在SpringBoot中对RabbitMQ三种使用方式

基于API的方式

1.使用AmqpAdmin定制消息发送组件

     @Autowiredprivate AmqpAdmin amqpAdmin;@Testpublic void amqpAdmin(){//1.定义fanout类型的交换器amqpAdmin.declareExchange(new FanoutExchange("fanout_exchange"));//2.定义两个默认持久化队列,分别处理email和smsamqpAdmin.declareQueue(new Queue("fanout_queue_email"));amqpAdmin.declareQueue(new Queue("fanout_queue_sms"));//3.将队列分别与交换器进行绑定//               队列名             是队列                                 交换机的名称           路由         其它参数amqpAdmin.declareBinding(new Binding("fanout_queue_email",Binding.DestinationType.QUEUE,"fanout_exchange","",null));amqpAdmin.declareBinding(new Binding("fanout_queue_sms",Binding.DestinationType.QUEUE,"fanout_exchange","",null));}

2.消息发送者发送消息

创建实体类

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class User {private Integer id;private String name;}

发送消息

    @Autowiredprivate RabbitTemplate re;@Test//消息发送者public void subPublisher(){User user = new User(1,"小满");re.convertAndSend("fanout_exchange", "", user);}

如图所以,如果我们直接发送的话就会报这个错,有两种解决方法,第一种是比较常用的让实体类User实现序列化Serializable接口,这里我们不做演示,第二种是写一个配置类,只有在RabbitMQ可以使用

import org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.Jackson2JsonMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.MessageConverter;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;@Configuration
public class RabbitMQConfig {//定制JSON格式的消息转化器@Beanpublic MessageConverter messageConverter(){return new Jackson2JsonMessageConverter();}}

加上配置类后我们发送就不会报错了,我们也可以在RabbitMQ的可视化端口看到我们发送的消息

3.发送完消息后接下来就是消费消息了,定义接收消息的业务

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;@Service
public class RabbitMQService {//发布订阅模式: @RabbitListener可以指定当前方法监控哪一个队列@RabbitListener(queues = "fanout_queue_email")//消费者可以消费多个队列的消息 public void subConsumerEmail(Message message){//当队列中有内容是方法会自动执行   推荐Object来接收//官网推荐Messagebyte[] body = message.getBody();//Message将数据存放在body中String msg = new String(body);System.out.println("邮件业务接收到消息:"+msg);}@RabbitListener(queues = "fanout_queue_sms") public void subConsumerSms(Message message){byte[] body = message.getBody();String msg = new String(body);System.out.println("短信业务接收到消息:"+msg);}
}

4.重新运行发送端就可以接收到我们发送的数据,接收的数据可能打印在任意一个控制台中,这是idea的机制,我们不需要管

基于配置类的方式

1.在config配置类中定义


import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.Jackson2JsonMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.MessageConverter;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;@Configuration
public class RabbitMQConfig {//定制JSON格式的消息转化器@Beanpublic MessageConverter messageConverter(){return new Jackson2JsonMessageConverter();}// 1.fanout创建一个交换机@Beanpublic Exchange fanoutExchange(){return ExchangeBuilder.fanoutExchange("fanout_exchange").build();}//2.定义消息队列@Beanpublic Queue fanoutQueueEmail(){return new Queue("fanout_queue_email");}@Beanpublic Queue fanoutQueueSms(){return new Queue("fanout_queue_sms");}//3.将创建的队列绑定到对应的交换机上@Beanpublic Binding bingingEmail(){return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueueEmail()).to(fanoutExchange()).with("").noargs();}@Beanpublic Binding bingingSms(){return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueueSms()).to(fanoutExchange()).with("").noargs();}}

2.为了避免api的影响,我们可以在可视化端口将基于api创建的交换机和队列删除

1)删除交换机

2)删除队列,前面也是点击队列的名字

可以看到我已经将交换机和消息队列都已经删除,接下来我们重新启动项目 ,配置类可以在启动的时候自动创建

我们的订阅发布模式也是可以正常运行

基于注解类的方式

1.我们要现将基于配置类的方式注释掉,避免影响我们测试

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;@Service
public class RabbitMQService { @RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(value = @Queue("fanout_queue_email"),exchange=@Exchange(value = "fanout_exchange",type = "fanout")))public void subConsumerEmail(Message message){//当队列中有内容是方法会自动执行   推荐Object来接收//官网推荐Messagebyte[] body = message.getBody();//Message将数据存放在body中String msg = new String(body);System.out.println("邮件业务接收到消息:"+msg);}@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(value = @Queue("fanout_queue_sms"),exchange=@Exchange(value = "fanout_exchange",type = "fanout")))public void subConsumerSms(Message message){byte[] body = message.getBody();String msg = new String(body);System.out.println("短信业务接收到消息:"+msg);}
}

提前将交换机和队列删除,然后运行,就会发现会在启动时会自动生成交换机和队列,测试也不会有影响