NSD DBA1 DAY07
- innobackupex备份工具
1 innobackupex备份工具
1.1 问题
- 安装percona软件包
- innobackupex完整备份、增量备份操作。
- 恢复数据
1.2 步骤
实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。
步骤一:安装XtraBackup软件包
1)了解软件包描述信息
- [root@dbsvr1 pub]# rpm -qpi percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.6-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
- Name : percona-xtrabackup-24
- Version : 2.4.6
- Release : 2.el7
- Architecture: x86_64
- Install Date: (not installed)
- Group : Applications/Databases
- Size : 32416340
- License : GPLv2
- Signature : DSA/SHA1, 2017年02月27日 星期一 20时28分17秒, Key ID 1c4cbdcdcd2efd2a
- Source RPM : percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.6-2.el7.src.rpm
- Build Date : 2017年02月27日 星期一 20时27分21秒
- Build Host : vps-centos7-x64-01.ci.percona.com
- Relocations : (not relocatable)
- URL : http://www.percona.com/software/percona-xtrabackup
- Summary : XtraBackup online backup for MySQL / InnoDB
- Description :
- Percona XtraBackup is OpenSource online (non-blockable) backup solution for InnoDB and XtraDB engines
2)安装依赖包perl-DBD-MySQL perl-Digest-MD5 libev
使用RHEL 7自带的即可,yum方式安装:
- [root@dbsvr1 pub]# yum -y install perl-DBD-MySQL perl-Digest-MD5
- libev使用网上找的rpm包 libev-4.15-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm //该包由讲师提供
- [root@dbsvr1 pub]#rpm –ivh libev-4.15-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm
如果未安装这些依赖包,则直接安装percona-xtrabackup时会报错:
代码
3)安装percona-xtrabackup
- [root@dbsvr1 pub]#rpm -ivh percona-xtrabackup-*.rpm
- 警告:percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.6-2.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID cd2efd2a: NOKEY
- 准备中... ################################# [100%]
- 正在升级/安装...
- 1:percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.6-2.el7################################# [ 33%]
- 2:percona-xtrabackup-test-24-2.4.6-################################# [ 67%]
- 3:percona-xtrabackup-24-debuginfo-2################################# [100%]
4)确认安装的主要程序/脚本
- [root@dbsvr1 pub]# rpm -ql percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.6-2.el7.x86_64
- /usr/bin/innobackupex
- /usr/bin/xbcloud
- /usr/bin/xbcloud_osenv
- /usr/bin/xbcrypt
- /usr/bin/xbstream
- /usr/bin/xtrabackup
- /usr/share/doc/percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.6
- /usr/share/doc/percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.6/COPYING
- /usr/share/man/man1/innobackupex.1.gz
- /usr/share/man/man1/xbcrypt.1.gz
- /usr/share/man/man1/xbstream.1.gz
- /usr/share/man/man1/xtrabackup.1.gz
步骤二:innobackupex完整备份、增量备份操作
--host 主机名
--port 3306
--user 用户名
--password 密码
--databases="库名"
--databases="库1 库2"
--databases="库.表"
--no-timestamp 不用日期命名备份文件存储的子目录,使用备份的数据库名做备份目录名
--no-timestmap 不使用日期命名备份目录名
1)做一个完整备份
默认情况下,备份文件存储的子目录会用日期命名,
innobackupex作为客户端工具,以mysql协议连入mysqld,将数据备份到/backup文件夹:
- [root@dbsvr1 ~]# innobackupex --user=root --password=1234567 /backup/mysql –no-timestamp
- 170425 11:05:44 innobackupex: Starting the backup operation
- IMPORTANT: Please check that the backup run completes successfully.
- At the end of a successful backup run innobackupex
- prints "completed OK!".
- Unrecognized character \x01; marked by <-- HERE after <-- HERE near column 1 at - line 1374.
- 170425 11:05:45 Connecting to MySQL server host: localhost, user: root, password: set, port: not set, socket: not set
- Using server version 5.7.17
- innobackupex version 2.4.6 based on MySQL server 5.7.13 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: 8ec05b7)
- xtrabackup: uses posix_fadvise().
- xtrabackup: cd to /var/lib/mysql
- xtrabackup: open files limit requested 0, set to 1024
- xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration:
- xtrabackup: innodb_data_home_dir = .
