一、前言
这里简单讲述一下如何快速使用springmvc和spring data jpa搭建后台开发工程，并提供了一个简单的demo作为参考。
二、创建maven工程
http://www.cnblogs.com/hujunzheng/p/5450255.html
三、配置文件说明
1.application.properties
jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springdata?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8 jdbc.username=root jdbc.password=123456 jdbc.pool.initialSize=5 jdbc.pool.maxActive=300 jdbc.pool.maxIdle=10 jdbc.pool.minIdle=8 jdbc.pool.maxWait=60000 jdbc.pool.minEvictableIdleTimeMillis=6000 jdbc.pool.removeAbandoned=true jdbc.pool.removeAbandonedTimeout=120 jdbc.pool.logAbandoned=true jdbc.pool.testOnBorrow=true jdbc.pool.testWhileIdle=true jdbc.pool.validationQuery=select 1 from dual jdbc.pool.validationQueryTimeout=1 jdbc.pool.timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis=30000 jdbc.pool.numTestsPerEvictionRun=300
配置数据库连接的常用属性
2.spring公共配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd"default-lazy-init="true"><description>Spring公共配置</description><bean id="propertyConfigurer"class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer"><property name="locations"><list><value>/WEB-INF/config/application.properties</value></list></property></bean><bean id="configProperties"class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertiesFactoryBean"><property name="locations"><list><value>/WEB-INF/config/application.properties</value></list></property></bean><!-- 使用annotation 自动注册bean, 并保证@Required、@Autowired的属性被注入 --><context:component-scan base-package="com.hjz"><context:exclude-filter type="annotation"expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" /><context:exclude-filter type="annotation"expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice" /></context:component-scan> </beans>
配置configProperties（可以在xml文件中读取application.properties中属性）,当然换成<context:property-placeholder location="application.properties"/>更简洁一些。还有就是使用annotation 自动注册bean, 并保证@Required、@Autowired的属性被注入，这里排除了Controller注解类的扫描。
3.spring mvc配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd"><context:component-scan base-package="com.hjz"use-default-filters="false"><context:include-filter type="annotation"expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" /><context:include-filter type="annotation"expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice" /></context:component-scan><mvc:annotation-driven><mvc:message-converters register-defaults="true"><bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter"><constructor-arg value="UTF-8" /><property name="writeAcceptCharset" value="false" /></bean><bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter"><property name="prettyPrint" value="true" /></bean></mvc:message-converters></mvc:annotation-driven><beanclass="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"><property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/" /><property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /></bean><!-- 静态资源访问 --><mvc:resources location="/WEB-INF/img/" mapping="/img/**"/> <mvc:resources location="/WEB-INF/js/" mapping="/js/**"/> <mvc:resources location="/WEB-INF/css/" mapping="/css/**"/> <mvc:default-servlet-handler /></beans>
配置对Controller注解类的扫描，消息转换器（针对String和Json的解析），视图解析器（这里只配置了jsp的视图解析器），静态资源的访问映射。
4.spring data jpa配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beanshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.3.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd"default-lazy-init="true"><!-- 数据源配置, 使用Tomcat JDBC连接池 --><bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"destroy-method="close"><property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}" /><property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" /><property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}" /><property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" /><!--initialSize: 初始化连接 --><property name="initialSize" value="${jdbc.pool.initialSize}" /><!--maxActive: 最大连接数量 --><property name="maxActive" value="${jdbc.pool.maxActive}" /><!--minIdle: 最小空闲连接 --><property name="minIdle" value="${jdbc.pool.minIdle}" /><!--maxIdle: 最大空闲连接 --><property name="maxIdle" value="${jdbc.pool.maxIdle}" /><!--maxWait: 超时等待时间以毫秒为单位 --><property name="maxWait" value="${jdbc.pool.maxWait}" /><!-- 连接被泄露时是否打印 --><property name="logAbandoned" value="${jdbc.pool.logAbandoned}" /><!--removeAbandoned: 是否自动回收超时连接 --><property name="removeAbandoned" value="${jdbc.pool.removeAbandoned}" /><!--removeAbandonedTimeout: 超时时间(以秒数为单位) --><property name="removeAbandonedTimeout" value="${jdbc.pool.removeAbandonedTimeout}" /><!-- 连接在池中保持空闲而不被空闲连接回收器线程(如果有)回收的最小时间值，单位毫秒 --><property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis" value="${jdbc.pool.minEvictableIdleTimeMillis}" /><property name="testOnBorrow" value="${jdbc.pool.testOnBorrow}" /><property name="testWhileIdle" value="${jdbc.pool.testWhileIdle}" /><property name="validationQuery" value="${jdbc.pool.validationQuery}" /><property name="validationQueryTimeout" value="${jdbc.pool.validationQueryTimeout}" /><property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis" value="${jdbc.pool.timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis}" /><property name="numTestsPerEvictionRun" value="${jdbc.pool.numTestsPerEvictionRun}" /></bean><!