本文主要和大家分享mac下搭建php环境，最近工作环境切换到Mac，所以以OS X Yosemite(10.10.1)为例，记录一下从零开始安装Mac下LNMP环境的过程
确保系统已经安装xcode，然后使用一行命令安装依赖管理工具Homebrew。ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"
之后就可以使用brew install FORMULA
来安装所需要的依赖了。
brew(意为酿酒)的命名很有意思，全部都使用了酿酒过程中采用的材料/器具，名词对应以下的概念：Formula(配方) 程序包定义，本质上是一个rb文件
Keg(桶)程序包的安装路径
Cellar(地窖)所有程序包(桶)的根目录
Tap(水龙头)程序包的源
Bottle (瓶子)编译打包好的程序包
最终编译安装完毕的程序就是一桶酿造好的酒
更详细的信息参考Homebrew的官方Cookbook
因此使用Homebrew常见的流程是：增加一个程序源(新增一个水龙头) brew tap homebrew/php
更新程序源 brew update
安装程序包(按照配方酿酒) brew install git
查看配置 brew config 可以看到程序包默认安装在/usr/local/Cellar下 (酒桶放在地窖内)
安装PHP5.6(FPM方式)
首先加入Homebrew官方的几个软件源brew tap homebrew/dupes
brew tap homebrew/versions
brew tap homebrew/php
PHP如果采用默认配置安装，会编译mod_php模块并只运行在Apache环境下，为了使用Nginx，这里需要编译php-fpm并且禁用apache，主要通过参数--without-fpm --without-apache来实现。完整的安装指令为brew install php56 \
--build-from-source \
--without-snmp \
--without-apache \
--with-fpm \
--with-intl \
--with-homebrew-curl \
--with-homebrew-libxslt \
--with-homebrew-openssl \
--with-imap \
--with-mysql \
--with-tidy
由于OSX已经自带了PHP环境，因此需要修改系统路径，优先运行brew安装的版本，在~/.bashrc里加入：export PATH="/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:$PATH"
如果要安装新的php扩展，可以直接安装而不用每次重新编译php，所有的扩展可以通过brew search php56
看到，下面是我自己所需要的扩展，可以支持Phalcon框架：brew install php56-memcache php56-memcached php56-mongo php56-phalcon php56-redis php56-xdebug --build-from-source
PHP-FPM的加载与启动
安装完毕后可以通过以下指令启动和停止php-fpmphp-fpm -D
killall php-fpm
同时可以将php-fpm加入开机启动ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/php56/*.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents
launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php56.plist
安装Nginxbrew install nginx
安装完毕后可以通过nginx
nginx -s quit
启动和关闭，同时也支持重载配置文件等操作nginx -s reload|reopen|stop|quit
nginx安装后默认监听8080端口，可以访问http://localhost:8080查看状态。如果要想监听80端口需要root权限，运行sudo chown root:wheel /usr/local/Cellar/nginx/1.6.2/bin/nginx
sudo chmod u+s /usr/local/Cellar/nginx/1.6.2/bin/nginx
并使用root权限启动sudo nginx
开机启动ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/nginx/*.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents
launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist
Nginx + PHP-FPM配置
Nginx一般都会运行多个域名，因此这里参考了@fish的方法，按Ubuntu的文件夹结构来存放Nginx的配置文件mkdir -p /usr/local/var/logs/nginx
mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-available
mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled
mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d
mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/ssl
编辑Nginx全局配置vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.confworker_processes 1;
error_log /usr/local/var/logs/nginx/error.log debug;
pid /usr/local/var/run/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 256;
}
http { include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] ' '"$request" $status $body_bytes_sent ' '"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" ' '"$http_x_forwarded_for" $host $request_time $upstream_response_time $scheme ' '$cookie_evalogin';
access_log /usr/local/var/logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
port_in_redirect off; include /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}
这样一来首先可以把一些可复用配置独立出来放在/usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d下，比如fastcgi的设置就可以独立出来vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d/php-fpm
内容为location ~ \.php$ {
try_files $uri = 404;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on; include /usr/local/etc/nginx/fastcgi.conf;
}
然后/usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled目录下可以一个文件对应一个域名的配置，比如web服务器目录是/opt/htdocsvim /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/defaultserver {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
root /opt/htdocs/;
location / {
index index.html index.htm index.php; include /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d/php-fpm;
}
}
此时启动了php-fpm并且启动了Nginx后，就可以通过http://localhost来运行php程序了
安装MySQLbrew install mysql
可以通过mysql.server start
mysql.server stop
来启动／停止，启动后默认应为空密码，可以通过mysqladmin设置一个密码mysqladmin -uroot password "mypassword"
但是在操作的时候出现了空密码无法登入的情况，最终只能通过mysqld_safe来设置sudo mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables
mysql -u root
mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET Password=PASSWORD('mypassword') WHERE User='root';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
最后将MySQL加入开机启动cp /usr/local/Cellar/mysql/5.6.22/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents/
Memcachebrew install memcached
启动/停止指令memcached -d
killall memcached
加入开机启动cp /usr/local/Cellar/memcached/1.4.20/homebrew.mxcl.memcached.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents/
Redisbrew install redis
Redis默认配置文件不允许以Deamon方式运行，因此需要先修改配置文件vim /usr/local/etc/redis.conf
将daemonize修改为yes，然后载入配置文件即可实现后台进程启动redis-server /usr/local/etc/redis.conf
加入开机启动cp /usr/local/Cellar/redis/2.8.19/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents/
设置别名
最后可以对所有服务的启动停止设置别名方便操作vim ~/.bash_profile
加入alias nginx.start='launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist'
alias nginx.stop='launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist'
alias nginx.restart='nginx.stop && nginx.start'
alias php-fpm.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php55.plist"
alias php-fpm.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php55.plist"
alias php-fpm.restart='php-fpm.stop && php-fpm.start'
alias mysql.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist"
alias mysql.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist"
alias mysql.restart='mysql.stop && mysql.start'
alias redis.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist"
alias redis.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist"
alias redis.restart='redis.stop && redis.start'
alias memcached.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.memcached.plist"
alias memcached.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.memcached.plist"
alias memcached.restart='memcached.stop && memcached.start'
安装其他项目支持brew install composer node
安装Oh My Zshbrew install zsh-completions
chsh -s /usr/local/bin/zsh
vim ~/.zshenv
加入内容export PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH
然后vim ~/.zshrc
加入内容fpath=(/usr/local/share/zsh-completions $fpath)
autoload -Uz compinit
compinit -u
最后运行rm -f ~/.zcompdump; compinit
查看正在使用的shelldscl localhost -read Local/Default/Users/$USER UserShell
安装Oh My Zshwget https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/raw/master/tools/install.sh -O - | sh
t;k=0:n-1,《MATLAB语言与应用》练习题答案)
