Nodejs 操作 MongoDb 数据库

一、在 Nodejs 中使用 Mongodb

在前面的博文我们给大家讲了如何使用命令操作 Mongodb，这篇博文开始我们给大家讲解一下如何使用 Nodejs 来操作 Mongodb 数据库

Nodejs 操作 mongodb 数据库官方文档：https://www.mongodb.org.cn/drivers/5.html

npm install mongodb --save 
或者
cnpm install mongodb --save 
或者
yarn add mongodb

二、Nodejs 连接 MongoDb 数据库

const MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient;
const url = 'mongodb://localhost:27017'; // const url = 'mongodb://admin:123456@localhost:27017/'; 有密码连接方式 
const dbName = 'itying'; 
const client = new MongoClient(url,{ useUnifiedTopology: true }); 
client.connect(function(err) { if(err){console.log(err); return; }console.log("连接成功"); //获取 db 对象 const db = client.db(dbName); });

注意：如果数据库开启了权限验证的话需要使用下面方式连接数据库
其中：admin 表示用户名，123456 表示密码

const url = 'mongodb://admin:123456@localhost:27017/';

三、Nodejs 查找 MongoDb 数据库的数据

const MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient; 
const url = 'mongodb://localhost:27017'; 
const dbName = 'itying'; 
const client = new MongoClient(url,{ useUnifiedTopology: true }); 
client.connect(function(err) { if(err){console.log(err); return; }const db = client.db(dbName); //获取 db 对象 db.collection("user").find({}).toArray(function(err,data){ //查找 if(err){console.log(err); return; }console.log(data); client.close(); }) 
});

四、Nodejs 给 MongoDb 增加数据

const MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient; 
const url = 'mongodb://localhost:27017'; 
const dbName = 'itying'; 
const client = new MongoClient(url,{ useUnifiedTopology: true }); 
client.connect(function(err) { if(err){console.log(err); return; }//获取 db 对象 const db = client.db(dbName); //新增数据 db.collection("user").insertOne({"username":"nodejs","age":10},(err,result)=>{ if(err){console.log(err); return; }console.log(result); client.close(); }) });

五、Nodejs 修改 MongoDb 数据

const MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient; 
const url = 'mongodb://localhost:27017'; // const url = 'mongodb://admin:123456@localhost:27017/'; 有密码连接方式 
const dbName = 'itying'; 
const client = new MongoClient(url,{ useUnifiedTopology: true }); 
client.connect(function(err) { if(err){console.log(err); return; }const db = client.db(dbName); //获取 db 对象 db.collection("user").updateOne({"name":"zhangsan"},{$set:{"age":50}},(err,result)=>{ if(err){console.log(err); return; }console.log(result); client.close(); })});

六、Nodejs 删除 MongoDb 数据

const {MongoClient,ObjectID} = require('mongodb'); 
const url = 'mongodb://localhost:27017'; 
const dbName = 'itying'; 
const client = new MongoClient(url,{ useUnifiedTopology: true });
client.connect(function(err) { if(err){console.log(err); return; }//获取 db 对象 const db = client.db(dbName); //删除数据 db.collection("user").deleteOne({ "username" : "nodejs" }, function(err, result) { if(err){ console.log(err); return; }console.log(result); client.close(); }); 
});

七、完整代码

/* 1.引入mongodb */
// const MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient;
const { MongoClient } = require('mongodb');/* 2.定义数据库连接的地址 */
const url = 'mongodb://admin:admin@127.0.0.1:27017';/* 3.定义要操作的数据库 */
const dbName = 'itying';/* 4.实例化MongoClient 传入数据库连接地址 */
const client = new MongoClient(url, { useUnifiedTopology: true });/* 5.连接数据库 */
client.connect((err) => {if (err) {console.log('数据库连接失败！');return;}console.log('数据库连接成功');let db = client.db(dbName);/*  // 查找数据db.collection("user").find({ "age": 20 }).toArray((err, data) => {if (err) {console.log(err);return;}console.log(data);client.close();}) *//* // 增加数据db.collection("user").insertOne({ "name": "nodejs", "age": 10 }, (err, result) => {if (err) {console.log(err);return;}console.log("增加成功");console.log(result);// 6.操作数据库完毕以后一定要关闭数据库连接client.close();}) */// 修改数据/*  db.collection("user").updateOne({"name": "xiaoli"}, {$set:{"age": 100}}, (err, data)=> {if (err) {console.log(err);return;}console.log("修改成功");console.log(data);client.close();})*//* // 删除一条数据db.collection("user").deleteOne({"name": "nodejs"}, (err)=>{if (err) {console.log(err);return;}console.log("删除一条数据成功");client.close();}) */// 删除多条数据db.collection("user").deleteMany({"name": "nodejs"}, (err)=>{if (err) {console.log(err);return;}console.log("删除多条数据成功");client.close();})})