-- Jpa Entity Manager 配置 --><bean id="entityManagerFactory"class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean"><property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /><property name="jpaVendorAdapter" ref="hibernateJpaVendorAdapter" /><property name="packagesToScan"><array><value>com.hjz</value></array></property><property name="jpaProperties"><props><!-- 命名规则 My_NAME->MyName --><prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</prop><prop key="hibernate.ejb.naming_strategy">org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy</prop><prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop></props></property></bean><!-- Spring Data Jpa配置 --><jpa:repositories base-package="com.hjz"transaction-manager-ref="transactionManager"entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactory"factory-class="com.hjz.dao.impl.BaseDaoFactoryBean"></jpa:repositories><bean id="hibernateJpaVendorAdapter"class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter"><property name="databasePlatform"><bean factory-method="getDialect"class="org.springside.modules.persistence.Hibernates"><constructor-arg ref="dataSource" /></bean></property></bean><!-- Jpa 事务配置 --><bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager"><property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory" /></bean><!-- 使用annotation定义事务 --><tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"proxy-target-class="true" /><bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate"><property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property></bean></beans>
数据源配置, 使用Tomcat JDBC连接池；Jpa Entity Manager 配置；Spring Data Jpa repository 自定义工厂配置。
5.web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" version="3.0"><display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name><welcome-file-list><welcome-file>/WEB-INF/views/index.html</welcome-file></welcome-file-list><context-param><param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name><param-value>/WEB-INF/config/applicationContext.xml,/WEB-INF/config/applicationContext-jpa.xml</param-value></context-param><context-param><param-name>spring.profiles.default</param-name><param-value>production</param-value></context-param><filter><filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name><filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class><init-param><param-name>encoding</param-name><param-value>UTF-8</param-value></init-param><init-param><param-name>forceEncoding</param-name><param-value>true</param-value></init-param></filter><filter-mapping><filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name><url-pattern>/*</url-pattern></filter-mapping><filter><filter-name>accessControlFilter</filter-name><filter-class>com.hjz.filter.AccessControlFilter</filter-class></filter><filter-mapping><filter-name>accessControlFilter</filter-name><url-pattern>/*</url-pattern></filter-mapping><listener><listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class></listener><filter><filter-name>openEntityManagerInViewFilter</filter-name><filter-class>org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.OpenEntityManagerInViewFilter</filter-class></filter><filter-mapping><filter-name>openEntityManagerInViewFilter</filter-name><url-pattern>/*</url-pattern></filter-mapping><servlet><servlet-name>springServlet</servlet-name><servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class><init-param><param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name><param-value>/WEB-INF/config/spring-mvc-config.xml</param-value></init-param><load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup></servlet><servlet-mapping><servlet-name>springServlet</servlet-name><url-pattern>/</url-pattern></servlet-mapping><session-config><session-timeout>20</session-timeout></session-config><error-page><exception-type>java.lang.Throwable</exception-type><location>/WEB-INF/views/error/500.jsp</location></error-page><error-page><error-code>500</error-code><location>/WEB-INF/views/error/500.jsp</location></error-page><error-page><error-code>404</error-code><location>/WEB-INF/views/error/404.jsp</location></error-page> </web-app>
配置welcome-file-list，contextConfigLocation，encodingFilter，accessControlFilter（解决跨域访问），openEntityManagerInViewFilter（将一个JPAsession与一次完整的请求过程对应的线程相绑定，session在整个view层结束后才关闭。），Spring ContextLoaderListener，Spring MVC DispatcherServlet。
四、spring data jpa自定义repository工厂
1.基础实体类
