【STM32】HAL库的RCC复位状态判断及NVIC系统软件复位
在实际开发中 有时候会遇到复位状态不同 导致结果不同的情况
比如在上电复位时 电压不稳定 可能导致一些外部芯片无法正常工作 从而导致进行了错误的操作流程
所以 可以在程序运行后 加一个复位状态判断 用来检测是否正常复位 否则就重新软件复位一次
文章目录
- 复位状态
- 复位状态读取
- 代码和软件复位
- 附录:Cortex-M架构的SysTick系统定时器精准延时和MCU位带操作
- SysTick系统定时器精准延时
- 延时函数
- 阻塞延时
- 非阻塞延时
- 位带操作
- 位带代码
- 位带宏定义
- 总线函数
- 一、位带操作理论及实践
- 二、如何判断MCU的外设是否支持位带
复位状态
以STM32L496为例:
在2.6.2的SDK中:
头文件
stm32l4xx_hal_rcc.h
/* Flags in the CSR register */
#define RCC_FLAG_FWRST ((CSR_REG_INDEX << 5U) | RCC_CSR_FWRSTF_Pos) /*!< Firewall reset flag */
#define RCC_FLAG_OBLRST ((CSR_REG_INDEX << 5U) | RCC_CSR_OBLRSTF_Pos) /*!< Option Byte Loader reset flag */
#define RCC_FLAG_PINRST ((CSR_REG_INDEX << 5U) | RCC_CSR_PINRSTF_Pos) /*!< PIN reset flag */
#define RCC_FLAG_BORRST ((CSR_REG_INDEX << 5U) | RCC_CSR_BORRSTF_Pos) /*!< BOR reset flag */
#define RCC_FLAG_SFTRST ((CSR_REG_INDEX << 5U) | RCC_CSR_SFTRSTF_Pos) /*!< Software Reset flag */
#define RCC_FLAG_IWDGRST ((CSR_REG_INDEX << 5U) | RCC_CSR_IWDGRSTF_Pos) /*!< Independent Watchdog reset flag */
#define RCC_FLAG_WWDGRST ((CSR_REG_INDEX << 5U) | RCC_CSR_WWDGRSTF_Pos) /*!< Window watchdog reset flag */
#define RCC_FLAG_LPWRRST ((CSR_REG_INDEX << 5U) | RCC_CSR_LPWRRSTF_Pos) /*!< Low-Power reset flag */
分别表示:
防火墙复位
选项字节加载器复位
引脚复位(外部复位)
上电启动复位(冷启动、欠压复位)
软件复位
独立看门狗复位
窗扣看门狗复位
低功耗复位
复位状态读取
采用以下宏定义可以进行清空和读取:
/** @brief Set RMVF bit to clear the reset flags.* The reset flags are: RCC_FLAG_FWRRST, RCC_FLAG_OBLRST, RCC_FLAG_PINRST, RCC_FLAG_BORRST,* RCC_FLAG_SFTRST, RCC_FLAG_IWDGRST, RCC_FLAG_WWDGRST and RCC_FLAG_LPWRRST.* @retval None*/
#define __HAL_RCC_CLEAR_RESET_FLAGS() SET_BIT(RCC->CSR, RCC_CSR_RMVF)
/** @brief Check whether the selected RCC flag is set or not.* @param __FLAG__ specifies the flag to check.* This parameter can be one of the following values:* @arg @ref RCC_FLAG_MSIRDY MSI oscillator clock ready* @arg @ref RCC_FLAG_HSIRDY HSI oscillator clock ready* @arg @ref RCC_FLAG_HSERDY HSE oscillator clock ready* @arg @ref RCC_FLAG_PLLRDY Main PLL clock ready* @arg @ref RCC_FLAG_PLLSAI1RDY PLLSAI1 clock ready for devices with PLLSAI1* @arg @ref RCC_FLAG_PLLSAI2RDY PLLSAI2 clock ready for devices with PLLSAI2@if STM32L443xx* @arg @ref RCC_FLAG_HSI48RDY HSI48 clock ready for devices with HSI48@endif@if STM32L4A6xx* @arg @ref RCC_FLAG_HSI48RDY HSI48 clock ready for devices with HSI48@endif* @arg @ref RCC_FLAG_LSERDY LSE oscillator clock ready* @arg @ref RCC_FLAG_LSECSSD Clock security system failure on LSE oscillator detection* @arg @ref RCC_FLAG_LSIRDY LSI oscillator clock ready* @arg @ref RCC_FLAG_BORRST BOR reset* @arg @ref RCC_FLAG_OBLRST OBLRST reset* @arg @ref RCC_FLAG_PINRST Pin reset* @arg @ref RCC_FLAG_FWRST FIREWALL reset* @arg @ref RCC_FLAG_SFTRST Software reset* @arg @ref RCC_FLAG_IWDGRST Independent Watchdog reset* @arg @ref RCC_FLAG_WWDGRST Window Watchdog reset* @arg @ref RCC_FLAG_LPWRRST Low Power reset* @retval The new state of __FLAG__ (TRUE or FALSE).*/
#if defined(RCC_HSI48_SUPPORT)
#define __HAL_RCC_GET_FLAG(__FLAG__) (((((((__FLAG__) >> 5U) == 1U) ? RCC->CR : \((((__FLAG__) >> 5U) == 4U) ? RCC->CRRCR : \((((__FLAG__) >> 5U) == 2U) ? RCC->BDCR : \((((__FLAG__) >> 5U) == 3U) ? RCC->CSR : RCC->CIFR)))) & \(1U << ((__FLAG__) & RCC_FLAG_MASK))) != 0U) ? 1U : 0U)
#else
#define __HAL_RCC_GET_FLAG(__FLAG__) (((((((__FLAG__) >> 5U) == 1U) ? RCC->CR : \((((__FLAG__) >> 5U) == 2U) ? RCC->BDCR : \((((__FLAG__) >> 5U) == 3U) ? RCC->CSR : RCC->CIFR))) & \(1U << ((__FLAG__) & RCC_FLAG_MASK))) != 0U) ? 1U : 0U)
#endif /* RCC_HSI48_SUPPORT */
代码和软件复位
软件复位函数为HAL_NVIC_SystemReset();
在进行软件复位前 要使用函数__HAL_RCC_CLEAR_RESET_FLAGS();
清空复位标识位
以下为检测到上电复位时就进行软件复位
if (__HAL_RCC_GET_FLAG(RCC_FLAG_BORRST) != RESET)
