我有一个可怕的情况，我必须在救援的Debian Linux中从损坏的RAID系统中恢复数据。我只想以只读方式将它们全部挂载到/ mnt / rescue，以便能够将VMWare GSX映像复制到另一台计算机上，并稍后将它们迁移到ESXi。相关命令的输出如下。
fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 1500.3 GB, 1500301910016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 182401 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0005e687
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 1 523 4200997 fd Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sda2 524 785 2104515 fd Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sda3 786 182401 1458830520 fd Linux raid autodetect
Disk /dev/sdb: 1500.3 GB, 1500301910016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 182401 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00014fc7
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 523 4200997 fd Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sdb2 524 785 2104515 fd Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sdb3 786 182401 1458830520 fd Linux raid autodetect
Disk /dev/md0: 4301 MB, 4301717504 bytes
2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 1050224 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/md0 doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/md1: 2154 MB, 2154954752 bytes
2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 526112 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/md1 doesn't contain a valid partition table
我试图按以下方式安装磁盘。
mount -o ro /dev/sda1 /mnt/rescue
然后我得到以下错误。
mount: unknown filesystem type 'linux_raid_member'
猜测文件系统也不顺利。
mount -o ro -t ext3 /dev/sda1 /mnt/rescue/
mount: /dev/sda1 already mounted or /mnt/rescue/ busy
因此，我尝试如下创建虚拟设备。
mdadm -A -R /dev/md9 /dev/sda1
这将导致以下消息。
mdadm: cannot open device /dev/sda1: Device or resource busy
mdadm: /dev/sda1 has no superblock - assembly aborted
现在我迷路了，我不知道如何恢复磁盘并取回数据。以下是所有3个磁盘的mda --examine输出(我认为应该是3x raid1磁盘)。
/ dev / sda1：
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 0.90.00
UUID : 6708215c:6bfe075b:776c2c25:004bd7b2 (local to host rescue)
Creation Time : Mon Aug 31 17:18:11 2009
Raid Level : raid1
Used Dev Size : 4200896 (4.01 GiB 4.30 GB)
Array Size : 4200896 (4.01 GiB 4.30 GB)
Raid Devices : 3
Total Devices : 2
Preferred Minor : 0
Update Time : Sun Jun 2 00:58:05 2013
State : clean
Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 2
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0
Checksum : 9070963e - correct
Events : 19720
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
this 1 8 1 1 active sync /dev/sda1
0 0 0 0 0 removed
1 1 8 1 1 active sync /dev/sda1
2 2 8 17 2 active sync /dev/sdb1
/ dev / sda2：
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 0.90.00
UUID : e8f7960f:6bbea0c7:776c2c25:004bd7b2 (local to host rescue)
Creation Time : Mon Aug 31 17:18:11 2009
Raid Level : raid1
Used Dev Size : 2104448 (2.01 GiB 2.15 GB)
Array Size : 2104448 (2.01 GiB 2.15 GB)
Raid Devices : 3
Total Devices : 2
Preferred Minor : 1
Update Time : Sat Jun 8 07:14:24 2013
State : clean
Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 2
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0
Checksum : 120869e1 - correct
Events : 3534
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
this 1 8 2 1 active sync /dev/sda2
0 0 0 0 0 removed
1 1 8 2 1 active sync /dev/sda2
2 2 8 18 2 active sync /dev/sdb2
/ dev / sda3：
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 0.90.00
UUID : 4f2b3b67:c3837044:776c2c25:004bd7b2 (local to host rescue)
Creation Time : Mon Aug 31 17:18:11 2009
Raid Level : raid5
Used Dev Size : 1458830400 (1391.25 GiB 1493.84 GB)
Array Size : 2917660800 (2782.50 GiB 2987.68 GB)
Raid Devices : 3
Total Devices : 2
Preferred Minor : 2
Update Time : Sat Jun 8 14:47:00 2013
State : clean
Active Devices : 1
Working Devices : 1
Failed Devices : 1
Spare Devices : 0
Checksum : 2b2b2dad - correct
Events : 36343894
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 64K
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
this 1 8 3 1 active sync /dev/sda3
0 0 0 0 0 removed
1 1 8 3 1 active sync /dev/sda3
2 2 0 0 2 faulty removed
cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md2 : inactive sda3[1](S) sdb3[2](S)
2917660800 blocks
md1 : active raid1 sda2[1] sdb2[2]
2104448 blocks [3/2] [_UU]
