SpringMVC详细示例实战教程

一、SpringMVC基础入门，创建一个HelloWorld程序

　　1.首先，导入SpringMVC需要的jar包。

　　2.添加Web.xml配置文件中关于SpringMVC的配置

  <!--configure the setting of springmvcDispatcherServlet and configure the mapping-->
 <servlet>
     <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
     <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
     <init-param>
           <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
           <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
       </init-param>
       <!-- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> -->
 </servlet>
 <servlet-mapping>
     <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
     <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
 </servlet-mapping>
 

　　3.在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件

  <?xml  version="1.0"  encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <beans  xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
     xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/context  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc  http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd">                    
     <!-- scan the package and the sub package -->
     <context:component-scan  base-package="test.SpringMVC"/>
     <!-- don't handle the static resource -->
     <mvc:default-servlet-handler  />
     <!-- if you use annotation you must configure following setting -->
     <mvc:annotation-driven  />
      
     <!-- configure the InternalResourceViewResolver -->
     <bean  class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
             id="internalResourceViewResolver">
         <!-- 前缀 -->
         <property  name="prefix"  value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"  />
         <!-- 后缀 -->
         <property  name="suffix"  value=".jsp"  />
     </bean>
 </beans>
 

　　4.在WEB-INF文件夹下创建名为jsp的文件夹，用来存放jsp视图。创建一个hello.jsp，在body中添加“Hello World”。

　　5.建立包及Controller，如下所示

　　6.编写Controller代码

  @Controller
 @RequestMapping("/mvc")
 public  class  mvcController {
     @RequestMapping("/hello")
     public  String hello(){        
         return  "hello";
     }
 }
 

　　7.启动服务器，键入 http://localhost:8080/项目名/mvc/hello

　二、配置解析

　　1.Dispatcherservlet

　　DispatcherServlet是前置控制器，配置在web.xml文件中的。拦截匹配的请求，Servlet拦截匹配规则要自已定义，把拦截下来的请求，依据相应的规则分发到目标Controller来处理，是配置spring MVC的第一步。

　　2.InternalResourceViewResolver

　　视图名称解析器

　　3.以上出现的注解

　　@Controller 负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中

　　@RequestMapping 注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求

　三、SpringMVC常用注解

　　@Controller

　　负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中

　　@RequestMapping

　　注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求

　　@RequestBody

　　该注解用于读取Request请求的body部分数据，使用系统默认配置的HttpMessageConverter进行解析，然后把相应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上 ,再把HttpMessageConverter返回的对象数据绑定到 controller中方法的参数上

　　@ResponseBody

　　该注解用于将Controller的方法返回的对象，通过适当的HttpMessageConverter转换为指定格式后，写入到Response对象的body数据区

　　@ModelAttribute 　　　

　　在方法定义上使用 @ModelAttribute 注解：Spring MVC 在调用目标处理方法前，会先逐个调用在方法级上标注了@ModelAttribute 的方法

　　在方法的入参前使用 @ModelAttribute 注解：可以从隐含对象中获取隐含的模型数据中获取对象，再将请求参数 –绑定到对象中，再传入入参将方法入参对象添加到模型中

　　@RequestParam　

　　在处理方法入参处使用 @RequestParam 可以把请求参数传递给请求方法

　　@PathVariable

　　绑定 URL 占位符到入参

　　@ExceptionHandler

　　注解到方法上，出现异常时会执行该方法

　　@ControllerAdvice

　　使一个Contoller成为全局的异常处理类，类中用@ExceptionHandler方法注解的方法可以处理所有Controller发生的异常

　四、自动匹配参数

  //match automatically
 @RequestMapping("/person")
 public  String toPerson(String name,double  age){
     System.out.println(name+" "+age);
     return  "hello";
 }
 

　五、自动装箱

　　1.编写一个Person实体类

  package  test.SpringMVC.model;
 public  class  Person {
     public  String getName() {
         return  name;
     }
     public  void  setName(String name) {
         this.name = name;
     }
     public  int  getAge() {
         return  age;
     }
     public  void  setAge(int  age) {
         this.age = age;
     }
     private  String name;
     private  int  age;
      
 }
 

　　2.在Controller里编写方法

  //boxing automatically
 @RequestMapping("/person1")
 public  String toPerson(Person p){
     System.out.println(p.getName()+" "+p.getAge());
     return  "hello";
 }
 