{__HAL_RCC_CLEAR_RESET_FLAGS();printf("[INFO] 设备冷启动 0.5s后软件复位\n");delay_ms(500);HAL_NVIC_SystemReset();
}
附录:Cortex-M架构的SysTick系统定时器精准延时和MCU位带操作
SysTick系统定时器精准延时
延时函数
SysTick->LOAD中的值为计数值
计算方法为工作频率值/分频值
比如工作频率/1000 则周期为1ms
以ADuCM4050为例:
#include "ADuCM4050.h"void delay_ms(unsigned int ms)
{SysTick->LOAD = 26000000/1000-1; // Count from 255 to 0 (256 cycles) 载入计数值 定时器从这个值开始计数SysTick->VAL = 0; // Clear current value as well as count flag 清空计数值到达0后的标记SysTick->CTRL = 5; // Enable SysTick timer with processor clock 使能52MHz的系统定时器while(ms--){while ((SysTick->CTRL & 0x00010000)==0);// Wait until count flag is set 等待}SysTick->CTRL = 0; // Disable SysTick 关闭系统定时器
}
void delay_us(unsigned int us)
{SysTick->LOAD = 26000000/1000/1000-1; // Count from 255 to 0 (256 cycles) 载入计数值 定时器从这个值开始计数SysTick->VAL = 0; // Clear current value as well as count flag 清空计数值到达0后的标记SysTick->CTRL = 5; // Enable SysTick timer with processor clock 使能52MHz的系统定时器while(us--){while ((SysTick->CTRL & 0x00010000)==0);// Wait until count flag is set 等待}SysTick->CTRL = 0; // Disable SysTick 关闭系统定时器
}
其中的52000000表示芯片的系统定时器频率 32系列一般为外部定时器频率的两倍
Cortex-M架构SysTick系统定时器阻塞和非阻塞延时
阻塞延时
首先是最常用的阻塞延时
void delay_ms(unsigned int ms)
{SysTick->LOAD = 50000000/1000-1; // Count from 255 to 0 (256 cycles) 载入计数值 定时器从这个值开始计数SysTick->VAL = 0; // Clear current value as well as count flag 清空计数值到达0后的标记SysTick->CTRL = 5; // Enable SysTick timer with processor clock 使能26MHz的系统定时器while(ms--){while ((SysTick->CTRL & 0x00010000)==0);// Wait until count flag is set 等待}SysTick->CTRL = 0; // Disable SysTick 关闭系统定时器
}
void delay_us(unsigned int us)
{SysTick->LOAD = 50000000/1000/1000-1; // Count from 255 to 0 (256 cycles) 载入计数值 定时器从这个值开始计数SysTick->VAL = 0; // Clear current value as well as count flag 清空计数值到达0后的标记SysTick->CTRL = 5; // Enable SysTick timer with processor clock 使能26MHz的系统定时器while(us--){while ((SysTick->CTRL & 0x00010000)==0);// Wait until count flag is set 等待}SysTick->CTRL = 0; // Disable SysTick 关闭系统定时器
}
50000000表示工作频率
分频后即可得到不同的延时时间
以此类推
那么 不用两个嵌套while循环 也可以写成:
void delay_ms(unsigned int ms)
{SysTick->LOAD = 50000000/1000*ms-1; // Count from 255 to 0 (256 cycles) 载入计数值 定时器从这个值开始计数SysTick->VAL = 0; // Clear current value as well as count flag 清空计数值到达0后的标记SysTick->CTRL = 5; // Enable SysTick timer with processor clock 使能26MHz的系统定时器while ((SysTick->CTRL & 0x00010000)==0);// Wait until count flag is set 等待SysTick->CTRL = 0; // Disable SysTick 关闭系统定时器
}
void delay_us(unsigned int us)
{SysTick->LOAD = 50000000/1000/1000*us-1; // Count from 255 to 0 (256 cycles) 载入计数值 定时器从这个值开始计数SysTick->VAL = 0; // Clear current value as well as count flag 清空计数值到达0后的标记SysTick->CTRL = 5; // Enable SysTick timer with processor clock 使能26MHz的系统定时器while ((SysTick->CTRL & 0x00010000)==0);// Wait until count flag is set 等待SysTick->CTRL = 0; // Disable SysTick 关闭系统定时器
}
但是这种写法有个弊端
那就是输入ms后,最大定时不得超过计数值,也就是不能超过LOAD的最大值,否则溢出以后,则无法正常工作
而LOAD如果最大是32位 也就是4294967295
晶振为50M的话 50M的计数值为1s 4294967295计数值约为85s
固最大定时时间为85s
但用嵌套while的话 最大可以支持定时4294967295*85s
非阻塞延时
如果采用非阻塞的话 直接改写第二种方法就好了:
void delay_ms(unsigned int ms)
{SysTick->LOAD = 50000000/1000*ms-1; // Count from 255 to 0 (256 cycles) 载入计数值 定时器从这个值开始计数SysTick->VAL = 0; // Clear current value as well as count flag 清空计数值到达0后的标记SysTick->CTRL = 5; // Enable SysTick timer with processor clock 使能26MHz的系统定时器//while ((SysTick->CTRL & 0x00010000)==0);// Wait until count flag is set 等待//SysTick->CTRL = 0; // Disable SysTick 关闭系统定时器
}
void delay_us(unsigned int us)
{SysTick->LOAD = 50000000/1000/1000*us-1; // Count from 255 to 0 (256 cycles) 载入计数值 定时器从这个值开始计数SysTick->VAL = 0; // Clear current value as well as count flag 清空计数值到达0后的标记SysTick->CTRL = 5; // Enable SysTick timer with processor clock 使能26MHz的系统定时器//while ((SysTick->CTRL & 0x00010000)==0);// Wait until count flag is set 等待//SysTick->CTRL = 0; // Disable SysTick 关闭系统定时器