八、实战案例：

浏览器发送get请求，访问 /register，渲染出注册页面
在这里插入图片描述

浏览器发送post请求，访问 /doRegister, 后端获取前端提交的表单数据，然后将数据存入mongodb数据库中
在这里插入图片描述

浏览器发送get请求，访问 / ，从mongodb数据库查询数据并渲染到前端页面上
在这里插入图片描述

在这里插入图片描述

app.js:

const http = require('http');
const querystring = require('querystring')
const app = require('./module/routes');
const ejs = require('ejs');
const { MongoClient } = require("mongodb");
const url = 'mongodb://admin:admin@127.0.0.1:27017';
const dbName = 'itying';/* 4.实例化MongoClient 传入数据库连接地址 */
// const client = new MongoClient(url, { useUnifiedTopology: true });// 注册web服务
http.createServer(app).listen(8081);
// app.static("public"); // 修改默认静态web目录
// 配置路由
app.get('/', function (req, res) {MongoClient.connect(url, { useUnifiedTopology: true }, (err, client) => {/* 5.连接数据库 */client.connect((err) => {if (err) {console.log('数据库连接失败！');return;}console.log('数据库连接成功');let db = client.db(dbName);// 查找数据db.collection("user").find({}).toArray((err, result) => {if (err) {console.log(err);return;}console.log(result);client.close();ejs.renderFile("./views/index.ejs", {list: result}, (err, data) => {res.send(data);})})})})})app.get('/register', function (req, res) {ejs.renderFile("./views/register.ejs",{}, (err, data)=> {res.send(data);})
})app.post('/doRegister', function (req, res) {let body = querystring.parse(req.body)console.log(body)MongoClient.connect(url, { useUnifiedTopology: true }, (err, client) => {if (err) {console.log('数据库连接失败！');return;}console.log('数据库连接成功');let db = client.db(dbName);db.collection("user").insertOne(body, (err, result)=> {if (err) {console.log(err);return;}console.log('添加数据成功');res.send('添加数据成功');})})
})console.log('Server running at http://127.0.0.1:8081/');

routes.js:

const url = require('url')
const path = require('path')
const fs = require('fs')// 扩展res
function changeRes(res) {res.send = (data) => {res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'text/html;charset="utf-8"' });res.end(data);}
}// 根据后缀名获取文件类型
let getFileMime = function (extname) {// 把异步读取文件方法改为同步读取文件方法let data = fs.readFileSync('./data/mime.json');let mimeObj = JSON.parse(data.toString())console.log(mimeObj[extname])return mimeObj[extname]
}// 静态web服务的方法
function initStatic (req, res, staticPath){// 1. 获取地址console.log(req.url)let pathname = url.parse(req.url).pathname// 默认加载index.htmlif (pathname == '/') {pathname = '/index.html'} else {pathname = pathname}// 获取路径中的后缀名let extname = path.extname(pathname)// 2.通过fs模块读取文件try {// 把异步读取文件方法改为同步读取文件方法let data = fs.readFileSync('./' + staticPath + pathname);if (data) {let mine = getFileMime(extname)res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': '' + mine + ';charset="utf-8"' });res.end(data);}} catch (error) {}
}let server = () => {let G = {_get: {}, // 把get 和 post分开保存_post: {},staticPath: "static"  // 静态资源web目录}let app = function (req, res) {// 扩展res的方法changeRes(res)// 配置静态web服务器initStatic(req, res, G.staticPath)// 路由let pathname = url.parse(req.url).pathname;// http://127.0.0.1:3000/login  pathname = /login// 获取请求类型let method = req.method.toLowerCase()if (G['_' + method][pathname]) {if (method == "get") {G['_' + method][pathname](req, res); // 表示执行方法} else {// post  获取post的数据  把它绑定到req.body上let postData = '';req.on('data', (chunk) => {postData += chunk;})req.on('end', () => {console.log(postData)req.body = postDataG._post[pathname](req, res); // 表示执行方法})}} else {res.writeHead(404, { 'Content-Type': 'text/html;charset="utf-8"' });res.end('页面不存在');}}app.get = function (string, callback) {// 注册方法G._get[string] = callback/* G['/login'] = function(req, res) {res.send('hello world')}*/// console.log('get方法')}app.post = function (string, callback) {// 注册方法G._post[string] = callback}// 配置静态web服务目录app.static = function (staticPath){G.staticPath = staticPath}return app;}
module.exports = server()