　六、使用InitBinder来处理Date类型的参数

  //the parameter was converted in initBinder
 @RequestMapping("/date")
 public  String date(Date date){
     System.out.println(date);
     return  "hello";
 }
     
 //At the time of initialization,convert the type "String" to type "date"
 @InitBinder
 public  void  initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder){
     binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class, new  CustomDateEditor(new  SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"),
             true));
 }
 

　七、向前台传递参数

  //pass the parameters to front-end
 @RequestMapping("/show")
 public  String showPerson(Map<String,Object> map){
     Person p =new  Person();
     map.put("p", p);
     p.setAge(20);
     p.setName("jayjay");
     return  "show";
 }
 

　　前台可在Request域中取到"p"

　八、使用Ajax调用

  //pass the parameters to front-end using ajax
 @RequestMapping("/getPerson")
 public  void  getPerson(String name,PrintWriter pw){
     pw.write("hello,"+name);        
 }
 @RequestMapping("/name")
 public  String sayHello(){
     return  "name";
 }
 

　　前台用下面的Jquery代码调用

  $(function(){
     $("#btn").click(function(){
        $.post("mvc/getPerson",{name:$("#name").val()},function(data){
             alert(data);
         });
     });
 });
 

　九、在Controller中使用redirect方式处理请求

  //redirect 
 @RequestMapping("/redirect")
 public  String redirect(){
     return  "redirect:hello";
 }
 

　十、文件上传

　　1.需要导入两个jar包

　　2.在SpringMVC配置文件中加入

  <!-- upload settings -->
 <bean  id="multipartResolver"   class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
     <property  name="maxUploadSize"  value="102400000"></property>
 </bean>
 

　　3.方法代码

  @RequestMapping(value="/upload",method=RequestMethod.POST)
 public  String upload(HttpServletRequest req) throws  Exception{
     MultipartHttpServletRequest mreq = (MultipartHttpServletRequest)req;
     MultipartFile file = mreq.getFile("file");
     String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename();
     SimpleDateFormat sdf = new  SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss");        
     FileOutputStream fos = new  FileOutputStream(req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/")+
             "upload/"+sdf.format(new  Date())+fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf('.')));
     fos.write(file.getBytes());
     fos.flush();
     fos.close();
      
     return  "hello";
 }
 

　　4.前台form表单

  <form  action="mvc/upload"  method="post"  enctype="multipart/form-data">
     <input  type="file"  name="file"><br>
     <input  type="submit"  value="submit">
 </form>
 

　十一、使用@RequestParam注解指定参数的name

  @Controller
 @RequestMapping("/test")
 public  class  mvcController1 {
     @RequestMapping(value="/param")
     public  String testRequestParam(@RequestParam(value="id") Integer id,
             @RequestParam(value="name")String name){
         System.out.println(id+" "+name);
         return  "/hello";
     }    
 }
 

　十二、RESTFul风格的SringMVC

　　1.RestController

  @Controller
 @RequestMapping("/rest")
 public  class  RestController {
     @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET)
     public  String get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
         System.out.println("get"+id);
         return  "/hello";
     }
      
     @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.POST)
     public  String post(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
         System.out.println("post"+id);
         return  "/hello";
     }
      
     @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.PUT)
     public  String put(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
         System.out.println("put"+id);
         return  "/hello";
     }
      
     @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
     public  String delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
         System.out.println("delete"+id);
         return  "/hello";
     }
      
 }
 

　　2.form表单发送put和delete请求

　　在web.xml中配置

  <!-- configure the HiddenHttpMethodFilter,convert the post method to put or delete -->
 <filter>
     <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
     <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
 </filter>
 <filter-mapping>
     <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
     <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
 </filter-mapping>
 

　　在前台可以用以下代码产生请求

  <form  action="rest/user/1"  method="post">
     <input  type="hidden"  name="_method"  value="PUT">
     <input  type="submit"  value="put">
 </form>
 <form  action="rest/user/1"  method="post">
     <input  type="submit"  value="post">
 </form>
 <form  action="rest/user/1"  method="get">
     <input  type="submit"  value="get">
 </form>
 <form  action="rest/user/1"  method="post">
     <input  type="hidden"  name="_method"  value="DELETE">
     <input  type="submit"  value="delete">
 </form>
 

