文章目录
- 一、异步通知
- 1、应用场景
- 2、执行流程(基于读取按键值的情景)
- 2.1、应用程序具体做什么?
- 2.2、驱动程序具体做什么?
- 三、程序
- 1、驱动程序
- 2、测试应用程序
- 三、总结
一、异步通知
1、应用场景
当应用程序不想休眠时,可以使用异步通知的方式;当驱动程序有数据时主动通知应用程序,应用程序收到信号后执行信息处理函数。
2、执行流程(基于读取按键值的情景)
大致思想:驱动程序会发送信号给应用程序,应用程序收到信号会执行指定函数;
应用程序使用的关键函数:
- sighandler_t signal(int signum, sighandler_t handler)
- int fcntl(int fd, int cmd, … /* arg */ )
驱动程序使用的关键函数:
- int fasync_helper(int fd, struct file * filp, int on, struct fasync_struct **fapp)
- void kill_fasync(struct fasync_struct **fp, int sig, int band)
2.1、应用程序具体做什么?
以下涉及的函数并不是函数原型,而是从实际程序里复制出来的;以下步骤序号和上图序号无关联;
①、应用程序需要使用 signal(SIGIO, func) 函数绑定信号与函数,这样收到驱动程序发送的信号后func()函数会自动执行,读按键操作就在func()函数里完成;
②、那驱动程序到底发送信号给谁是由 fcntl(fd, F_SETOWN, getpid()) 函数决定,这个函数是把应用程序的pid告诉驱动程序;
③、随后使用 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL) 来获取标志位;再通过 fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags | FASYNC) 启动fasync功能,启用fasync功能实际上就会调用驱动层的drv_fasync()函数,下面介绍drv_fasync();
2.2、驱动程序具体做什么?
以下涉及的函数并不是函数原型,而是从实际程序里复制出来的;以下步骤序号和上图序号无关联;
①、驱动程序里需要实现drv_fasync()函数,而该函数里只需要调用 fasync_helper(fd, file, on, &button_fasync) 函数,button_fasync是一个fasync_struct类型的结构体,里面会存放应用程序的pid,后续发送信号时也会用到button_fasync;
②、信号的发送在按键中断程序里,调用 kill_fasync(&button_fasync, SIGIO, POLL_IN) 发送信号;
三、程序
1、驱动程序
#include <linux/module.h>#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/miscdevice.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/major.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <linux/stat.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/kmod.h>
#include <linux/gfp.h>
#include <linux/gpio/consumer.h>
#include <linux/platform_device.h>
#include <linux/of_gpio.h>
#include <linux/of_irq.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/irq.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>struct gpio_key{int gpio;struct gpio_desc *gpiod;int flag;int irq;
};static struct gpio_key *gpio_keys_f1c100s;static int major = 0;
static struct class *key_class;
static int g_key = 0;struct fasync_struct *button_fasync;static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(gpio_key_wait);static ssize_t key_drv_read (struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *offset)
{int err;wait_event_interruptible(gpio_key_wait, g_key);err = copy_to_user(buf, &g_key, 4);g_key = 0;return 4;
}static int key_drv_fasync(int fd, struct file *file, int on)
{if (fasync_helper(fd, file, on, &button_fasync) >= 0)return 0;elsereturn -EIO;
}static struct file_operations key_drv = {.owner = THIS_MODULE,.read = key_drv_read,.fasync = key_drv_fasync,
};static irqreturn_t gpio_key_isr(int irq, void *dev_id)
{struct gpio_key *gpio_key = dev_id;int val;val = gpiod_get_value(gpio_key->gpiod);printk("key %d %d\n", gpio_key->gpio, val);g_key = (gpio_key->gpio << 8) | val;wake_up_interruptible(&gpio_key_wait);kill_fasync(&button_fasync, SIGIO, POLL_IN); //发送信号return IRQ_HANDLED;
}static int f1c100s_key_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