md0 : active raid1 sda1[1] sdb1[2]
4200896 blocks [3/2] [_UU]
md2似乎已损坏，可能是与我的VMWare映像有关的袭击。
我想通过将其安装在RAID之外来访问md2中的数据(活动且未损坏的磁盘上的数据，即/ dev / sda3)。
只是执行一个好主意
mdadm --manage /dev/md2 --remove /dev/sda3
(因为fdisk看不到md2，它是否还能工作)？
我应该通过运行重新对其他突袭md0和md1进行复仇吗
mdadm --assemble /dev/md0 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1
？
更新0：我不能组装md0和md2。
root@rescue ~ # mdadm --assemble /dev/md0 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1
mdadm: cannot open device /dev/sda1: Device or resource busy
mdadm: /dev/sda1 has no superblock - assembly aborted
root@rescue ~ # mdadm --assemble /dev/md2 /dev/sda3 /dev/sdb3
mdadm: cannot open device /dev/sda3: Device or resource busy
mdadm: /dev/sda3 has no superblock - assembly aborted
无法使用mount -t auto进行安装。
root@rescue ~ # mount -t auto -o ro /dev/md0 /mnt/rescue/
/dev/md0 looks like swapspace - not mounted
mount: you must specify the filesystem type
root@rescue ~ # mount -t auto -o ro /dev/md2 /mnt/rescue/
mount: you must specify the filesystem type
挂载/ dev / md1可以，但是上面没有VMWare数据。
root@rescue /mnt/rescue # ll
total 139M
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 513K May 27 2010 abi-2.6.28-19-server
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 631K Sep 16 2010 abi-2.6.32-24-server
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 632K Oct 16 2010 abi-2.6.32-25-server
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 632K Nov 24 2010 abi-2.6.32-26-server
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 632K Dec 2 2010 abi-2.6.32-27-server
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 632K Jan 11 2011 abi-2.6.32-28-server
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 632K Feb 11 2011 abi-2.6.32-29-server
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 632K Mar 2 2011 abi-2.6.32-30-server
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 632K Jul 30 2011 abi-2.6.32-33-server
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1 Aug 31 2009 boot -> .
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 302K Aug 4 2010 coffee.bmp
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 89K May 27 2010 config-2.6.28-19-server
...
更新1：
我试图停止md2和md0并再次组装。
mdadm -S /dev/md0
root@rescue ~ # mount -t auto -o ro /dev/md0 /mnt/rescue/
/dev/md0 looks like swapspace - not mounted
mount: you must specify the filesystem type
mdadm -S /dev/md2
root@rescue ~ # mount -t auto -o ro /dev/md2 /mnt/rescue/
mount: you must specify the filesystem type
有任何想法吗？
更新2：
由于出现以下错误消息，因此无法从一个磁盘进行组装。
root@rescue ~ # mdadm -S /dev/md2
root@rescue ~ # mdadm --assemble /dev/md2 /dev/sda3
mdadm: /dev/md2 assembled from 1 drive - not enough to start the array.
root@rescue ~ # mdadm -S /dev/md2
mdadm: stopped /dev/md2
root@rescue ~ # mdadm --assemble /dev/md2 /dev/sdb3
mdadm: /dev/md2 assembled from 1 drive - not enough to start the array.
甚至新的袭击也失败了。
root@rescue ~ # mdadm -S /dev/md9
mdadm: stopped /dev/md9
root@rescue ~ # mdadm --assemble /dev/md9 /dev/sda3
mdadm: /dev/md9 assembled from 1 drive - not enough to start the array.
root@rescue ~ # mdadm -S /dev/md9
mdadm: stopped /dev/md9
root@rescue ~ # mdadm --assemble /dev/md9 /dev/sdb3
mdadm: /dev/md9 assembled from 1 drive - not enough to start the array.
创建新的md磁盘也失败。
root@rescue ~ # cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md0 : active raid1 sda1[1] sdb1[2]
4200896 blocks [3/2] [_UU]
md1 : active raid1 sda2[1] sdb2[2]
2104448 blocks [3/2] [_UU]
unused devices:
root@rescue ~ # mdadm -A -R /dev/md9 /dev/sda3
mdadm: failed to RUN_ARRAY /dev/md9: Input/output error
mdadm: Not enough devices to start the array.
root@rescue ~ # cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4]
md9 : inactive sda3[1]
1458830400 blocks
md0 : active raid1 sda1[1] sdb1[2]
4200896 blocks [3/2] [_UU]
md1 : active raid1 sda2[1] sdb2[2]
2104448 blocks [3/2] [_UU]
unused devices:
root@rescue ~ # mdadm -S /dev/md9
mdadm: stopped /dev/md9
root@rescue ~ # mdadm -A -R /dev/md9 /dev/sdb3
mdadm: failed to RUN_ARRAY /dev/md9: Input/output error
mdadm: Not enough devices to start the array.
更新3：
从md2删除磁盘不起作用。
mdadm --remove /dev/md2 /dev/sda3
mdadm: cannot get array info for /dev/md2
更新4：
最后，--force希望通过运行汇编来完成。我现在正在将文件复制到另一台服务器。