package com.hjz.entity;import org.hibernate.annotations.GenericGenerator;import javax.persistence.Column; import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue; import javax.persistence.Id; import javax.persistence.MappedSuperclass; import java.io.Serializable; import java.sql.Timestamp;@MappedSuperclass public abstract class AbsIdEntity implements Serializable {private static final long serialVersionUID = 7988377299341530426L;public final static int IS_DELETE_YES = 1;// 标记删除public final static int IS_DELETE_NO = 0;// 未删除,保留的@Id@GenericGenerator(name="uuid", strategy="uuid")@GeneratedValue(generator="uuid")protected String id;@Column(name = "creationtime")protected Timestamp creationTimestamp = new Timestamp(System.currentTimeMillis());@Column(name = "lastmodifiedtime")protected Timestamp modificationTimestamp = new Timestamp(System.currentTimeMillis());@Column(name = "dr")protected int dr;// 是否删除。0:未删除;1:已删除/*** 主键，对应id字段*/public String getId() { return id; }public void setId(String id) { this.id = id; }/*** 创建日期，对应ts_insert字段*/public Timestamp getCreationTimestamp() { return creationTimestamp; }public void setCreationTimestamp(Timestamp creationTimestamp) { this.creationTimestamp = creationTimestamp; }/*** 修改日期，对应ts_update字段*/public Timestamp getModificationTimestamp() { return modificationTimestamp; }public void setModificationTimestamp(Timestamp modificationTimestamp) { this.modificationTimestamp = modificationTimestamp; }/*** 是否删除，对应dr字段* @return*/public int getDr() {return dr;}public void setDr(int dr) {this.dr = dr;}}
首先说明，所有的实体类都会继承 基础实体类 AbsIdEntity。
对应的VO类
package com.hjz.vo;import java.io.Serializable;public class PersonVO extends SuperVO implements Serializable{private static final long serialVersionUID = -4745138914786180462L;private String name;private int age;public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public int getAge() {return age;}public void setAge(int age) {this.age = age;} }
2.自定义工厂
package com.hjz.dao.impl;import java.io.Serializable; import javax.persistence.EntityManager; import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository; import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.support.JpaRepositoryFactory; import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.support.JpaRepositoryFactoryBean; import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.support.SimpleJpaRepository; import org.springframework.data.repository.core.RepositoryInformation; import org.springframework.data.repository.core.RepositoryMetadata; import org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryFactorySupport;import com.hjz.entity.AbsIdEntity;public class BaseDaoFactoryBean<R extends JpaRepository<T, Serializable>, T extends AbsIdEntity> extends JpaRepositoryFactoryBean<R, T, Serializable> {@Overrideprotected RepositoryFactorySupport createRepositoryFactory(final EntityManager entityManager) {return new JpaRepositoryFactory(entityManager) {protected SimpleJpaRepository<T, Serializable> getTargetRepository(RepositoryInformation information, EntityManager entityManager) {return new BaseDaoImpl((Class<T>) information.getDomainType(), entityManager);}@Overrideprotected Class<?> getRepositoryBaseClass(RepositoryMetadata metadata) {return BaseDaoImpl.class;}};} }
工厂中返回的自定义的JpaRepository, 如下。
3.自定义JpaRepository
package com.hjz.dao.impl;import java.io.Serializable; import java.sql.Timestamp;import javax.persistence.EntityManager;import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.support.JpaEntityInformation; import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.support.SimpleJpaRepository; import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;import com.hjz.dao.BaseDao; import com.hjz.entity.AbsIdEntity; @Transactional public class BaseDaoImpl<T extends AbsIdEntity> extends SimpleJpaRepository<T, Serializable> implements BaseDao<T> {private final EntityManager entityManager;public BaseDaoImpl(Class<T> domainClass, EntityManager entityManager) {super(domainClass, entityManager);this.entityManager = entityManager;}public BaseDaoImpl(JpaEntityInformation<T, Serializable> information, EntityManager entityManager){super(information, entityManager);this.entityManager = entityManager;}@Overridepublic <S extends T> S save(S entity) {entity.setModificationTimestamp(new Timestamp(System.currentTimeMillis()));return super.save(entity);}//进行逻辑删除 @Overridepublic void delete(T entity) {entity.setDr(1);save(entity);}@Overridepublic void delete(Serializable id) {T entity = findOne(id);entity.setDr(1);this.save(entity);}}
重写了删除方法，这里做逻辑删除。
五、后台开发模式
1.实体类
package com.hjz.entity;import java.io.Serializable;import javax.persistence.Column; import javax.persistence.Entity; import javax.persistence.Table;@Entity @Table(name = "person") public class PersonEntity extends AbsIdEntity implements Serializable{private static final long serialVersionUID = -1649223236097252346L;@Column(name = "name")private String name;@Column(name = "age")private int age;public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public int getAge() {return age;}public void setAge(int age) {this.age = age;} }
实体对应的VO
package com.hjz.vo;import java.io.Serializable;public class PersonVO extends SuperVO implements Serializable{private static final long serialVersionUID = -4745138914786180462L;private String name;private int age;public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public int getAge() {return age;}public void setAge(int age) {this.age = age;} }
2.repository类