{ struct device_node *node = pdev->dev.of_node;int err;int i;int count;enum of_gpio_flags flag;printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);count = of_gpio_count(node); //获取GPIO数量if(!count){printk("%s %s line %d, there isn't any gpio available\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);return -1;}gpio_keys_f1c100s = kzalloc(sizeof(struct gpio_key) * count, GFP_KERNEL);if(gpio_keys_f1c100s == NULL){printk("%s %s line %d, kzalloc fail\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);return -1;}for(i = 0; i < count; i++){gpio_keys_f1c100s[i].gpio = of_get_gpio_flags(node, i, &flag);if (gpio_keys_f1c100s[i].gpio < 0){printk("%s %s line %d, of_get_gpio_flags fail\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);return -1;}gpio_keys_f1c100s[i].gpiod = gpio_to_desc(gpio_keys_f1c100s[i].gpio);gpio_keys_f1c100s[i].flag = flag & OF_GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW;gpio_keys_f1c100s[i].irq = gpio_to_irq(gpio_keys_f1c100s[i].gpio); //获取中断号}for(i = 0; i < count; i++){err = request_irq(gpio_keys_f1c100s[i].irq, gpio_key_isr, IRQF_TRIGGER_RISING, "f1c100s_gpio_key", &gpio_keys_f1c100s[i]); //申请中断}major = register_chrdev(0, "f1c100s_key", &key_drv);key_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "f1c100s_key_class");if (IS_ERR(key_class)) {unregister_chrdev(major, "f1c100s_key");printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);return PTR_ERR(key_class);}device_create(key_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "keys-key");return 0;
}static int f1c100s_key_remove(struct platform_device *pdev)
{struct device_node *node = pdev->dev.of_node;int count;int i;device_destroy(key_class, MKDEV(major, 0));class_destroy(key_class);unregister_chrdev(major, "f1c100s_key");count = of_gpio_count(node);for (i = 0; i < count; i++){free_irq(gpio_keys_f1c100s[i].irq, &gpio_keys_f1c100s[i]);}kfree(gpio_keys_f1c100s);return 0;
}static const struct of_device_id f1c100s_key_table[] = {{ .compatible = "f1c100s,keysdrv" },{ },
};static struct platform_driver f1c100s_key_driver = {.probe = f1c100s_key_probe,.remove = f1c100s_key_remove,.driver = {.name = "f1c100s_keys",.of_match_table = f1c100s_key_table,},
};static int __init f1c100s_key_init(void)
{int err;printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);err = platform_driver_register(&f1c100s_key_driver);return err;
}static void __exit f1c100s_key_exit(void)
{printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);platform_driver_unregister(&f1c100s_key_driver);
}module_init(f1c100s_key_init);
module_exit(f1c100s_key_exit);MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
2、测试应用程序
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <signal.h>static int fd;
static void sig_func(int sig)
{int bit = 1;int val;read(fd, &val, 4);bit &= val;val >>= 8;printf("get %d button : %d\n", val, bit);bit = 1;
}/** ./button_test /dev/keys-key**/
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{ int flags;/* 1. 判断参数 */if (argc != 2) {printf("Usage: %s <dev>\n", argv[0]);return -1;}signal(SIGIO, sig_func); //绑定信号与函数/* 2. 打开文件 */fd = open(argv[1], O_RDWR);if (fd == -1){printf("can not open file %s\n", argv[1]);return -1;}fcntl(fd, F_SETOWN, getpid()); //传入应用程序pidflags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL); //获取flagsfcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags | FASYNC); //启动fasync功能,驱动程序的key_drv_fasync()会被调用/* 3. 写文件 */while(1){printf("asyn button test\n");sleep(2);}close(fd);return 0;
}
三、总结
1、以上专业术语或名词解释有个人理解,感谢指点纠错!
2、视频学习B站韦东山:【第5篇】嵌入式Linux驱动开发基础知识 - 异步通知