通过Publisher Confirms and Returns机制，生产者可以判断消息是否发送到了exchange及queue，而通过消费者确认机制，Rabbitmq可以决定是否重发消息给消费者，以保证消息被处理。

1.什么是Publisher Confirms and Returns？

Delivery processing acknowledgements from consumers to RabbitMQ are known as acknowledgements in AMQP 0-9-1 parlance; broker acknowledgements to publishers are a protocol extension called publisher confirms. 
地址：http://www.rabbitmq.com/confirms.html

根据RabbitMq官网定义，rabbitmq代理(broker)对发布者(publishers)的确认被称作发布者确认(publisher confirms)，这种机制是Rabbitmq对标准Amqp协议的扩展。因此通过这种机制可以确认消息是否发送给了目标。

2.如何通过Spring amqp来使用Publisher Confirms and Returns机制？

Confirmed and returned messages are supported by setting the CachingConnectionFactory’s publisherConfirms and publisherReturns properties to ‘true’ respectively.When these options are set, Channel s created by the factory are wrapped in an PublisherCallbackChannel, which is used to facilitate the callbacks. When such a channel is obtained, the client can register a PublisherCallbackChannel.Listener with the Channel. The PublisherCallbackChannel implementation contains logic to route a confirm/return to the appropriate listener. These features are explained further in the following sections. 
http://docs.spring.io/spring-amqp/docs/1.6.3.RELEASE/reference/html/_reference.html#cf-pub-conf-ret

通过Spring amqp文档可以看到，要使用这种机制需要将Template模版的设publisherConfirms 或publisherReturns 属性设置为true，此外ConnectionFactory要配置为CachingConnectionFactory。

<bean id="connectionFactory"class="org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CachingConnectionFactory"><property name="host" value="192.168.2.133" /><property name="port" value="5672" /><property name="username" value="sun" /><property name="password" value="123456" /><property name="publisherConfirms" value="true" /><property name="publisherReturns" value="true" /></bean>

2.1 ConfirmCallback的使用及触发的一种场景

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.support.CorrelationData;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;/*** @author wangzhongqiu*         Created on 2017/10/31.* @description:继承RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback,消息确认监听器*/
@Service
public class ConfirmCallBackListener implements RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback {private Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CommonProducer.class);@Overridepublic void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean ack, String cause) {log.info("收到回调，成功发送到broker");}
}

2.2 ReturnCallback的使用及触发的一种场景

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;/*** @author wangzhongqiu*         Created on 2017/10/31.* @description:继承RabbitTemplate.ReturnCallback,消息发送失败返回监听器*/
@Service
public class ReturnCallBackListener implements RabbitTemplate.ReturnCallback {private Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CommonProducer.class);@Overridepublic void returnedMessage(Message message, int replyCode, String replyText, String exchange, String routingKey) {log.info("收到回调");log.info("return--message:" + new String(message.getBody()) + ",replyCode:" + replyCode + ",replyText:" + replyText + ",exchange:" + exchange + ",routingKey:" + routingKey);}
}

使用场景：

如果消息没有到exchange,则confirm回调,ack=false

如果消息到达exchange,则confirm回调,ack=true

exchange到queue成功,则不回调return

exchange到queue失败,则回调return(需设置mandatory=true,否则不回回调,消息就丢了)