2019-05-18 回答

人品爆发，闲着也是闲着，我给你翻译好了楼主。你看一下。

let's start off this chapter by defining the term web application. we've all seen regular

client-side applications, but what exactly is a web application? loosely, it can be defined as

an application running on a server a user accesses through a thin, general-purpose client.

today, the most common client is a web browser on a pc or workstation, but other kinds of

clients are rapidly joining the party, such as wireless pdas, cell phones, and other specialized

devices.

让我们以定义网络应用这一术语来开始这一章。

我们会经常看到常规的客户端应用，但是确切的讲什么是网络应用呢？

网络应用可以很广泛地定义为一个

用户通过通用的廋客户端访问运行于服务器的应用程序。

今天，最普通的客户端是位于一台个人电脑或者服务器上网络浏览器，

但是其他种类的客户端正迅速地加入到这个队列里来，

比如无线通讯的个人手持终端，手机和其他专用设备。

the lofty goal here is to access all the information and services you need from any type of

device that happens to be in front of you. this means that the same simple client program

must be able to talk to many different server applications, and the applications must be able to

work with many different types of clients. to satisfy this need, the protocol of how a client

and a server talk to each other must be defined in detail. that's exactly what the hypertext

transport protocol (http) is for.

这里的最终目标是从当前你手边的各种设备获取你当前需要的所有信息和服务。

这就意味着相同的客户端程序必须能够访问各种不同的服务器端应用程序。

于此同时，这些应用程序必须能够在各种不同的客户端运行。

为了满足这种需要，一个客户端与一个服务器端如何交互的协议必须要很详细地定义。

这就是我们要讲的超文本传输协议(http)。

the communication model defined by http forms the foundation for all web application

design. a basic understanding of http is key to developing applications that fit within the

constraints of the protocol, no matter which server-side technology you use. in this chapter,

we look at the most important details of http you need to be aware of as a web application

developer.

通过htp定义的传输模式组成了所有网络应用设计的基础。

无论你使用的是哪一种服务器端技术，

对http进行一个基本的了解是在协议的限制下发展应用的关键。

在本章，作为一个网络应用，

我们关注于你需要去熟悉的关于http协议最重要的细节。

one other item: this book is about using jsp as the server-side technology, so that's what we'll

focus on. as you saw in chapter 1, jsp is based on the java servlet technology. both

technologies share a lot of terminology and concepts, so knowing a bit about servlets will help

you even when you develop pure jsp applications. to really understand and use the full

power of jsp, you need to know a fair bit about servlets. hence, we'll take a look at servlet

fundamentals in the last section of this chapter.

再介绍另一个术语：本书主要内容是关于如何使用javascript作为服务器端技术。

这是我们需要关注的。就如你在第一章看到的，javascript基于java 小服务程序，

这两种技术在一些术语和概念的定义上是一致的。

因此对java 小服务程序进行一点了解对你会有帮助，

甚至当你发展到调试纯的javascript应用程序。

为了真正的理解和发挥出jsp的全功能，

你必须对小服务程序进行一点了解。

因此，在本章的最后部分我们就来看一下小服务程序的基本概念。

server using the specified protocol. an http request message consists of three things: a

request line, request headers, and possibly a request body.

服务器使用特殊的协议，

一个http的请求信息包含一下三个部分：请求行，请求报头，还有一个可选的请求消息主体。

the request line starts with the request method name, followed by a resource identifier and

the protocol version used by the browser:

get /index.html http/1.0

请求行以请求方式名称开始。紧接着是资源定位符和浏览器使用的协议版本：get /index.html http/1.0

the most commonly used request method is named get. as the name implies, a get request

is used to retrieve a resource from the server. it's the default request method, so if you type a

url in the browser's address field, or click on a link, the request will be sent as a get request

to the server.

最常用的请求方式是“get”。

顾名思义，一个“get”请求用于从服务器端检索一个资源，

它是默认的请求方式。

因此如果在你浏览器的地址栏输入一个url(统一资源定位符)地址，请求将会作为一个“get”的方式发送给服务器。

the request headers provide additional information the server may use to process the request.

the message body is included only in some types of requests, like the post request discussed

later.

请求报头提供服务器也许会用于传输请求的附加信息，消息主体只包含某种请求，比如稍后要谈到的post请求。

here's an example of a valid http request message:

这是一个有效的http请求信息的例子