英语常用的介词

一、常用介词

介词（Preposition）是英语语法中的一类词语，用于连接名词、代词或名词性短语与其他词语，以指示位置、方向、时间、关系等概念。介词的最原始含义通常与空间、时间、方向或关系有关。以下是一些常见的介词及其最原始的含义：

In：
- 作用：表示位置、状态、时间段等。
- 例子：She is reading a book in the library. (位置) / They arrived in the morning. (时间) / The milk is in the refrigerator. (状态)
On：
- 作用：表示表面、时间、联系等。
- 例子：The cat is sitting on the table. (表面) / Our meeting is scheduled on Monday. (时间) / She is talking on the phone. (联系)
Under：
- 作用：表示位置、关系等。
- 例子：The keys are under the mat. (位置) / The cat is sleeping under the bed. (位置) / They are living under the same roof. (关系)
At：
- 作用：表示位置、时间、活动等。
- 例子：He's waiting for you at the entrance. (位置) / The party starts at 7 PM. (时间) / She's good at playing the piano. (活动)
By：
- 作用：表示方法、陪同等。
- 例子：He traveled by plane. (方法) / The painting was done by a famous artist. (制作者) / She's always there by my side. (陪同)
With：
- 作用：表示附带、伴随、工具等。
- 例子：I'll have my coffee with sugar. (附带) / She went to the park with her friends. (伴随) / He fixed the shelf with a hammer. (工具)
To：
- 作用：表示方向、目的地等。
- 例子：They walked to the store. (方向) / I'm going to the movies. (目的地) / She gave the gift to her sister. (间接目标)
From：
- 作用：表示起始点、来源等。
- 例子：I received a letter from my grandmother. (来源) / The train departs from the station. (起始点) / She learned Spanish from her teacher. (来源)
Between：
- 作用：表示两者之间的关系。
- 例子：The book is between the two bookshelves. (位置) / We split the pizza between us. (分配)
Beside：
- 作用：表示在旁边、临近。
- 例子：The cat is beside the dog. (位置) / The park is beside the river. (位置)
Through：
- 作用：表示通过、穿过。
- 例子：She walked through the forest. (位置) / He read through the book. (动作)
For：
- 作用：表示为了、因为、持续时间等。
- 例子：I bought flowers for my mom. (目的) / They went to the beach for a week. (持续时间) / I studied hard for the exam. (原因)
Against：
- 作用：表示紧靠、对抗。
- 例子：The ladder is leaning against the wall. (位置) / They are competing against each other. (对抗)

这个列表包含了一些常见的英语介词，它们的主要作用和用法。请记住，实际使用时需要根据上下文来选择正确的介词。

二、常用的时间介词

以下是与时间相关的一些常见英语介词，以及它们的含义：

At：
- 含义：特定的时间点。
- 例子：I have a meeting at 3 PM.
In：
- 含义：一段时间内。
- 例子：She will be back in a week.
On：
- 含义：特定的日期或某一天。
- 例子：We're having a party on Saturday.
Before：
- 含义：在某个时间点之前。
- 例子：Please complete the assignment before Friday.
After：
- 含义：在某个时间点之后。
- 例子：The concert starts after dinner.
During：
- 含义：在某个时间段内。
- 例子：He fell asleep during the movie.
Between：
- 含义：在两个时间点之间。
- 例子：The store is open between 9 AM and 6 PM.
Until / Till：
- 含义：直到某个时间点。
- 例子：I'll be working until late tonight.
Since：
- 含义：自从某个时间点以来。
- 例子：He has been studying English since last year.
For：
- 含义：持续的时间。
- 例子：They've been living here for five years.
By：
- 含义：在某个截止时间之前。
- 例子：Please finish the project by next Monday.
Throughout：
- 含义：在整个时间段内。
- 例子：It rained throughout the weekend.
Within：
- 含义：在某个时间范围内。
- 例子：You need to complete the task within three days.
Around：
- 含义：大约在某个时间点附近。
- 例子：The party will start around 7 PM.
Beforehand：
- 含义：提前，在之前。
- 例子：She prepared the presentation slides beforehand.