形容词与副词(二)
比较的用法
- 语法解释
1、形容词与副词比较级和最高级的规则变化
单音节词与部分双音节词：
(1)一般情况加-er，-est
long-longer-longest
strong-stronger-strongest
clean-cleaner-cleanest
(2)以不发音的e结尾的词，加-r，-st
nice-nicer -nicest
wide-wider-widest
nice-nicer-nicest
(3)重读闭音节(辅+元+辅)结构结尾的词，双写末尾字母再加-er，-est
big-bigger-biggest
thin-thinner-thinnest
fat-fatter-fattest
(4)以辅音字母加y结尾的词，改y为i再加-er，-est
easy-easier-easiest
friendly-friendlier-friendliest
heavy-heavier-heaviest
busy-busier-busiest
happy-happier-happiest
funny-funnier-funniest
部分双音节词及多音节词
在词前加more，most
serious-more serious-most serious
slowly-more slowly-most slowly
beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful
comfortably-more comfortably-most comfortably
注意:
simple、clever两种变形方式均可。
2、形容词与副词比较级和最高级的不规则变化
(1)常见不规则变化形式
good(好)-better-best
well(好地;身体健康的)-better-best
bad(坏的)-worse-worst
badly(坏地)-worse-worst
ill(有病的)-worse-worst
little(很少的;很少地)-less-least
many(多)much-more-most
much(多)much-more-most
far(远)-farther/further-farthest/furthest
old(老;旧)-older/elder-oldest/eldest
(2)older/oldest与elder/eldest
older/oldest既可用于人也可用于物，也可用于比较等级，elder/eldest则只用于指人，不用于指物，且不用于比较句型，通常置于名词前作定语，不作表语。“elder”还可以作名词表示“长者”。如：
This is the oldest temple in Taiwan.
这是台湾最老的寺庙。
My eldest aunt is three years older than my mother.
我最大的姨妈比我妈妈大三岁。
This is my elder brother and those are all our elders.
这是我哥哥，那些都是我们的长辈。
(3)farther/farthest与further/furthest
表示距离时，四个词都可用，“further”还可以表示“更进一步；(意义)更深远；更多；此外”等。“further”作动词表示“促进；推进”。如：
I can throw much farther/further than you.
我可以比你扔得更远。
I have nothing further to say.
我没有更多的要讲了。
We’ll further discuss it.
我们会进一步讨论它。
Her support furthered my career.
她的支持促进了我的事业。
3、原级比较
(1)as+原级+as 表示“和…一样…”。
English is as interesting as Chinese.
英语和汉语一样有趣。
(4)not as/so+原级+as表示“和…不一样…/不如…”。
The book isn’t as new as that one.
这本书不如那本书新。
She didn’t sing so well that night as she usually does.
她那晚唱歌唱得不如平时好。
(3)有时该结构可以被almost，just，nothing，like，exactly，not quite，twice，30 percent等修饰，注意这些修饰词必须置于第一个as之前，而不能置于其后。
The dining-room is twice as big as the kitchen.
餐厅是厨房的两倍大。
At best we can do only half as much as last year.
我们最多能完成去年工作量的一半。
(4)原级比较结构中的形容词有时还可修饰另一名词，但这个名词应带有不定冠词。
She is as good a cook as her mother.=She is a cook as good as her mother.
她和她妈妈一样是一位好厨师。
4、比较级用法
(1)A+be/动词+比较级+than B 表示“A比B更…”。
The lion is stronger than the antelope. 狮子比羚羊强壮。
We need to do better than others. 我们需要比别人做得更好。
(2)the+比较级+of the two(+名词)表示“两者中较…的那一个”。
It is the longer of the two streets.
这是两条街道中比较长的那一条。
(3)“比较级+and+比较级/more and more+原级”表示“越来越…”。more and more本身也可用于修饰动词，介词。
Winter comes and the weather gets colder and colder.
冬天到了，天变得越冷越冷。
Our school is more and more beautiful.
我们的学校越来越美丽了。
The little girl is growing to be more and more like her mother.
这个小姑娘长得越来越像她妈妈了。
(4)“the+比较级...，the+比较级”表示“越…，就越…”。
The harder you work, the more you will get.
你工作越努力，你得到的就会越多。
(5)含有or的选择疑问句，要用比较级。
Which language is more difficult, Chinese or English?
哪一种语言更难，中文还是英语？
(6)形容词/副词比较级前可用表示程度的副词修饰，如a little，a bit，a great deal，a lot，much，even，still，far，rather，any等。例如：much +比较级，表示“…得多”。very，quite一般只能修饰原级，不能修饰比较级。
China is much bigger than Japan.
中国比日本大得多。
(7)“no+比较级+than”结构，通常表示对比较的两个对象同时进行否定，表示“与…一样不”。如no better than=as bad as 与…一样不好(即一样坏)；no earlier than=as late as 与…一样不早(即一样迟)；no more than表示“仅仅。只不过”。
You are no more careful than he is.
你和他一样不仔细。
A half truth is often no better than a lie.