mime.json:


{ ".323":"text/h323" ,".3gp":"video/3gpp" ,".aab":"application/x-authoware-bin" ,".aam":"application/x-authoware-map" ,".aas":"application/x-authoware-seg" ,".acx":"application/internet-property-stream" ,".ai":"application/postscript" ,".aif":"audio/x-aiff" ,".aifc":"audio/x-aiff" ,".aiff":"audio/x-aiff" ,".als":"audio/X-Alpha5" ,".amc":"application/x-mpeg" ,".ani":"application/octet-stream" ,".apk":"application/vnd.android.package-archive" ,".asc":"text/plain" ,".asd":"application/astound" ,".asf":"video/x-ms-asf" ,".asn":"application/astound" ,".asp":"application/x-asap" ,".asr":"video/x-ms-asf" ,".asx":"video/x-ms-asf" ,".au":"audio/basic" ,".avb":"application/octet-stream" ,".avi":"video/x-msvideo" ,".awb":"audio/amr-wb" ,".axs":"application/olescript" ,".bas":"text/plain" ,".bcpio":"application/x-bcpio" ,".bin ":"application/octet-stream" ,".bld":"application/bld" ,".bld2":"application/bld2" ,".bmp":"image/bmp" ,".bpk":"application/octet-stream" ,".bz2":"application/x-bzip2" ,".c":"text/plain" ,".cal":"image/x-cals" ,".cat":"application/vnd.ms-pkiseccat" ,".ccn":"application/x-cnc" ,".cco":"application/x-cocoa" ,".cdf":"application/x-cdf" ,".cer":"application/x-x509-ca-cert" ,".cgi":"magnus-internal/cgi" ,".chat":"application/x-chat" ,".class":"application/octet-stream" ,".clp":"application/x-msclip" ,".cmx":"image/x-cmx" ,".co":"application/x-cult3d-object" ,".cod":"image/cis-cod" ,".conf":"text/plain" ,".cpio":"application/x-cpio" ,".cpp":"text/plain" ,".cpt":"application/mac-compactpro" ,".crd":"application/x-mscardfile" ,".crl":"application/pkix-crl" ,".crt":"application/x-x509-ca-cert" ,".csh":"application/x-csh" ,".csm":"chemical/x-csml" ,".csml":"chemical/x-csml" ,".css":"text/css" ,".cur":"application/octet-stream" ,".dcm":"x-lml/x-evm" ,".dcr":"application/x-director" ,".dcx":"image/x-dcx" ,".der":"application/x-x509-ca-cert" ,".dhtml":"text/html" ,".dir":"application/x-director" ,".dll":"application/x-msdownload" ,".dmg":"application/octet-stream" ,".dms":"application/octet-stream" ,".doc":"application/msword" ,".docx":"application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document" ,".dot":"application/msword" ,".dvi":"application/x-dvi" ,".dwf":"drawing/x-dwf" ,".dwg":"application/x-autocad" ,".dxf":"application/x-autocad" ,".dxr":"application/x-director" ,".ebk":"application/x-expandedbook" ,".emb":"chemical/x-embl-dl-nucleotide" ,".embl":"chemical/x-embl-dl-nucleotide" ,".eps":"application/postscript" ,".epub":"application/epub+zip" ,".eri":"image/x-eri" ,".es":"audio/echospeech" ,".esl":"audio/echospeech" ,".etc":"application/x-earthtime" ,".etx":"text/x-setext" ,".evm":"x-lml/x-evm" ,".evy":"application/envoy" ,".exe":"application/octet-stream" ,".fh4":"image/x-freehand" ,".fh5":"image/x-freehand" ,".fhc":"image/x-freehand" ,".fif":"application/fractals" ,".flr":"x-world/x-vrml" ,".flv":"flv-application/octet-stream" ,".fm":"application/x-maker" ,".fpx":"image/x-fpx" ,".fvi":"video