【New words and expressions】生词和短语（5）

until                              prep. 直到

outside                         adv. 外面

ring                               v. （铃、电话等）响（rang, rung）

aunt                             n. 姑，姨，婶，舅母

repeat                          v. 重复

★until prep.直到

until 用于表示动作、状态等的持续，可译为“一直到……为止”或“在……以前”。在肯定句中，它与

表示持续性状态的动词连用，表示持续到某一时刻：

I’ll wait here until 5.       我会在这里等到 5 点钟。

His father was alive until he came back.         直到他回来为止,他爸爸都是活着的.

在否定句中，它通常与描述短暂动作的动词连用，表示“到……为止”、“直到……才”：

She cannot arrive until 6. 她到 6 点才能来。

His father didn't die until he came back.         直到他回来,他爸爸才死.

until（后的从句）的时间终止之前,这个动作做了还是没做？做了前面的主句用肯定；没做前面的主句

用否定

For he ___A(C)_ (wait) until it stopped raining.

A. waited                        B. didn't wait

A. leave           B. left             C. didn't leave I stay in bed until twelve o'clock.

I didn't get up until 12 o'clock.

★outside adv. 外面（作状语）

He is waiting for me outside. It is cold outside.

★ring(rang. rung)     v.(铃、电话等)响

① vt. 鸣，(铃、电话等)响(这种响是刺耳的, 往往是提醒人做某事) Every morning the clock rings at 6.

The telephone(door bell) is ringing.

而风铃等响要用 jingle，jingle (bell) (铃儿) 响叮当

② vt. 打电话给（美语中用 call） ring sb.    给某人打电话

Tomorrow I'll ring you.

③ n. （打）电话

give sb. a ring

Remember to give me a ring. /Remember to ring me.

④ n. 戒指

★aunt      n. 姑,姨,婶,舅妈(所有长一辈的女性都用这个称呼)

男性则是 uncle: 叔叔

他们的孩子：cousin   堂兄妹(不分男女) cousin 的孩子：nephew 外甥；niece 外甥女

★repeat v. 重 复

① vt. 重复

Will you repeat the last word?

They are repeating that wonderful paly.

② vi. 重做，重说Please repeat after me. Don’t repeat.

【Text】

It was Sunday. I never get up early on Sundays. I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime. Last Sunday I got up very late. I looked out of the window. It was dark outside. 'What a day!' I thought. 'It's raining again.' Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy. 'I've just arrived by train,' she said. 'I'm coming to see you.'

'But I'm still having breakfast,' I said. 'What are you doing?' she asked.

'I'm having breakfast,' I repeated.

'Dear me,' she said. 'Do you always get up so late? It's one o'clock!'

参考译文：

那是个星期天, 而在星期天我是从来不早起的, 有时我要一直躺到吃午饭的时候. 上个星期天, 我起得很晚. 我望望窗外, 外面一片昏暗. “鬼天气!” 我想, “又下雨了. “正在这时, 电话铃响了. 是我姑母露西打来的. “我刚下火车, “她说, “我这就来看你. “

“但我还在吃早饭, “我说.

“你在干什么?” 她问道.

“我正在吃早饭, “我又说了一遍.

“天啊, “她说, “你总是起得这么晚吗?现在已经 1 点钟了!”

【课文讲解】

1、It was Sunday.

it 指时间、天气、温度或距离，it 被称为“虚主语”（empty subject）。作为第三人称单数的中性代词， it 可以指一件东西、一件事件或用来指是什么人：

It is a lovely baby.

2、I never get up early on Sundays.

on Sundays: 所有的星期天,每逢星期天,与一般现在时连用，表示经常性的行为。

介词 on 一般用于表示某一天的时间短语中：on Monday，on Monday morning，on that day

当使用last，next，this，that 时，介词（以及定冠词）必须省略：

I’ll see you next/this Friday.

never 从来不 (可以直接用在动词前面)=助动词+not (变成否定句,前面一定要加助动词) I don't like her.=I never like her.