- xtrabackup: innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:12M:autoextend
- xtrabackup: innodb_log_group_home_dir = ./
- xtrabackup: innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
- xtrabackup: innodb_log_file_size = 50331648
- InnoDB: Number of pools: 1
- 170425 11:05:45 >> log scanned up to (2543893)
- xtrabackup: Generating a list of tablespaces
- InnoDB: Allocated tablespace ID 2 for mysql/plugin, old maximum was 0
- 170425 11:05:45 [01] Copying ./ibdata1 to /backup/ibdata1
- 170425 11:05:45 [01] ...done
- 170425 11:05:46 [01] Copying ./mysql/plugin.ibd to /backup/mysql/plugin.ibd
- 170425 11:05:46 [01] ...done
- 170425 11:05:46 [01] Copying ./mysql/servers.ibd to /backup/mysql/servers.ibd
- 170425 11:05:46 [01] ...done
- 170425 11:05:46 [01] Copying ./mysql/help_topic.ibd to /backup/mysql/help_topic.ibd
- 170425 11:05:46 [01] ...done
- 170425 11:05:46 >> log scanned up to (2543893)
- .. ..
- 170425 11:06:00 [01] Copying ./sys/x@0024waits_global_by_latency.frm to /backup/sys/x@0024waits_global_by_latency.frm
- 170425 11:06:00 [01] ...done
- 170425 11:06:00 [01] Copying ./sys/session_ssl_status.frm to /backup/sys/session_ssl_status.frm
- 170425 11:06:00 [01] ...done
- 170425 11:06:00 [01] Copying ./db1/db.opt to /backup/db1/db.opt
- 170425 11:06:00 [01] ...done
- 170425 11:06:00 [01] Copying ./db1/tb1.frm to /backup/db1/tb1.frm
- 170425 11:06:00 [01] ...done
- 170425 11:06:00 Finished backing up non-InnoDB tables and files
- 170425 11:06:00 Executing FLUSH NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG ENGINE LOGS...
- xtrabackup: The latest check point (for incremental): '2543884'
- xtrabackup: Stopping log copying thread.
- .170425 11:06:00 >> log scanned up to (2543893)
- 170425 11:06:00 Executing UNLOCK TABLES
- 170425 11:06:00 All tables unlocked
- 170425 11:06:00 [00] Copying ib_buffer_pool to /backup/ib_buffer_pool
- 170425 11:06:00 [00] ...done
- 170425 11:06:00 Backup created in directory '/backup/'
- 170425 11:06:00 [00] Writing backup-my.cnf
- 170425 11:06:00 [00] ...done
- 170425 11:06:00 [00] Writing xtrabackup_info
- 170425 11:06:00 [00] ...done
- xtrabackup: Transaction log of lsn (2543884) to (2543893) was copied.
- 170425 11:06:01 completed OK
确认备份好的文件数据:
- [root@dbsvr1 ~]#ls /backup/
- backup-my.cnf ib_buffer_pool mysql sys xtrabackup_info
- db1 ibdata1 performance_schema xtrabackup_checkpoints xtrabackup_logfile
2)做一个增量备份(基于前一步的完整备份)
随意做一些新增或更改库表的操作,比如在db1库中新建一个mytb的表:
- mysql> USE db1;
- Database changed
- mysql> CREATE TABLE mytb(id int(4), name varchar(24));
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.38 sec)
- mysql> INSERT INTO tb1 VALUES
- -> (1,'bon'),
- -> (2,'bo'),
- Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.12 sec)
- Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
- mysql> SELECT * FROM tb1;
- +------+------+
- | id | name |
- +------+------+
- | 1 | bob |
- | 2 | bo |
- +------+------+
- 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
以前一次保存到/backup的完整备份为基础,做一个增量备份,保存到/incr01/,指定增量备份参照的基本目录(完整备份目录)需要用到选项--incremental-basedir。相关操作如下:
- [root@dbsvr1 ~]# innobackupex --user=root --password=12345678 --incremental /incr01 --incremental-basedir=/backup/ --no-timestamp
- 170425 11:30:14 innobackupex: Starting the backup operation
- IMPORTANT: Please check that the backup run completes successfully.
- At the end of a successful backup run innobackupex
- prints "completed OK!".
- Unrecognized character \x01; marked by <-- HERE after <-- HERE near column 1 at - line 1374.