/isivideo" ,".gau":"chemical/x-gaussian-input" ,".gca":"application/x-gca-compressed" ,".gdb":"x-lml/x-gdb" ,".gif":"image/gif" ,".gps":"application/x-gps" ,".gtar":"application/x-gtar" ,".gz":"application/x-gzip" ,".h":"text/plain" ,".hdf":"application/x-hdf" ,".hdm":"text/x-hdml" ,".hdml":"text/x-hdml" ,".hlp":"application/winhlp" ,".hqx":"application/mac-binhex40" ,".hta":"application/hta" ,".htc":"text/x-component" ,".htm":"text/html" ,".html":"text/html" ,".hts":"text/html" ,".htt":"text/webviewhtml" ,".ice":"x-conference/x-cooltalk" ,".ico":"image/x-icon" ,".ief":"image/ief" ,".ifm":"image/gif" ,".ifs":"image/ifs" ,".iii":"application/x-iphone" ,".imy":"audio/melody" ,".ins":"application/x-internet-signup" ,".ips":"application/x-ipscript" ,".ipx":"application/x-ipix" ,".isp":"application/x-internet-signup" ,".it":"audio/x-mod" ,".itz":"audio/x-mod" ,".ivr":"i-world/i-vrml" ,".j2k":"image/j2k" ,".jad":"text/vnd.sun.j2me.app-descriptor" ,".jam":"application/x-jam" ,".jar":"application/java-archive" ,".java":"text/plain" ,".jfif":"image/pipeg" ,".jnlp":"application/x-java-jnlp-file" ,".jpe":"image/jpeg" ,".jpeg":"image/jpeg" ,".jpg":"image/jpeg" ,".jpz":"image/jpeg" ,".js":"application/x-javascript" ,".jwc":"application/jwc" ,".kjx":"application/x-kjx" ,".lak":"x-lml/x-lak" ,".latex":"application/x-latex" ,".lcc":"application/fastman" ,".lcl":"application/x-digitalloca" ,".lcr":"application/x-digitalloca" ,".lgh":"application/lgh" ,".lha":"application/octet-stream" ,".lml":"x-lml/x-lml" ,".lmlpack":"x-lml/x-lmlpack" ,".log":"text/plain" ,".lsf":"video/x-la-asf" ,".lsx":"video/x-la-asf" ,".lzh":"application/octet-stream" ,".m13":"application/x-msmediaview" ,".m14":"application/x-msmediaview" ,".m15":"audio/x-mod" ,".m3u":"audio/x-mpegurl" ,".m3url":"audio/x-mpegurl" ,".m4a":"audio/mp4a-latm" ,".m4b":"audio/mp4a-latm" ,".m4p":"audio/mp4a-latm" ,".m4u":"video/vnd.mpegurl" ,".m4v":"video/x-m4v" ,".ma1":"audio/ma1" ,".ma2":"audio/ma2" ,".ma3":"audio/ma3" ,".ma5":"audio/ma5" ,".man":"application/x-troff-man" ,".map":"magnus-internal/imagemap" ,".mbd":"application/mbedlet" ,".mct":"application/x-mascot" ,".mdb":"application/x-msaccess" ,".mdz":"audio/x-mod" ,".me":"application/x-troff-me" ,".mel":"text/x-vmel" ,".mht":"message/rfc822" ,".mhtml":"message/rfc822" ,".mi":"application/x-mif" ,".mid":"audio/mid" ,".midi":"audio/midi" ,".mif":"application/x-mif" ,".mil":"image/x-cals" ,".mio":"audio/x-mio" ,".mmf":"application/x-skt-lbs" ,".mng":"video/x-mng" ,".mny":"application/x-msmoney" ,".moc":"application/x-mocha" ,".mocha":"application/x-mocha" ,".mod":"audio/x-mod" ,".mof":"application/x-yumekara" ,".mol":"chemical/x-mdl-molfile" ,".mop":"chemical/x-mopac-input" ,".mov":"video/quicktime" ,".movie":"video/x-sgi-movie" ,".mp2":"video/mpeg" ,".mp3":"audio/mpeg" ,".mp4":"video/mp4" ,".mpa":"video/mpeg" ,".mpc":"application/vnd.mpohun.certificate" ,".mpe":"video/mpeg" ,".mpeg":"video/mpeg" ,".mpg":"video/mpeg" ,".mpg4":"video/