搭建Spring MVC 4开发环境八步走

Spring MVC作为SpringFrameWork的产品，自诞生之日，就受到广泛开发者的关注，如今Spring MVC在Java中的发展可谓是蒸蒸日上，如今如果再有开发者说，不了解Spring MVC，或许就被人笑掉大牙。煽情的话就不说了，先告诉大家如何搭建Spring MVC开发环境。

（一）工作环境准备：

JDK 1.7

Eclipse Kepler

Apache Tomcat 8.0

（二）在Eclipse中新建Maven工程，在Archetype类型中，选择“maven-archetype-webapp”。

（三）配置pom.xml。

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>com.favccxx.favsoft</groupId><artifactId>favspringmvcrestful</artifactId><packaging>war</packaging><version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version><name>favspringmvcrestful Maven Webapp</name><url>http://maven.apache.org</url><properties><spring.version>4.1.1.RELEASE</spring.version></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>junit</groupId><artifactId>junit</artifactId><version>3.8.1</version><scope>test</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-core</artifactId><version>${spring.version}</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId><version>${spring.version}</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId><version>${spring.version}</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-context</artifactId><version>${spring.version}</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>jstl</groupId><artifactId>jstl</artifactId><version>1.2</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>taglibs</groupId><artifactId>standard</artifactId><version>1.1.2</version></dependency></dependencies><build><finalName>favspringmvcrestful</finalName></build>
</project>

（四）在WEB-INF/web.xml，配置Spring MVC转发。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd"><display-name>favspringmvcrestful</display-name><filter><filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name><filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class><init-param><param-name>encoding</param-name><param-value>UTF-8</param-value></init-param><init-param><param-name>forceEncoding</param-name><param-value>true</param-value></init-param></filter><filter-mapping><filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name><url-pattern>/*</url-pattern></filter-mapping><listener><listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class></listener><servlet><servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name><servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class><init-param><param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name><param-value>classpath*:spring-context.xml</param-value></init-param><load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup></servlet><servlet-mapping><servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name><url-pattern>/</url-pattern></servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

（五）在resources目录下，创建spring-context.xml，支持注解，页面路径解析等。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd"><context:component-scan base-package="com.favccxx.favsoft.favjson.controller"></context:component-scan><mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven><bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.UrlBasedViewResolver"><property name="viewClass"value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" /><property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views" /><property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /></bean>
</beans>

（六）新建HelloController类，使用注解完成Spring MVC类的调用。

package com.favccxx.favsoft.favjson.controller;import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;@Controller
public class HelloController {@RequestMapping("/greeting")public ModelAndView greeting(@RequestParam(value="name", defaultValue="World") String name) {System.out.println("Hello " + name);Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();map.put("userName", name);return new ModelAndView("/hello",map);}}

（七）创建/WEB-INF/views/hello.jsp，用来展现数据。

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Hello</title>
</head>
<body>你好，${userName }
</body>
</html>

（八）在浏览器中，输入访问的URL：http://localhost:8080/favspringmvcrestful/greeting?name=%E7%BE%8E%E5%A5%B3，运行效果如下：