}
将等待和关闭定时器语句去掉
在使用时加上判断即可变为阻塞:
delay_ms(500);
while ((SysTick->CTRL & 0x00010000)==0);
SysTick->CTRL = 0;
在非阻塞状态下 可以提交定时器后 去做别的事情 然后再来等待
不过这样又有一个弊端 那就是定时器会自动重载 可能做别的事情以后 定时器跑过了 然后就要等85s才能停下
故可以通过内部定时器来进行非阻塞延时函数的编写
基本上每个mcu的内部定时器都可以配置自动重载等功能 网上资料很多 这里就不再阐述了
位带操作
位带代码
M3、M4架构的单片机 其输出口地址为端口地址+20 输入为+16
M0架构的单片机 其输出口地址为端口地址+12 输入为+8
以ADuCM4050为列:
位带宏定义
#ifndef __GPIO_H__
#define __GPIO_H__
#include "ADuCM4050.h"
#include "adi_gpio.h"#define BITBAND(addr, bitnum) ((addr & 0xF0000000)+0x2000000+((addr &0xFFFFF)<<5)+(bitnum<<2))
#define MEM_ADDR(addr) *((volatile unsigned long *)(addr))
#define BIT_ADDR(addr, bitnum) MEM_ADDR(BITBAND(addr, bitnum))#define GPIO0_ODR_Addr (ADI_GPIO0_BASE+20) //0x40020014
#define GPIO0_IDR_Addr (ADI_GPIO0_BASE+16) //0x40020010#define GPIO1_ODR_Addr (ADI_GPIO1_BASE+20) //0x40020054
#define GPIO1_IDR_Addr (ADI_GPIO1_BASE+16) //0x40020050#define GPIO2_ODR_Addr (ADI_GPIO2_BASE+20) //0x40020094
#define GPIO2_IDR_Addr (ADI_GPIO2_BASE+16) //0x40020090#define GPIO3_ODR_Addr (ADI_GPIO3_BASE+20) //0x400200D4
#define GPIO3_IDR_Addr (ADI_GPIO3_BASE+16) //0x400200D0#define P0_O(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIO0_ODR_Addr,n) //输出
#define P0_I(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIO0_IDR_Addr,n) //输入 #define P1_O(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIO1_ODR_Addr,n) //输出
#define P1_I(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIO1_IDR_Addr,n) //输入 #define P2_O(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIO2_ODR_Addr,n) //输出
#define P2_I(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIO2_IDR_Addr,n) //输入 #define P3_O(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIO3_ODR_Addr,n) //输出
#define P3_I(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIO3_IDR_Addr,n) //输入 #define Port0 (ADI_GPIO_PORT0)
#define Port1 (ADI_GPIO_PORT1)
#define Port2 (ADI_GPIO_PORT2)
#define Port3 (ADI_GPIO_PORT3)#define Pin0 (ADI_GPIO_PIN_0)
#define Pin1 (ADI_GPIO_PIN_1)
#define Pin2 (ADI_GPIO_PIN_2)
#define Pin3 (ADI_GPIO_PIN_3)
#define Pin4 (ADI_GPIO_PIN_4)
#define Pin5 (ADI_GPIO_PIN_5)
#define Pin6 (ADI_GPIO_PIN_6)
#define Pin7 (ADI_GPIO_PIN_7)
#define Pin8 (ADI_GPIO_PIN_8)
#define Pin9 (ADI_GPIO_PIN_9)
#define Pin10 (ADI_GPIO_PIN_10)
#define Pin11 (ADI_GPIO_PIN_11)
#define Pin12 (ADI_GPIO_PIN_12)
#define Pin13 (ADI_GPIO_PIN_13)
#define Pin14 (ADI_GPIO_PIN_14)
#define Pin15 (ADI_GPIO_PIN_15)void GPIO_OUT(unsigned int port,unsigned int pin,unsigned int flag);
void GPIO_BUS_OUT(unsigned int port,unsigned int num);void P0_BUS_O(unsigned int num);
unsigned int P0_BUS_I(void);void P1_BUS_O(unsigned int num);
unsigned int P1_BUS_I(void);void P2_BUS_O(unsigned int num);
unsigned int P2_BUS_I(void);void P3_BUS_O(unsigned int num);
unsigned int P3_BUS_I(void);#endif
总线函数
#include "ADuCM4050.h"
#include "adi_gpio.h"
#include "GPIO.h"void GPIO_OUT(unsigned int port,unsigned int pin,unsigned int flag)
{switch(port){case 0:{switch(pin){case 0:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_0));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_0));};break;case 1:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_1));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_1));};break;case 2:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_2));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_2));};break;case 3:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_3));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_3));};break;case 4:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_4));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_4));};break;case 5:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_5));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_5));};break;case 6:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_6));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_6));};break;case 7:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_7));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_7));};break;case 8:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_8));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_8));};break;case 9:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_9));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_9));};break;case 10:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_10));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_10));};break;case 11:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_11));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_11));};break;case 12:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_12));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_12));};break;case 13:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_13));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_13));};break;case 14:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_14));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_14));};break;case 15:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_15));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT0),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_15));};break;default:pin=0;break;}}break;case 1:{switch(pin){case 0:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_0));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_0));};break;case 1:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_1));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_1));};break;case 2:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_2));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_2));};break;case 3:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_3));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_3));};break;case 4:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_4));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_4));};break;case 5:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_5));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_5));};break;case 6:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_6));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_6));};break;case 7:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_7));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_7));};break;case 8:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_8));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_8));};break;case 9:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_9));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_9));};break;case 10:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_10));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_10));};break;case 11:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_11));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_11));};break;case 12:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_12));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_12));};break;case 13:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_13));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_13));};break;case 14:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_14));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_14));};break;case 15:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_15));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT1),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_15));};break;default:pin=0;break;}}break;case 2:{switch(pin){case 0:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_0));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_0));};break;case 1:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_1));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_1));};break;case 2:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_2));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_2));};break;case 3:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_3));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_3));};break;case 4:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_4));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_4));};break;case 5:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_5));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_5));};break;case 6:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_6));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_6));};break;case 7:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_7));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_7));};break;case 8:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_8));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_8));};break;case 9:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_9));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_9));};break;case 10:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_10));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_10));};break;case 11:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_11));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_11));};break;case 12:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_12));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_12));};break;case 13:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_13));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_13));};break;case 14:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_14));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_14));};break;case 15:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_15));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT2),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_15));};break;default:pin=0;break;}}break;case 3:{switch(pin){case 0:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_0));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_0));};break;case 1:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_1));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_1));};break;case 2:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_2));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_2));};break;case 3:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_3));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_3));};break;case 4:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_4));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_4));};break;case 5:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_5));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_5));};break;case 6:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_6));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_6));};break;case 7:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_7));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_7));};break;case 8:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_8));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_8));};break;case 9:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_9));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_9));};break;case 10:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_10));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_10));};break;case 11:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_11));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_11));};break;case 12:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_12));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_12));};break;case 13:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_13));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_13));};break;case 14:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_14));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_14));};break;case 15:if(flag==1){adi_gpio_SetHigh((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_15));}else{adi_gpio_SetLow((ADI_GPIO_PORT3),(ADI_GPIO_PIN_15));};break;default:pin=0;break;}}break;default:port=0;break;}
}void GPIO_BUS_OUT(unsigned int port,unsigned int num) //num最大为0xffff
{int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){GPIO_OUT(port,i,(num>>i)&0x0001);}
}void P0_BUS_O(unsigned int num) //输入值num最大为0xFFFF
{int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){P0_O(i)=(num>>i)&0x0001;}
}
unsigned int P0_BUS_I(void) //输出值num最大为0xFFFF
{unsigned int num;int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){num=num+(P0_I(i)<<i)&0xFFFF;}return num;
}void P1_BUS_O(unsigned int num) //输入值num最大为0xFFFF
{int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){P1_O(i)=(num>>i)&0x0001;}
}
unsigned int P1_BUS_I(void) //输出值num最大为0xFFFF
{unsigned int num;int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){num=num+(P1_I(i)<<i)&0xFFFF;}return num;
}void P2_BUS_O(unsigned int num) //输入值num最大为0xFFFF
{int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){P2_O(i)=(num>>i)&0x0001;}
}
unsigned int P2_BUS_I(void) //输出值num最大为0xFFFF
{unsigned int num;int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){num=num+(P2_I(i)<<i)&0xFFFF;}return num;
}void P3_BUS_O(unsigned int num) //输入值num最大为0xFFFF
{int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){P3_O(i)=(num>>i)&0x0001;}
}
unsigned int P3_BUS_I(void) //输出值num最大为0xFFFF
{unsigned int num;int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){num=num+(P3_I(i)<<i)&0xFFFF;}return num;
}
一、位带操作理论及实践
位带操作的概念其实30年前就有了,那还是 CM3 将此能力进化,这里的位带操作是 8051 位寻址区的威力大幅加强版
位带区: 支持位带操作的地址区
位带别名: 对别名地址的访问最终作 用到位带区的访问上(注意:这中途有一个 地址映射过程)
位带操作对于硬件 I/O 密集型的底层程序最有用处
支持了位带操作后,可以使用普通的加载/存储指令来对单一的比特进行读写。在CM4中,有两个区中实现了位带。其中一个是SRAM区的最低1MB范围,第二个则是片内外设区的最低1MB范围。这两个区中的地址除了可以像普通的RAM一样使用外,它们还都有自己的“位带别名区”,位带别名区把每个比特膨胀成一个32位的字。当你通过位带别名区访问这些字时,就可以达到访问原始比特的目的。
位操作就是可以单独的对一个比特位读和写,类似与51中sbit定义的变量,stm32中通过访问位带别名区来实现位操作的功能
STM32中有两个地方实现了位带,一个是SRAM,一个是片上外设。
(1)位带本质上是一块地址区(例如每一位地址位对应一个寄存器)映射到另一片地址区(实现每一位地址位对应一个寄存器中的一位),该区域就叫做位带别名区,将每一位膨胀成一个32位的字。
(2)位带区的4个字节对应实际寄存器或内存区的一个位,虽然变大到4个字节,但实际上只有最低位有效(代表0或1)
只有位带可以直接用=赋值的方式来操作寄存器 位带是把寄存器上的每一位 膨胀到32位 映射到位带区 比如0x4002 0000地址的第0个bit 映射到位带区的0地址 那么其对应的位带映射地址为0x00 - 0x04 一共32位 但只有LSB有效 采用位带的方式用=赋值时 就是把位带区对应的LSB赋值 然后MCU再转到寄存器对应的位里面 寄存器操作时 如果不改变其他位上面的值 那就只能通过&=或者|=的方式进行
要设置0x2000 0000这个字节的第二个位bit2为1,使用位带操作的步骤有:
1、将1写入位 带别名区对应的映射地址(即0x22000008,因为1bit对应4个byte);
2、将0x2000 0000的值 读取到内部的缓冲区(这一步骤是内核完成的,属于原子操作,不需要用户操作);
3、将bit2置1,再把值写 回到0x2000 0000(属于原子操作,不需要用户操作)。
关于GPIO引脚对应的访问地址,可以参考以下公式
寄存器位带别名 = 0x42000000 + (寄存器的地址-0x40000000)32 + 引脚编号4
如:端口F访问的起始地址GPIOF_BASE
#define GPIOF ((GPIO_TypeDef *)GPIOF_BASE)
但好在官方库里面都帮我们定义好了 只需要在BASE地址加上便宜即可
例如:
GPIOF的ODR寄存器的地址 = GPIOF_BASE + 0x14
寄存器位带别名 = 0x42000000 + (寄存器的地址-0x40000000)32 + 引脚编号4
设置PF9引脚的话:
uint32_t *PF9_BitBand =
*(uint32_t *)(0x42000000 + ((uint32_t )&GPIOF->ODR– 0x40000000) *32 + 9*4)