　十三、返回json格式的字符串

　　1.导入以下jar包

　　2.方法代码

  @Controller
 @RequestMapping("/json")
 public  class  jsonController {
      
     @ResponseBody
     @RequestMapping("/user")
     public   User get(){
         User u = new  User();
         u.setId(1);
         u.setName("jayjay");
         u.setBirth(new  Date());
         return  u;
     }
 }
 

　十四、异常的处理

　　1.处理局部异常（Controller内）

  @ExceptionHandler
 public  ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){
     ModelAndView mv = new  ModelAndView("error");
     mv.addObject("exception", ex);
     System.out.println("in testExceptionHandler");
     return  mv;
 }
     
 @RequestMapping("/error")
 public  String error(){
     int  i = 5/0;
     return  "hello";
 }
 

　　2.处理全局异常（所有Controller）

  @ControllerAdvice
 public  class  testControllerAdvice {
     @ExceptionHandler
     public  ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){
         ModelAndView mv = new  ModelAndView("error");
         mv.addObject("exception", ex);
         System.out.println("in testControllerAdvice");
         return  mv;
     }
 }
 

　　3.另一种处理全局异常的方法

　　在SpringMVC配置文件中配置

  <!-- configure SimpleMappingExceptionResolver -->
 <bean  class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">
     <property  name="exceptionMappings">
         <props>
             <prop  key="java.lang.ArithmeticException">error</prop>
         </props>
     </property>
 </bean>
 

　　error是出错页面

　十五、设置一个自定义拦截器

　　1.创建一个MyInterceptor类，并实现HandlerInterceptor接口

  public  class  MyInterceptor implements  HandlerInterceptor {
     @Override
     public  void  afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0,
             HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3)
             throws  Exception {
         System.out.println("afterCompletion");
     }
     @Override
     public  void  postHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,
             Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3) throws  Exception {
         System.out.println("postHandle");
     }
     @Override
     public  boolean  preHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,
             Object arg2) throws  Exception {
         System.out.println("preHandle");
         return  true;
     }
 }
 

　　2.在SpringMVC的配置文件中配置

  <!-- interceptor setting -->
 <mvc:interceptors>
     <mvc:interceptor>
         <mvc:mapping  path="/mvc/**"/>
         <bean  class="test.SpringMVC.Interceptor.MyInterceptor"></bean>
     </mvc:interceptor>        
 </mvc:interceptors>
 

　　3.拦截器执行顺序

　十六、表单的验证（使用Hibernate-validate）及国际化

　　1.导入Hibernate-validate需要的jar包

(未选中不用导入)

　　2.编写实体类User并加上验证注解

  public  class  User {
     public  int  getId() {
         return  id;
     }
     public  void  setId(int  id) {
         this.id = id;
     }
     public  String getName() {
         return  name;
     }
     public  void  setName(String name) {
         this.name = name;
     }
     public  Date getBirth() {
         return  birth;
     }
     public  void  setBirth(Date birth) {
         this.birth = birth;
     }
     @Override
     public  String toString() {
         return  "User [id="  + id + ", name="  + name + ", birth="  + birth + "]";
     }    
     private  int  id;
     @NotEmpty
     private  String name;
     @Past
     @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")
     private  Date birth;
 }
 

　　ps:@Past表示时间必须是一个过去值

　　3.在jsp中使用SpringMVC的form表单

  <form:form  action="form/add"  method="post"  modelAttribute="user">
     id:<form:input  path="id"/><form:errors  path="id"/><br>
     name:<form:input  path="name"/><form:errors  path="name"/><br>
     birth:<form:input  path="birth"/><form:errors  path="birth"/>
     <input  type="submit"  value="submit">
 </form:form>
 

　　ps:path对应name

　　4.Controller中代码

  @Controller
 @RequestMapping("/form")
 public  class  formController {
     @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.POST)    
     public  String add(@Valid  User u,BindingResult br){
         if(br.getErrorCount()>0){            
             return  "addUser";
         }
         return  "showUser";
     }
      
     @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.GET)
     public  String add(Map<String,Object> map){
         map.put("user",new  User());
         return  "addUser";
     }
 }
 

　　ps:

　　1.因为jsp中使用了modelAttribute属性，所以必须在request域中有一个"user".