- 170425 11:30:14 Connecting to MySQL server host: localhost, user: root, password: set, port: not set, socket: not set
- Using server version 5.7.17
- innobackupex version 2.4.6 based on MySQL server 5.7.13 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: 8ec05b7)
- incremental backup from 2543884 is enabled.
- xtrabackup: uses posix_fadvise().
- xtrabackup: cd to /var/lib/mysql
- xtrabackup: open files limit requested 0, set to 1024
- xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration:
- xtrabackup: innodb_data_home_dir = .
- xtrabackup: innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:12M:autoextend
- xtrabackup: innodb_log_group_home_dir = ./
- xtrabackup: innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
- xtrabackup: innodb_log_file_size = 50331648
- InnoDB: Number of pools: 1
- 170425 11:30:14 >> log scanned up to (2549933)
- xtrabackup: Generating a list of tablespaces
- InnoDB: Allocated tablespace ID 2 for mysql/plugin, old maximum was 0
- xtrabackup: using the full scan for incremental backup
- 170425 11:30:15 [01] Copying ./ibdata1 to /incr01/ibdata1.delta
- 170425 11:30:15 [01] ...done
- 170425 11:30:15 >> log scanned up to (2549933)
- 170425 11:30:15 [01] Copying ./mysql/plugin.ibd to /incr01/mysql/plugin.ibd.delta
- 170425 11:30:15 [01] ...done
- ... ...
- 170425 11:30:35 Executing UNLOCK TABLES
- 170425 11:30:35 All tables unlocked
- 170425 11:30:35 [00] Copying ib_buffer_pool to /incr01/ib_buffer_pool
- 170425 11:30:35 [00] ...done
- 170425 11:30:35 Backup created in directory '/incr01/'
- 170425 11:30:35 [00] Writing backup-my.cnf
- 170425 11:30:35 [00] ...done
- 170425 11:30:35 [00] Writing xtrabackup_info
- 170425 11:30:35 [00] ...done
- xtrabackup: Transaction log of lsn (2549924) to (2549933) was copied.
- 170425 11:30:35 completed OK!
确认备份好的文件数据:
- [root@dbsvr1 ~]# ls /incr01/
- backup-my.cnf ib_buffer_pool ibdata1.meta performance_schema xtrabackup_checkpoints xtrabackup_logfile
- db1 ibdata1.delta mysql sys
对比完整备份、增量备份的大小:
- [root@dbsvr1 ~]# du -sh /backup/ /incr01/
- 142M /backup/ //完整备份的大小
- 3.5M /incr01/ //增量备份的大小
步骤三:恢复数据
通过XtraBackup工具备份的数据库目录,若要恢复到另一个MySQL服务器,需要先做一个“--apply-log --redo-only ”的准备操作。
1)准备恢复“完整备份”
完成准备以后,最终/backup可用来重建MySQL服务器。这种情况下,需要先做一个“--apply-log --redo-only ”的准备操作,以确保数据一致性:
- [root@dbsvr1 ~]#innobackupex --user=root --password=12345678 --apply-log --redo-only /backup/
- 170425 11:42:19 innobackupex: Starting the apply-log operation
- IMPORTANT: Please check that the apply-log run completes successfully.
- At the end of a successful apply-log run innobackupex
- prints "completed OK!".
- innobackupex version 2.4.6 based on MySQL server 5.7.13 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: 8ec05b7)
- xtrabackup: cd to /backup/
- xtrabackup: This target seems to be already prepared.
- InnoDB: Number of pools: 1
- xtrabackup: notice: xtrabackup_logfile was already used to '--prepare'.
- xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration for recovery:
- xtrabackup: innodb_data_home_dir = .
- xtrabackup: innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:12M:autoextend
- xtrabackup: innodb_log_group_home_dir = .
- xtrabackup: innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
- xtrabackup: innodb_log_file_size = 50331648
- xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration for recovery:
- xtrabackup: innodb_data_home_dir = .
- xtrabackup: innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:12M:autoextend
- xtrabackup: innodb_log_group_home_dir = .
- xtrabackup: innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
- xtrabackup: innodb_log_file_size = 50331648
- xtrabackup: Starting InnoDB instance for recovery.