封装一下:
#define PFout(x) *(volatile uint32_t *)(0x42000000 + ((uint32_t )&GPIOF->ODR – 0x40000000) *32 + x*4)
现在 可以把通用部分封装成一个小定义:
#define BITBAND(addr, bitnum) ((addr & 0xF0000000)+0x2000000+((addr &0xFFFFF)<<5)+(bitnum<<2))
#define MEM_ADDR(addr) *((volatile unsigned long *)(addr))
#define BIT_ADDR(addr, bitnum) MEM_ADDR(BITBAND(addr, bitnum))
那么 设置PF引脚的函数可以定义:
#define GPIOF_ODR_Addr (GPIOF_BASE+20) //0x40021414
#define GPIOF_IDR_Addr (GPIOF_BASE+16) //0x40021410 #define PF_O(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIOF_ODR_Addr,n) //输出
#define PF_I(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIOF_IDR_Addr,n) //输入
若使PF9输入输出则:
PF_O(9)=1; //输出高电平
uint8_t dat = PF_I(9); //获取PF9引脚的值
总线输入输出:
void PF_BUS_O(unsigned int num) //输入值num最大为0xFFFF
{int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){PF_O(i)=(num>>i)&0x0001;}
}
unsigned int PF_BUS_I(void) //输出值num最大为0xFFFF
{unsigned int num;int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){num=num+(PF_I(i)<<i)&0xFFFF;}return num;
}
STM32的可用下面的函数:
#ifndef __GPIO_H__
#define __GPIO_H__
#include "stm32l496xx.h"#define BITBAND(addr, bitnum) ((addr & 0xF0000000)+0x2000000+((addr &0xFFFFF)<<5)+(bitnum<<2))
#define MEM_ADDR(addr) *((volatile unsigned long *)(addr))
#define BIT_ADDR(addr, bitnum) MEM_ADDR(BITBAND(addr, bitnum))#define GPIOA_ODR_Addr (GPIOA_BASE+20) //0x40020014
#define GPIOB_ODR_Addr (GPIOB_BASE+20) //0x40020414
#define GPIOC_ODR_Addr (GPIOC_BASE+20) //0x40020814
#define GPIOD_ODR_Addr (GPIOD_BASE+20) //0x40020C14
#define GPIOE_ODR_Addr (GPIOE_BASE+20) //0x40021014
#define GPIOF_ODR_Addr (GPIOF_BASE+20) //0x40021414
#define GPIOG_ODR_Addr (GPIOG_BASE+20) //0x40021814
#define GPIOH_ODR_Addr (GPIOH_BASE+20) //0x40021C14
#define GPIOI_ODR_Addr (GPIOI_BASE+20) //0x40022014 #define GPIOA_IDR_Addr (GPIOA_BASE+16) //0x40020010
#define GPIOB_IDR_Addr (GPIOB_BASE+16) //0x40020410
#define GPIOC_IDR_Addr (GPIOC_BASE+16) //0x40020810
#define GPIOD_IDR_Addr (GPIOD_BASE+16) //0x40020C10
#define GPIOE_IDR_Addr (GPIOE_BASE+16) //0x40021010
#define GPIOF_IDR_Addr (GPIOF_BASE+16) //0x40021410
#define GPIOG_IDR_Addr (GPIOG_BASE+16) //0x40021810
#define GPIOH_IDR_Addr (GPIOH_BASE+16) //0x40021C10
#define GPIOI_IDR_Addr (GPIOI_BASE+16) //0x40022010 #define PA_O(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIOA_ODR_Addr,n) //输出
#define PA_I(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIOA_IDR_Addr,n) //输入 #define PB_O(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIOB_ODR_Addr,n) //输出
#define PB_I(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIOB_IDR_Addr,n) //输入 #define PC_O(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIOC_ODR_Addr,n) //输出
#define PC_I(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIOC_IDR_Addr,n) //输入 #define PD_O(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIOD_ODR_Addr,n) //输出
#define PD_I(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIOD_IDR_Addr,n) //输入 #define PE_O(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIOE_ODR_Addr,n) //输出
#define PE_I(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIOE_IDR_Addr,n) //输入#define PF_O(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIOF_ODR_Addr,n) //输出
#define PF_I(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIOF_IDR_Addr,n) //输入#define PG_O(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIOG_ODR_Addr,n) //输出
#define PG_I(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIOG_IDR_Addr,n) //输入#define PH_O(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIOH_ODR_Addr,n) //输出
#define PH_I(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIOH_IDR_Addr,n) //输入#define PI_O(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIOI_ODR_Addr,n) //输出