3、I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime.

在表达卧床时bed 前不需加冠词： It’s time for bed now.

You must stay/remain in bed for another two days.       你必须再卧床两天。

4、Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy. just then: 就在那时

如果不知道对方性别, 他/她可以用 it 取代

Who are you?/Who is it ?

5、I've just arrived by train,

by 直接加交通工具(不能有任何修饰词, 复数)；如果加修饰词, 就要换掉 by 用 in 或 on I go out by bus.

I go out in/on two buses.     （指具体的两辆车介词用 in/on） Long ago people could go to America only by ship/sea.

如果是特指的交通工具，则要加冠词或其他限定词：

My aunt left by the 9:15 train.

by air 乘 飞机           by bicycle/bike 骑自行车

by boat     乘船           by bus 乘公共汽车

by car        乘小汽车        by land 由陆路

by plane      乘飞机         by sea 由海路

by ship      乘船           by train 乘火车

6、I'm coming to see you. 我将要来看你.

用 come 的现在进行时态 be coming 表示一般将来，表示近期按计划或安排要进行的动作。同样用法

的动词有：go，come，leave，arrive，land，meet，die，start，return，join…

7、Dear me!

天哪!英国人说 Dear me!或 My dear!

美国人说 : My god! 注意美英的发音不同.

【Key structures】

 

现在进行时和一般现在时

现在进行时表示说话的当时正在发生或正在发生的事件,也用来表示现阶段(一段时间)的动向。现在进

行时常与 now，just，still 等副词连用：

I am working as a teacher. "现阶段"

He is still sleeping.  （现在还在睡觉）

Jane is just dressing up.     简正在打扮。

一般现在时表示习惯性动作, 真理, 是过去、现在和未来都会发生的事情。一般现在时一般与频率副

词 often，always，sometimes，never，frequently，rarely，ever 等连用。

Helen never writes to her brother Tony. She sometimes rings him.

频率副词往往放在句子中的实义动词前, 非实义动词后；如果既有实义动词又有非实义动词, 要放在两个之间；疑问句中副词往往放在主语后面。在否定句中 not 必须放在 always 之前，而且也出现在 generally、normally、often、regularly 和 usually 之前；not 必须出现在 sometimes 和 frequently 之后。表示肯定的速记可以用在句尾；在特别强调和需要对比时，frequently、generally、normally、sometimes、usually     等副词可用于句首。

I get paid on Friday usually.

Very often the phone rings when I’m in bath.

非实义动词 :

① 系动词(be)

② 帮助动词构成时态的助动词(do, does, will, shall, have, had, has)

③ 情态动词(must, can, may) 除此之外都是实义动词.

I frequently go to bed hungry. （形容词作状语）

He went to school hungry.饿着肚子上学. You must come here hungry.空腹来这里.

【Special Difficulties】

以 what 开头的感叹句：

在英语中可用what   引导的感叹句来表示惊奇、愤怒、赞赏、喜悦等感情，在感叹中主谓语采用正常语序。

What 对名词感叹，感叹句的结构为：What +a/an (+adj.)+n.(+主语+谓语)!

What a good girl (she is)! （主、谓可省）

有上下文和一定的语境, 才能省略形容词。一般省略形容词表示批评或不大好的意思。

What a thing to say! 多么难听的话啊！

What (a lot of) trouble( he is causing)!

【Multiple choice questions】

1. He doesn't get up early on Sundays. He gets up _ a _ .

a. late        b. lately            c. slowly                    d. hardly late <adj.& adv.> 晚 的

lately <adv.> =recently <adv.>最近的, 近来的.

How are you going lately? 最近一段时间身体还好吗?

8 He _ a_ out of the window and saw that it was raining.

a. looked           b. saw               c. remarked     d. watched look <vi.> 表示看的动作，后面一定要加介词

see <vt.>       表示看的结果，后面直接加宾语

watch <vt.> 表示观看，后面直接加宾语, 但宾语一定是能够活动的东西

look at pictures (对)；watch pictures(错)