mp4" ,".mpga":"audio/mpeg" ,".mpn":"application/vnd.mophun.application" ,".mpp":"application/vnd.ms-project" ,".mps":"application/x-mapserver" ,".mpv2":"video/mpeg" ,".mrl":"text/x-mrml" ,".mrm":"application/x-mrm" ,".ms":"application/x-troff-ms" ,".msg":"application/vnd.ms-outlook" ,".mts":"application/metastream" ,".mtx":"application/metastream" ,".mtz":"application/metastream" ,".mvb":"application/x-msmediaview" ,".mzv":"application/metastream" ,".nar":"application/zip" ,".nbmp":"image/nbmp" ,".nc":"application/x-netcdf" ,".ndb":"x-lml/x-ndb" ,".ndwn":"application/ndwn" ,".nif":"application/x-nif" ,".nmz":"application/x-scream" ,".nokia-op-logo":"image/vnd.nok-oplogo-color" ,".npx":"application/x-netfpx" ,".nsnd":"audio/nsnd" ,".nva":"application/x-neva1" ,".nws":"message/rfc822" ,".oda":"application/oda" ,".ogg":"audio/ogg" ,".oom":"application/x-AtlasMate-Plugin" ,".p10":"application/pkcs10" ,".p12":"application/x-pkcs12" ,".p7b":"application/x-pkcs7-certificates" ,".p7c":"application/x-pkcs7-mime" ,".p7m":"application/x-pkcs7-mime" ,".p7r":"application/x-pkcs7-certreqresp" ,".p7s":"application/x-pkcs7-signature" ,".pac":"audio/x-pac" ,".pae":"audio/x-epac" ,".pan":"application/x-pan" ,".pbm":"image/x-portable-bitmap" ,".pcx":"image/x-pcx" ,".pda":"image/x-pda" ,".pdb":"chemical/x-pdb" ,".pdf":"application/pdf" ,".pfr":"application/font-tdpfr" ,".pfx":"application/x-pkcs12" ,".pgm":"image/x-portable-graymap" ,".pict":"image/x-pict" ,".pko":"application/ynd.ms-pkipko" ,".pm":"application/x-perl" ,".pma":"application/x-perfmon" ,".pmc":"application/x-perfmon" ,".pmd":"application/x-pmd" ,".pml":"application/x-perfmon" ,".pmr":"application/x-perfmon" ,".pmw":"application/x-perfmon" ,".png":"image/png" ,".pnm":"image/x-portable-anymap" ,".pnz":"image/png" ,".pot,":"application/vnd.ms-powerpoint" ,".ppm":"image/x-portable-pixmap" ,".pps":"application/vnd.ms-powerpoint" ,".ppt":"application/vnd.ms-powerpoint" ,".pptx":"application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation" ,".pqf":"application/x-cprplayer" ,".pqi":"application/cprplayer" ,".prc":"application/x-prc" ,".prf":"application/pics-rules" ,".prop":"text/plain" ,".proxy":"application/x-ns-proxy-autoconfig" ,".ps":"application/postscript" ,".ptlk":"application/listenup" ,".pub":"application/x-mspublisher" ,".pvx":"video/x-pv-pvx" ,".qcp":"audio/vnd.qcelp" ,".qt":"video/quicktime" ,".qti":"image/x-quicktime" ,".qtif":"image/x-quicktime" ,".r3t":"text/vnd.rn-realtext3d" ,".ra":"audio/x-pn-realaudio" ,".ram":"audio/x-pn-realaudio" ,".rar":"application/octet-stream" ,".ras":"image/x-cmu-raster" ,".rc":"text/plain" ,".rdf":"application/rdf+xml" ,".rf":"image/vnd.rn-realflash" ,".rgb":"image/x-rgb" ,".rlf":"application/x-richlink" ,".rm":"audio/x-pn-realaudio" ,".rmf":"audio/x-rmf" ,".rmi":"audio/mid" ,".rmm":"audio/x-pn-realaudio" ,".rmvb":"audio/x-pn-realaudio" ,".rnx":"application/vnd.rn-realplayer" 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}