半真半假的话常常跟谎言一样糟。
I have no more than five yuan in my pocket.
我口袋里仅有五块钱。
This test takes no more than thirty minutes.
这个测验需时不超过30分钟。
The pub was no more than half full.
该酒吧的上座率最多不超过五成。
(8)表示倍数
倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as
This ruler is three times as long as that one.
这把尺子是那把尺子的三倍长。
倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than
This ruler is three times longer than that one.
这把尺子是那把尺子的三倍长。
倍数+the size/length/weight...+of+比较的对象
This ruler is three times the length of that one.
这把尺子是那把尺子的三倍长。
倍数+what引导从句
He eat three times what I eat.
他的食量是我的三倍。
(9)相关短语
more or less表示“几乎，差不多，大约，或多或少”。
The work is more or less finished.
工作基本上完成了。
It’s an hour’s journey, more or less.
大约有一个钟头的路程。
sooner or later表示“迟早，早晚，总有一天”。
You should tell her, because she’ll find out sooner or later.
你应该告诉她，因为她迟早会发觉的。
what's more表示“此外，还有，更有甚者”。
She says we could use her car, and what;s more, she’ll pay for the petrol.
她说我们可以用她的车，而且她还愿付汽油费。
5、最高级用法
(1)the+最高级(+名词)+表示范围的短语或从句
Jack is the tallest boy in our class.
杰克是我们班上最高的男生。
Linda draws (the) best in her class.
琳达班上她画得最好。
(2)“one of the+最高级+名词复数”表示“最...之一”。
China is one of the oldest countries in the world.
中国是世界上最古老的国家之一。
(3)形容词/副词最高级前面可以加序数词，表示“第几最…”。
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
黄河是中国第二长河。
(4)比较级表示最高级含义
比较级+than+any other+可数名词单数
She is taller than any other girl in her class.
她是他们班个子最高的女生。
比较级+than+all other+可数名词复数
This bag is more expensive than all other bags in the shop.
这个包是这家店里最贵的。
比较级+than+anything else/anyone else
Life is more valuable than anything else.
生命是最宝贵的东西。
比较级与否定词连用
I have never heard a better voice than yours.
你的嗓音是我听过的最好的嗓音。
(5)表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时，要用最高级。
Which subject do you learn best, geography, physics or Chinese?
你哪一个学科学得最好，地理，物理还是语文？
(6)最高级前无须加the的情况
副词最高级作状语时，the通常可省略。
He runs (the) fastest in his class.
他在他们班是跑得最快的。
It was Lily who do it most effectively.
最有效完成的人是Lily。
最高级前有序数词、物主代词、指示代词或名词所有格等限定词修饰时，无须加the
My oldest daughter is 16 years old.
我最大的女儿十六岁。
Hainan is China’s second largest island.
海南是中国第二大岛。
多个形容词最高级共同修饰同一名词时，第二个形容词最高级前不加the。
He is the youngest and tallest boy in his class.
他是他班里最小也是最高的男孩。
最高级用于加强语气，表“非常”时，前面不加the。但形容词最高级作单数名词的定语时，可用不定冠词a/an。
That book is most interesting.
那本书非常有趣。
The girl looks prettiest in white.
这个女孩穿白衣服最好看。
She is the candidate most likely to be elected.
她是最有可能入选的候选人。
Spring is a best season.
春天是个非常好的季节
作宾语补足语的形容词最高级前不加the。
I found it most difficult to get to sleep.
我发现入睡是最难的。
形容词最高级在句中作表语而比较范围又不明确时,最高级前不用the。
They are happiest on Saturdays.
他们在星期六最快乐.
在一些固定用法中
With best wishes for you.
向你致以最美好的祝愿.
练习
一、写出下列单词的比较级和最高级
serious _________________
friendly _________________
far _________________
badly_________________
hard _________________
little _________________
heavy _________________
heavily _________________
cheap _________________
much _________________
safe _________________
tired _________________
outgoing _________________
good _________________
thin _________________
comfortable _________________
many _________________
slowly _________________
funny _________________
quiet _________________
二、单项选择
1.—Which of the two cars will you buy?
—The ______ one.I don’t have much money.
A.cheap B.expensive
C.cheaper D.more expensive
2.—Remember this, children.______ careful you are, ______mistakes you will make.
—Yes,Miss Gao.
A.The more;the fewer
B.The more;the few
C.The more;the less
D.The much;the fewer
3.—Mum,could you buy me a dress like this?
—Of course.We can buy _____ one than this,but ____ it.
A.a better;better than
B.a popular;as good as
C.a more popular;not as good as
D.a cheaper;as good as
4.The actress is already 50,but she looks _____ than she really is.
A.young
B.more young
C.more younger
D.much younger
5.—Tom,what do you think of the school?
—Oh,no other school is ____ in the city. It’s ____ one.
A.better;a better
B.the best;the best
C.better;the best
D.the best;a better
6.Now,blogs are ______ traditional diaries among young people.Everyone in my class has a blog.
