";}*/@RequestMapping("/simpleParam")public String simpleParam(String name,Integer age){System.out.println(name+"："+age);return "OK";}@RequestMapping("/simplePojo")public String simplePojo(User user){System.out.println(user);return "OK";}@RequestMapping("/complexPojo")public String complexPojo(User user){System.out.println(user);return "OK";}
}