- xtrabackup: Using 104857600 bytes for buffer pool (set by --use-memory parameter)
- InnoDB: PUNCH HOLE support available
- InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
- InnoDB: Uses event mutexes
- InnoDB: GCC builtin __atomic_thread_fence() is used for memory barrier
- InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.7
- InnoDB: Number of pools: 1
- InnoDB: Not using CPU crc32 instructions
- InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, total size = 100M, instances = 1, chunk size = 100M
- InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
- InnoDB: page_cleaner coordinator priority: -20
- InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.
- xtrabackup: starting shutdown with innodb_fast_shutdown = 1
- InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
- InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 2544177
- InnoDB: Number of pools: 1
- 170425 11:42:20 completed OK!
准备恢复“增量备份”
- [root@dbsvr1 ~]#innobackupex --user=root --password=12345678 --apply-log --redo-only /backup/ --incremental-dir=/incr01
- 170425 11:42:55 innobackupex: Starting the apply-log operation
- IMPORTANT: Please check that the apply-log run completes successfully.
- At the end of a successful apply-log run innobackupex
- prints "completed OK!".
- innobackupex version 2.4.6 based on MySQL server 5.7.13 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: 8ec05b7)
- incremental backup from 2543884 is enabled.
- xtrabackup: cd to /backup/
- xtrabackup: This target seems to be already prepared with --apply-log-only.
- InnoDB: Number of pools: 1
- xtrabackup: xtrabackup_logfile detected: size=8388608, start_lsn=(2549924)
- xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration for recovery:
- xtrabackup: innodb_data_home_dir = .
- xtrabackup: innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:12M:autoextend
- xtrabackup: innodb_log_group_home_dir = /incr01/
- xtrabackup: innodb_log_files_in_group = 1
- xtrabackup: innodb_log_file_size = 8388608
- xtrabackup: Generating a list of tablespaces
- InnoDB: Allocated tablespace ID 2 for mysql/plugin, old maximum was 0
- xtrabackup: page size for /incr01//ibdata1.delta is 16384 bytes
- Applying /incr01//ibdata1.delta to ./ibdata1...
- ... ...
- 170425 11:43:09 [01] Copying /incr01/performance_schema/global_status.frm to ./performance_schema/global_status.frm
- 170425 11:43:09 [01] ...done
- 170425 11:43:09 [01] Copying /incr01/performance_schema/session_status.frm to ./performance_schema/session_status.frm
- 170425 11:43:09 [01] ...done
- 170425 11:43:09 [00] Copying /incr01//xtrabackup_info to ./xtrabackup_info
- 170425 11:43:09 [00] ...done
- 170425 11:43:10 completed OK!
2)关闭mysql服务,并将/var/lib/mysql/下的文件删除,假设数据被删除。
- [root@dbsvr1 ~]#systemctl stop mysqld
- [root@dbsvr1 ~]#rm -rf /var/lib/mysql
3)恢复“完整备份+增量备份”
完成准备以后,最终仍然是/backup用来重建MySQL服务器,但这种情况下需提前合并相关增量备份的数据
- [root@dbsvr1 ~]# innobackupex --user=root --password=12345678 --copy-back /backup/
- ... ...
- 170425 11:51:39 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/global_status.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/glo.frm
- 170425 11:51:39 [01] ...done
- 170425 11:51:39 [01] Copying ./performance_schema/session_status.frm to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/seus.frm
- 170425 11:51:39 [01] ...done
- 170425 11:51:39 [01] Copying ./ib_buffer_pool to /var/lib/mysql/ib_buffer_pool
- 170425 11:51:39 [01] ...done
- 170425 11:51:39 [01] Copying ./ibtmp1 to /var/lib/mysql/ibtmp1
- 170425 11:51:39 [01] ...done
- 170425 11:51:39 [01] Copying ./xtrabackup_info to /var/lib/mysql/xtrabackup_info
- 170425 11:51:39 [01] ...done
- 170425 11:51:39 completed OK!
4)修改/var/lib/mysql/下文件属主与属组,查看数据:
恢复后,/var/lib/mysql下文件属组与属主皆为root,需要更改为mysql
- [root@dbsvr1 ~]#chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql
- [root@dbsvr1 ~]#systemctl start mysqld.service
- [root@dbsvr1 ~]#mysql -uroot -p12345678 -e "select * from db1.tb1"
- mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
- +------+------+
- | id | name |
- +------+------+
- | 1 | bob |
- | 2 | bo |
- +------+------+