A.very popular
B.as popular as
C.not so popular as
D.much more popular than
7.—What do you think of the film you saw yesterday?
—Oh! It’s one of _______ films I’ve ever seen.
A.interesting
B.more interesting
C.most interesting
D.the most interesting
8.—Peter is ____ than you,right?
—Yes,but he is____ runner in our class.
A.heavier;best
B.heavy;the best
C.heavier;the best
D.heavy;better
9.We are glad to see that our hometown is developing ______ these years than ever before.
A.quickly B.less quickly
C.more quickly D.the most quickly
10.The Yangtze River is one of ____ in the world.
A.the longest rivers
B.the longest river
C.longer rivers
D.longer river
11.Do you believe some special dogs can do things ________ man?
A.as good as
B.as well as
C.as soon as
D.as careful as
12.Of the two sisters，Lucy is ______ one，and she is also the one who loves to be quiet.
A.a younger B.a youngest
C.the younger D.the youngest
13.The weather is becoming________ .
A.hotter and hotter
B.more hot and hot
C.hoter and hoter
D.more and more hot
14.—It’s smoggy these days. That’s terrible!
—Yes.I hope to plant trees.______ trees，______ air pollution.
A.The more，the fewer
B.The less，the more
C.The less，the fewer
D.The more，the less
15.The old man is looking at his granddaughter ______. He has not seen her for a long time.
A.happy B.happily
C.happier D.the happiest
16.Mary felt ill on Monday, and ________ the following day, so she went to see a doctor.
A.badly B.worse C.worst D.more ill
17.________ you work, ________ you will do.
A.Harder；better
B.The harder；the worse
C.Hardest；best
D.The harder；the better
18.The turkey tastes ____ the chicken.
A.as better as B.much better than C.as well as D.the best to
19.With the help of German experts, the factory produced ____ cars in 1993 as the year before.
A.as twice many
B.as many as twice
C.as twice as many
D.twice as many
20.If you decide on the date to leave Shanghai, please tell me ____ possible.
A.as fast as
B.as quickly as
C.as swiftly as
D.as soon as
21.People prefer to send e-mail than to post letters because e-mail are much ____ than letters.
A.fast and convenient
B.faster and convenient
C.fast and more convenient
D.faster and more convenient
22.The Mars is far ____ to us than the Pluto (冥王星). We wish we could live on it one day.
A.close B.closer C.closest D.the closest
23.The turkey smelt ____ the chicken wings.
A.as delicious as
B.as deliciously as
C.much delicious than
D.more deliciously than
24.Please listen as ____ as possible so that you won’t make any mistakes.
A.careful B.much carefully
C.more carefully D.carefully
25.In my opinion, the Summer Palace looks ____ than Bei Hai Park.
A.beautiful B.more beautiful
C.beautifully D.more beautifully
三、用括号内的单词的正确形式填空
1. The ______________ (little) you do, the ______________ (bad) the results will be.
2. Alice writes ______________ (careful) than I.
3. Which film is ______________ (interesting), this one or that one?
4. That was one of ______________ ( exciting) moments in 2008.
5. This kind of food must be ______________ ( delicious) than that one.
6. Beihai park is one of ______________ (beautiful ) parks in Beijing.
7. Who’s ______________ (careful), Tom,Jim or Kate?
8. That is ______________ (easy) of all.
9. He is ______________ (clever ) boy in the class.
10. It is ______________ (good) to teach a man to fish than to give him fish.
11. She is ______________ (pretty) girl in the group.
12. Can you show me ______________ (near) shop here?
13. This bridge is as ______________ ( long) as that one, but it is much ______________ (wide) than that one.
14. I think English is one of _______________ (important ) subjects in middle school.
15. I have nothing ______________ (far) to say.
16. Tracy is my ______________ (old) sister.
17. The boy is not so _____________ (interesting) as his brother.
18. She will be much ______________ (happy) in her new house
19. John’s parents have four daughters, and she is ______________ (young) child
20. Many students go abroad to ______________ (far) their studies.
参考答案
一、
serious-more serious-most serious
friendly-friendlier-friendliest
far-farther/further-farthest/furthest
badly-worse-worst
hard-harder-hardest
little-less-least
heavy-heavier-heaviest
heavily-more heavily-most heavily
cheap-cheaper-cheapest
much-more-most
safe-safer-safest
tired-more tired-most tired
thin-thinner-thinnest
comfortable-more comfortable-most comfortable
many-more-most
slowly-more slowly-most slowly
funny-funnier-funniest
quiet-quieter-quietest
二、
1-5 CADDC 6-10 DDCCA 11-15 BCADB 16-20 BDBDD 21-25 DBADB
三、
1. less, worse 2. more carefully 3. more interesting 4. the most exciting 5. more delicious 6. the most beautiful 7. the most careful 8. easiest 9. the cleverest 10. better 11. the prettiest 12. the nearest 13. long, wider 14. the most important 15. further 16. elder 17. interesting 18. happier 19. the youngest 20. further
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