有许多方法可以把对象堆起来成为一个集合(Collection),比如放入数组、堆栈或散列表中。若用户直接从这些数据结构中取出对象,则需要知道具体是存在什么数据结构中(如栈就用peek,数组[])。迭代器能够让客户遍历你的对象而又无法窥视你存储对象的方式。
对象村餐厅和煎饼屋合并了,它们有着不同的菜单列表,但菜单项基础都是一样的。
class MenuItem
{
private:string name;string description;bool vegetarian;double price;public:MenuItem(string name, string description, bool vegetarian, double price){this->name = name;this->description = description;this->vegetarian = vegetarian;this->price = price;}string getName(){return name;}string getDescription(){return description;}bool isVegetarian(){return vegetarian;}double getpPrice(){return price;}
};
下面就写Java代码了,改成C++一时半会还是做不过来。
public class PancakeHouseMenu
{ArrayList menuItems;public PancakeHouseMenu(){menuItems = new ArrayList();addItem("K&B's Pancake Breakfast", "Pancakes with scrambled eggs, and toast", true, 2.99);}public void addItem(String name, String description, boolean vegetarian, double price){MenuItem menuItem = new MenuItem(name, description, vegetarian, price);menuItems.add(menuItem);}public ArrayList getMenuItems(){return menuItems;}
};/ ********************************************************/
public class DinerMenu
{static final int MAX_ITEMS = 6;int numberOfItems = 0;MenuItem[] menuItems;public DinerMenu(){menuItems = new MenuItem[MAX_ITEMS];addItem("Vegetarian BLT", "Fakin Bacon", true, 2.99);}public void addItem(String name, String description, boolean vegetarian, double price){MenuItem menuItem = new MenuItem(name, description, vegetarian, price);if (numberOfItems >= MAX_ITEMS){System.err.println("Sorry, menu is full! Can't add item to menu");}else{menuItems[numberOfItems++] = menuItem;}}public MenuItem[] getMenuItems(){return menuItems;}
};
这两种不同的菜单表现方式,会使得女招待需要知道菜单的实现细节,才能对菜单进行遍历。
PancakeHouseMenu pancakeHouseMenu = new PancakeHouseMenu();
ArrayList breakfastItems = pancakeHouseMenu.getMenuItems();for breakfastItems.size()
MenuItem menuItem = (MenuItem)breakfastItems.get(i);/ ******************************************************************* /
DinerMenu dinerMenu = new DinerMenu();
MenuItem[] lunchItems = DinerMenu.getMenuItems();for lunchItems.size()
MenuItem menuItem = lunchItems[i];
如果还有第三家餐厅以不同的实现出现,我们就需要有三个循环。
因此,我们需要创建一个对象(迭代器),封装“遍历集合内的每个对象的过程”。
Iterator iter = breakfastItems.createIterator();while (iter.hasNext())
{MenuItem menuItem = (MenuItem)iter.next();
}
当我们拥有迭代器接口后,我们就可以为各种对象集合实现迭代器