一、Feign简介
Feign是一个声明式的伪Http客户端,它使得写Http客户端变得更简单。使用Feign,只需要创建一个接口并注解。它具有可插拔的注解特性,可使用Feign 注解和JAX-RS注解。Feign支持可插拔的编码器和解码器。Feign默认集成了Ribbon,并和Eureka结合,默认实现了负载均衡的效果。
简而言之:
- Feign 采用的是基于接口的注解
- Feign 整合了ribbon,具有负载均衡的能力
- 整合了Hystrix,具有熔断的能力
二、准备工作
继续用上一节的工程
- 启动eureka-server,端口为8761;
- 启动service-hi 两次,端口分别为8762 、8773
简述:
- 1个eureka服务注册中心
- 2个发布服务的服务端
三、创建一个feign的服务
-
新建一个spring-boot工程,取名为serice-feign
-
在它的pom文件引入Feign的起步依赖spring-cloud-starter-feign
-
Eureka的启动依赖spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client
-
Web的启动依赖spring-boot-starter-web
第一步:代码如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><parent><groupId>com.gblfy</groupId><artifactId>sc-f-chapter3</artifactId><version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version></parent><groupId>com.gblfy</groupId><artifactId>service-feign</artifactId><version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version><name>service-feign</name><description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId></dependency></dependencies>
</project>
第2步:在工程的配置文件application.yml文件:
应用名称 | service-feign |
---|---|
端口号 | 8765 |
服务注册地址 | http://localhost:8761/eureka/ |
-
指定应用名称为service-feign,端口号为8765,
-
服务注册地址为http://localhost:8761/eureka/
-
代码如下:
eureka:client:serviceUrl:defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
server:port: 8765
spring:application:name: service-feign
第3步:在程序的启动类ServiceFeignApplication ,加上@EnableFeignClients在注解开启Feign的功能:
package com.gblfy.servicefeign;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableFeignClients
public class ServiceFeignApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(ServiceFeignApplication.class, args);}}
第4步:定义一个feign接口,通过@ FeignClient(“服务名”),
- 来指定调用哪个服务
- 比如:在代码中调用了service-hi服务的“/hi”接口,
- 代码如下:
@FeignClient(value = "service-hi")
public interface SchedualServiceHi {@GetMapping(value = "/hi")String sayHiFromClientOne(@RequestParam(value = "name") String name);}
第5步:在Web层的controller层,对外暴露一个"/hi"的API接口,通过上面定义的Feign客户端SchedualServiceHi 来消费服务。
代码如下:
@RestController
public class HiController {@AutowiredSchedualServiceHi schedualServiceHi;@GetMapping(value = "/hi")public String sayHi(@RequestParam String name) {return schedualServiceHi.sayHiFromClientOne(name);}
// 测试链接:http://localhost:8765/hi?name=gblfy
}
启动程序,多次访问http://localhost:8765/hi?name=gblfy,
浏览器交替显示:
hi gblfy,i am from port:8762
hi gblfy,i am from port:8763
本文源码下载:
dev分支(最新企业实战版本):
https://github.com/gb-heima/springcloud-practical-column/tree/dev/sc-f-chapter3
master分支(入门版本):
https://github.com/gb-heima/springcloud-practical-column/tree/master/sc-f-chapter3