7. Deep Learning From Scratch

Intro

这是深度学习第7课。

到目前为止，您构建的模型依赖于预先训练的模型。但它们不是许多用例的理想解决方案。在本课程中，您将学习如何构建全新的模型。

Lesson

[1]

from IPython.display import YouTubeVideo
YouTubeVideo('YbNE3zhtsoo', width=800, height=450)

Sample Code

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import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from tensorflow.python import keras
from tensorflow.python.keras.models import Sequential
from tensorflow.python.keras.layers import Dense, Flatten, Conv2D, Dropoutimg_rows, img_cols = 28, 28
num_classes = 10def data_prep(raw):out_y = keras.utils.to_categorical(raw.label, num_classes)num_images = raw.shape[0]x_as_array = raw.values[:,1:]x_shaped_array = x_as_array.reshape(num_images, img_rows, img_cols, 1)out_x = x_shaped_array / 255return out_x, out_ytrain_file = "../input/digit-recognizer/train.csv"
raw_data = pd.read_csv(train_file)x, y = data_prep(raw_data)model = Sequential()
model.add(Conv2D(20, kernel_size=(3, 3),activation='relu',input_shape=(img_rows, img_cols, 1)))
model.add(Conv2D(20, kernel_size=(3, 3), activation='relu'))
model.add(Flatten())
model.add(Dense(128, activation='relu'))
model.add(Dense(num_classes, activation='softmax'))model.compile(loss=keras.losses.categorical_crossentropy,optimizer='adam',metrics=['accuracy'])
model.fit(x, y,batch_size=128,epochs=2,validation_split = 0.2)

/opt/conda/lib/python3.6/site-packages/h5py/__init__.py:36: FutureWarning: Conversion of the second argument of issubdtype from `float` to `np.floating` is deprecated. In future, it will be treated as `np.float64 == np.dtype(float).type`.from ._conv import register_converters as _register_convertersTrain on 33600 samples, validate on 8400 samples
Epoch 1/2
33600/33600 [==============================] - 56s 2ms/step - loss: 0.2454 - acc: 0.9292 - val_loss: 0.0823 - val_acc: 0.9749
Epoch 2/2
33600/33600 [==============================] - 58s 2ms/step - loss: 0.0650 - acc: 0.9810 - val_loss: 0.0590 - val_acc: 0.9820<tensorflow.python.keras._impl.keras.callbacks.History at 0x7fa843394978>

Exercise: Modeling from Scratch

Introduction

您已经了解了如何从头开始构建模型以识别手写数字。您现在将构建一个模型来识别不同类型的服装。为了制作快速训练的模型，我们将使用非常小（低分辨率）的图像。

例如，您的模型将采用这样的图像并将其识别为鞋子：

Imgur

Data Preparation

代码如下，您不需要去修改他，运行一下代码。

【3】

import numpy as np
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from tensorflow.python import kerasimg_rows, img_cols = 28, 28
num_classes = 10def prep_data(raw, train_size, val_size):y = raw[:, 0]out_y = keras.utils.to_categorical(y, num_classes)x = raw[:,1:]num_images = raw.shape[0]out_x = x.reshape(num_images, img_rows, img_cols, 1)out_x = out_x / 255return out_x, out_yfashion_file = "../input/fashionmnist/fashion-mnist_train.csv"
fashion_data = np.loadtxt(fashion_file, skiprows=1, delimiter=',')
x, y = prep_data(fashion_data, train_size=50000, val_size=5000)

Specify Model

STEPS:

创建顺序模型。称之为fashion_model。
将3个Conv2D图层添加到fashion_model。使每个层有12个过滤器，kernel_size为3和relu激活。您需要为第一个Conv2D图层指定input_shape。在这种情况下，输入形状是（img_rows，img_cols，1）。
在最后一个Conv2D图层之后将fashionten图层添加到fashion_model。
在Flatten图层之后，将具有100个神经元的Dense图层添加到fashion_model。
将预测图层添加到fashion_model。这是一个密集层。我们已经有一个名为num_classes的变量。指定此层中的节点数时，请使用此变量。激活应该是softmax（或者你以后会遇到问题）。

【4】

from tensorflow.python import keras
from tensorflow.python.keras.models import Sequential
from tensorflow.python.keras.layers import Dense, Flatten, Conv2D# Your Code Here

Compile Model

运行命令fashion_model.compile。指定以下参数：

loss = keras.losses.categorical_crossentropy
optimizer = 'adam'
metrics = ['accuracy']

【5】

# Your code to compile the model in this cell

Fit Model

运行命令fashion_model.fit。你将会用到的参数有：

The first two are arguments are the data used to fit the model, which are x and y respectively.
batch_size = 100
epochs = 4
validation_split = 0.2

当你运行此命令时，你会看到你的模型正在改善，您将看到验证的准确性。

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