　　2.@Valid 表示按照在实体上标记的注解验证参数

　　3.返回到原页面错误信息回回显，表单也会回显

　　5.错误信息自定义

　　在src目录下添加locale.properties

NotEmpty.user.name=name can't not be empty
Past.user.birth=birth should be a past value
DateTimeFormat.user.birth=the format of input is wrong
typeMismatch.user.birth=the format of input is wrong
typeMismatch.user.id=the format of input is wrong

　　在SpringMVC配置文件中配置

  <!-- configure the locale resource -->
 <bean  id="messageSource"  class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
     <property  name="basename"  value="locale"></property>
 </bean>
 

　　6.国际化显示

　　在src下添加locale_zh_CN.properties

username=账号
password=密码

　　locale.properties中添加

username=user name
password=password

　　创建一个locale.jsp

  <body>
   <fmt:message  key="username"></fmt:message>
   <fmt:message  key="password"></fmt:message>
 </body>
 

　　在SpringMVC中配置

  <!-- make the jsp page can be visited -->
 <mvc:view-controller  path="/locale"  view-name="locale"/>
 

　　让locale.jsp在WEB-INF下也能直接访问

　　最后，访问locale.jsp，切换浏览器语言，能看到账号和密码的语言也切换了

　十七、压轴大戏--整合SpringIOC和SpringMVC

　　1.创建一个test.SpringMVC.integrate的包用来演示整合，并创建各类

　　2.User实体类

  public  class  User {
     public  int  getId() {
         return  id;
     }
     public  void  setId(int  id) {
         this.id = id;
     }
     public  String getName() {
         return  name;
     }
     public  void  setName(String name) {
         this.name = name;
     }
     public  Date getBirth() {
         return  birth;
     }
     public  void  setBirth(Date birth) {
         this.birth = birth;
     }
     @Override
     public  String toString() {
         return  "User [id="  + id + ", name="  + name + ", birth="  + birth + "]";
     }    
     private  int  id;
     @NotEmpty
     private  String name;
     @Past
     @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")
     private  Date birth;
 }
 

　　3.UserService类

  @Component
 public  class  UserService {
     public  UserService(){
         System.out.println("UserService Constructor...\n\n\n\n\n\n");
     }
      
     public  void  save(){
         System.out.println("save");
     }
 }
 

　　4.UserController

  @Controller
 @RequestMapping("/integrate")
 public  class  UserController {
     @Autowired
     private  UserService userService;
      
     @RequestMapping("/user")
     public  String saveUser(@RequestBody  @ModelAttribute  User u){
         System.out.println(u);
         userService.save();
         return  "hello";
     }
 }
 

　　5.Spring配置文件

　　在src目录下创建SpringIOC的配置文件applicationContext.xml

  <?xml  version="1.0"  encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <beans  xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd 
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/util 
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
         "
         xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
         xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
         xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"   
         >
     <context:component-scan  base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate">
         <context:exclude-filter  type="annotation"
             expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
         <context:exclude-filter  type="annotation"
             expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>        
     </context:component-scan>
      
 </beans>
 

　　在Web.xml中添加配置

  <!-- configure the springIOC -->
 <listener>
     <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
 </listener>
 <context-param>  
   <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>  
   <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
 </context-param>
 

　　6.在SpringMVC中进行一些配置，防止SpringMVC和SpringIOC对同一个对象的管理重合

  <!-- scan the package and the sub package -->
     <context:component-scan  base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate">
         <context:include-filter  type="annotation"
             expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
         <context:include-filter  type="annotation"
             expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>
     </context:component-scan>
 

　十八、SpringMVC详细运行流程图

　十九、SpringMVC与struts2的区别

　　1、springmvc基于方法开发的，struts2基于类开发的。springmvc将url和controller里的方法映射。映射成功后springmvc生成一个Handler对象，对象中只包括了一个method。方法执行结束，形参数据销毁。springmvc的controller开发类似web service开发。

　　2、springmvc可以进行单例开发，并且建议使用单例开发，struts2通过类的成员变量接收参数，无法使用单例，只能使用多例。

　　3、经过实际测试，struts2速度慢，在于使用struts标签，如果使用struts建议使用jstl。

见：http://www.admin10000.com/document/6436.html