package com.hjz.dao;import java.util.List;import javax.transaction.Transactional;import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Modifying; import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query;import com.hjz.entity.PersonEntity;public interface PersonDao extends BaseDao<PersonEntity>{@Query(value = "select * from person where dr = 0", nativeQuery = true)List<PersonEntity> findAllPersons();@Query(value = "select * from person where dr = 0 and id = ?1", nativeQuery = true)PersonEntity findOneById(String id);@Transactional@Modifying@Query(value = "update PersonEntity set dr = 1 where id in (?1)")int deletePersons(List<String> ids); }
3.service类
package com.hjz.service;import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List;import javax.persistence.criteria.CriteriaBuilder; import javax.persistence.criteria.CriteriaQuery; import javax.persistence.criteria.Predicate; import javax.persistence.criteria.Root;import org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.data.domain.Page; import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable; import org.springframework.data.jpa.domain.Specification; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import com.hjz.dao.PersonDao; import com.hjz.entity.PersonEntity; import com.hjz.vo.PersonVO;@Service public class PersonService {@Autowiredprivate PersonDao personDao;public List<PersonVO> findAllPersons(){List<PersonVO> listVO = new ArrayList<>();List<PersonEntity> listEntity = personDao.findAllPersons();for(PersonEntity entity : listEntity) {PersonVO vo = new PersonVO();BeanUtils.copyProperties(entity, vo);listVO.add(vo);}return listVO;}public List<PersonVO> findPageablePersons(Pageable pageable){List<PersonVO> listVO = new ArrayList<>();Page<PersonEntity> pageEntity = personDao.findAll(new Specification<PersonEntity>() {@Overridepublic Predicate toPredicate(Root<PersonEntity> root, CriteriaQuery<?> query, CriteriaBuilder cb) {return cb.equal(root.get("dr").as(Integer.class), 0);}}, pageable);for (PersonEntity entity : pageEntity) {PersonVO personVO = new PersonVO();BeanUtils.copyProperties(entity, personVO);listVO.add(personVO);}return listVO;}public long count() {return personDao.count(new Specification<PersonEntity>() {@Overridepublic Predicate toPredicate(Root<PersonEntity> root, CriteriaQuery<?> query, CriteriaBuilder cb) {return cb.equal(root.get("dr").as(Integer.class), 0);}});}public PersonVO findOnePerson(String id){PersonVO vo = new PersonVO();PersonEntity entity = personDao.findOneById(id);BeanUtils.copyProperties(entity, vo);return vo;}public void deleteOnePerson(String id) {personDao.delete(id);}public PersonVO save(PersonVO vo){PersonEntity entity = new PersonEntity();BeanUtils.copyProperties(vo, entity);personDao.save(entity);BeanUtils.copyProperties(entity, vo);return vo;}public void deletePersons(List<String> ids) {personDao.deletePersons(ids);} }
4.controller类
package com.hjz.controller;import java.util.List;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.data.domain.PageRequest; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject; import com.hjz.code.ReturnCode; import com.hjz.page.PagableResponse; import com.hjz.service.PersonService; import com.hjz.vo.PersonVO;@Controller @RequestMapping(value = "person") public class PersonController {@Autowiredprivate PersonService personService;@RequestMapping(value = "save", method = RequestMethod.POST)@ResponseBodypublic JSONObject save(@RequestBody PersonVO personVO){JSONObject ret = new JSONObject();try {personService.save(personVO);ret.put("msg", "保存成功!");ret.put("code", ReturnCode.SUCCESS);} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();ret.put("msg", "保存失败!");ret.put("code", ReturnCode.FAILURE);}return ret;}@RequestMapping(value = "del")@ResponseBodypublic JSONObject del(@RequestParam(value="id") String id){JSONObject ret = new JSONObject();try {personService.deleteOnePerson(id);ret.put("msg", "删除成功!");ret.put("code", ReturnCode.SUCCESS);} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();ret.put("msg", "删除失败!");ret.put("code", ReturnCode.FAILURE);}return ret;}@RequestMapping(value = "delBatch", method = RequestMethod.POST)@ResponseBodypublic JSONObject delBatch(@RequestParam("ids") List<String> ids){JSONObject ret = new JSONObject();try {personService.deletePersons(ids);ret.put("msg", "批量删除成功!");ret.put("code", ReturnCode.SUCCESS);} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();ret.put("msg", "批量删除失败!");ret.put("code", ReturnCode.FAILURE);}return ret;}@RequestMapping(value = "page")public ModelAndView page(@RequestParam("pageNumber") int pageNumber, @RequestParam("pageSize") int pageSize) {PageRequest pageRequest = new PageRequest(pageNumber-1, pageSize);PagableResponse<PersonVO> response = new PagableResponse<PersonVO>();response.setPageNumber(pageNumber);response.setPageSize(pageSize);try {List<PersonVO> data = personService.findPageablePersons(pageRequest);long count = personService.count();response.setList(data);response.setCount(count);response.setCode(ReturnCode.SUCCESS);response.setMsg("获取人员信息成功！");} catch(Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();response.setCode(ReturnCode.FAILURE);response.setMsg("获取人员信息失败！"); }return new ModelAndView("person", "page", response);} }
六、前端开发
简单的使用jquery及其一些插件完成了数据的分页（jquery.paginate.js），数据的新增，删除（批量删除）等操作。具体的页面代码请看完整项目。演示效果如下图所示。
七、完整项目
https://github.com/hjzgg/springmvcAndSpringDataJpa
