python字符编码与转码

　　

详细文章:

http://www.cnblogs.com/yuanchenqi/articles/5956943.html

http://www.diveintopython3.net/strings.html

需知:

1.在python2默认编码是ASCII, python3里默认是unicode

2.unicode 分为 utf-32(占4个字节),utf-16(占两个字节)，utf-8(占1-4个字节)， so utf-16就是现在最常用的unicode版本， 不过在文件里存的还是utf-8，因为utf8省空间

3.在py3中encode,在转码的同时还会把string 变成bytes类型，decode在解码的同时还会把bytes变回string

 

 上图仅适用于py2

#-*-coding:utf-8-*-
__author__ = 'Alex Li'import sys
print(sys.getdefaultencoding())msg = "我爱北京天安门"
msg_gb2312 = msg.decode("utf-8").encode("gb2312")
gb2312_to_gbk = msg_gb2312.decode("gbk").encode("gbk")print(msg)
print(msg_gb2312)
print(gb2312_to_gbk)in python2

　　

#-*-coding:utf-8-*-
__author__ = 'Alex Li'import sys
print(sys.getdefaultencoding())msg = "我爱北京天安门"
msg_gb2312 = msg.decode("utf-8").encode("gb2312")
gb2312_to_gbk = msg_gb2312.decode("gbk").encode("gbk")print(msg)
print(msg_gb2312)
print(gb2312_to_gbk)in python2