#define PI_I(n) BIT_ADDR(GPIOI_IDR_Addr,n) //输入void PA_BUS_O(unsigned int num);
unsigned int PA_BUS_I(void);void PB_BUS_O(unsigned int num);
unsigned int PB_BUS_I(void);void PC_BUS_O(unsigned int num);
unsigned int PC_BUS_I(void);void PD_BUS_O(unsigned int num);
unsigned int PD_BUS_I(void);void PE_BUS_O(unsigned int num);
unsigned int PE_BUS_I(void);void PF_BUS_O(unsigned int num);
unsigned int PF_BUS_I(void);void PG_BUS_O(unsigned int num);
unsigned int PG_BUS_I(void);void PH_BUS_O(unsigned int num);
unsigned int PH_BUS_I(void);void PI_BUS_O(unsigned int num);
unsigned int PI_BUS_I(void);#endif
#include "GPIO.h"void PA_BUS_O(unsigned int num) //输入值num最大为0xFFFF
{int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){PA_O(i)=(num>>i)&0x0001;}
}
unsigned int PA_BUS_I(void) //输出值num最大为0xFFFF
{unsigned int num;int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){num=num+(PA_I(i)<<i)&0xFFFF;}return num;
}void PB_BUS_O(unsigned int num) //输入值num最大为0xFFFF
{int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){PB_O(i)=(num>>i)&0x0001;}
}
unsigned int PB_BUS_I(void) //输出值num最大为0xFFFF
{unsigned int num;int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){num=num+(PB_I(i)<<i)&0xFFFF;}return num;
}void PC_BUS_O(unsigned int num) //输入值num最大为0xFFFF
{int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){PC_O(i)=(num>>i)&0x0001;}
}
unsigned int PC_BUS_I(void) //输出值num最大为0xFFFF
{unsigned int num;int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){num=num+(PC_I(i)<<i)&0xFFFF;}return num;
}void PD_BUS_O(unsigned int num) //输入值num最大为0xFFFF
{int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){PD_O(i)=(num>>i)&0x0001;}
}
unsigned int PD_BUS_I(void) //输出值num最大为0xFFFF
{unsigned int num;int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){num=num+(PD_I(i)<<i)&0xFFFF;}return num;
}void PE_BUS_O(unsigned int num) //输入值num最大为0xFFFF
{int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){PE_O(i)=(num>>i)&0x0001;}
}
unsigned int PE_BUS_I(void) //输出值num最大为0xFFFF
{unsigned int num;int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){num=num+(PE_I(i)<<i)&0xFFFF;}return num;
}void PF_BUS_O(unsigned int num) //输入值num最大为0xFFFF
{int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){PF_O(i)=(num>>i)&0x0001;}
}
unsigned int PF_BUS_I(void) //输出值num最大为0xFFFF
{unsigned int num;int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){num=num+(PF_I(i)<<i)&0xFFFF;}return num;
}void PG_BUS_O(unsigned int num) //输入值num最大为0xFFFF
{int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){PG_O(i)=(num>>i)&0x0001;}
}
unsigned int PG_BUS_I(void) //输出值num最大为0xFFFF
{unsigned int num;int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){num=num+(PG_I(i)<<i)&0xFFFF;}return num;
}void PH_BUS_O(unsigned int num) //输入值num最大为0xFFFF
{int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){PH_O(i)=(num>>i)&0x0001;}
}
unsigned int PH_BUS_I(void) //输出值num最大为0xFFFF
{unsigned int num;int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){num=num+(PH_I(i)<<i)&0xFFFF;}return num;
}void PI_BUS_O(unsigned int num) //输入值num最大为0xFFFF
{int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){PI_O(i)=(num>>i)&0x0001;}
}
unsigned int PI_BUS_I(void) //输出值num最大为0xFFFF
{unsigned int num;int i;for(i=0;i<16;i++){num=num+(PI_I(i)<<i)&0xFFFF;}return num;
}
二、如何判断MCU的外设是否支持位带
根据《ARM Cortex-M3与Cortex-M4权威指南(第3版)》中第6章第7节描述
也就是说 要实现对GPIO的位带操作 必须保证GPIO位于外设区域的第一个1MB中
第一个1MB应该是0x4010 0000之前 位带不是直接操作地址 而是操作地址映射 地址映射被操作以后 MCU自动会修改对应寄存器的值
位带区只有1MB 所以只能改0x4000 0000 - 0x400F FFFF的寄存器
像F4系列 GPIO的首地址为0x4002 0000 就可以用位带来更改
STM32L476的GPIO就不行:
AHB2的都不能用位带
ABP 还有AHB1都可以用
但是L476的寄存器里面 GPIO和ADC都是AHB2