hackintosh黑苹果

by Simon Waters

西蒙·沃特斯(Simon Waters)

如何构建用于编码的Hackintosh (How to build a Hackintosh for coding)

Let’s talk about Hackintosh-ing — the installation of Mac OS X on PC hardware.

我们来谈谈Hackintosh-ing-在PC硬件上安装Mac OSX。

If you want a Mac-compatible computer, but don’t want to shell out thousands of dollars, a Hackintosh can help you code for iOS without buying a Mac.

如果您想要一台与Mac兼容的计算机，但又不想花数千美元，那么Hackintosh可以帮助您为iOS编写代码，而无需购买Mac。

So without further ado, here’s a quick overview of how to build a Hackintosh, its benefits, and hazards you should watch out for.

因此，事不宜迟，这里简要概述了如何构建Hackintosh，它的好处和应注意的危害。

Well the HP Elitebook 8470p #hackintosh is now built. Time to carry on with @FreeCodeCamp -ing, now that I’m mobile pic.twitter.com/w1psj9Gkud
现在，HP Elitebook 8470p #hackintosh已建成。 时间进行与@FreeCodeCamp -ing，现在我手机pic.twitter.com/w1psj9Gkud

— Simon Waters (@developersimon) June 12, 2016
— Simon Waters(@developersimon) 2016年6月12日

什么是“黑客入侵”？ (What is a “Hackintosh”?)

For a number of years now, Apple Macs have shipped with Intel processors, the very same ones found in a PC. In fact, quite a number of hardware components are similar on both PC and Mac, aside from the shiny aluminum case.

多年来，Apple Macs都已经配备了Intel处理器，与PC中的处理器相同。实际上，除了有光泽的铝制外壳外，PC和Mac上还有许多相似的硬件组件。

And some intelligent people have figured out a way to install Mac OS X standard PC hardware, thereby fooling it into thinking it’s a real Mac.

一些聪明的人已经想出了一种安装Mac OS X标准PC硬件的方法，从而愚弄了它以为是真正的Mac。

The main benefit is, of course, price. Building your own Hackintosh from a list of pre-vetted components known to be compatible will cost you considerably less than a real Mac.

当然，主要的好处是价格。从一系列已知兼容的经过预先审查的组件中构建自己的Hackintosh，比真正的Mac花费更少。

The downside to all this is that building a Hackintosh is that it’s not for the faint-hearted — it takes some research and some knowledge of building a PC, and an element of trial and error to get a fully working system.

所有这一切的不利之处在于，构建Hackintosh并不是为了让胆怯的人—它需要一些研究和一些知识才能构建PC，并且需要反复试验的要素才能获得一个完整的工作系统。

Luckily for us, there are a lot of really great resources online to help in building a Hackintosh.

对我们来说幸运的是，在线上有很多非常有用的资源可以帮助您构建Hackintosh。

My personal favorite is www.tonymacx86.com, where you’ll find hardware buying guides. It also showcases handy installer tools such as Unibeast and Multibeast, which pretty much create a Hackintosh for you if you have the right hardware.

我个人最喜欢的是www.tonymacx86.com ，您可以在其中找到硬件购买指南。它也展示了方便的安装工具，如Unibeast和Multibeast ，这几乎创造的Hackintosh你，如果你有合适的硬件。

我该如何开始？ (How do I get started?)

Your best bet is to head over to this beginners post and get reading to familiarize yourself with it all.

最好的选择是浏览这篇初学者文章，然后阅读以熟悉所有内容。

In a nutshell, you start by getting a hold of the latest version of Mac OS X. This guide will help you.

简而言之，您首先可以获取最新版本的Mac OSX。本指南将为您提供帮助。

You then use Unibeast to create a USB installer of Mac OS X, which will boot on a PC. Once you boot with this USB, you are able to install Mac OS onto a hard drive of your choice.

然后，您使用Unibeast创建Mac OS X的USB安装程序，它将在PC上启动。使用该USB引导后，便可以将Mac OS安装到您选择的硬盘上。

The final step is to use Multibeast, which allows you to customize your installation, installing custom Mac drivers (known as “kexts” — kernel extensions). These talk to all your hardware and make sure it’s all recognized as “official” Mac components. It also allows you to boot into Mac OS X without needing the USB drive created earlier, giving you a standalone Mac system.

最后一步是使用Multibeast，它允许您自定义安装，安装自定义Mac驱动程序(称为“ kexts” —内核扩展)。这些与您的所有硬件都在交谈，并确保将其全部识别为“官方” Mac组件。它还使您可以启动Mac OS X，而无需先前创建的USB驱动器，从而为您提供了独立的Mac系统。

有什么好处？ (What are the benefits?)

The main benefit to using a Hackintosh is a much better cost/performance ratio compared to a real Mac. You can save a thousand dollars or more.

与真正的Mac相比，使用Hackintosh的主要好处是性价比更高。您可以节省一千美元或更多。

Because you can use off-the-shelf hardware, you can in theory build a Mac-compatible computer that is more powerful than any Macs that Apple sells.

因为您可以使用现成的硬件，所以从理论上讲，您可以构建与Mac兼容的计算机，该计算机比Apple出售的任何Mac都要强大。

You also get to experience the pure joy of using Mac OS X, which is of course a far superior OS than Windows. (Cue the flame war).

您还可以体验使用Mac OS X带来的纯粹乐趣，Mac OS X当然比Windows优越得多。 (提示火焰战争)。

Finally, you get access to XCode for development. You can create an Apple ID as normal and use it to publish your apps to the App Store.

最后，您可以访问XCode进行开发。您可以正常创建一个Apple ID，并使用它来将您的应用发布到App Store。

有什么陷阱？ (What are the pitfalls?)

Updating to the next version of Mac OS X comes with some risks. You can mostly mitigate these risks by using the Clover bootloader, which keeps all your custom Hackintosh files in a separate area on your hard drive, called the EFI partition. This partition won’t be overwritten by an OS update.

升级到下一版Mac OS X会带来一些风险。您可以使用Clover引导程序来减轻这些风险，该引导程序将所有自定义的Hackintosh文件保存在硬盘驱动器上的单独区域(称为EFI分区)中。该分区不会被操作系统更新覆盖。

You may not get everything working correctly the first time, so you need to spend a fair bit of time Googling error codes to find out what’s gone wrong. There are very few problems for which there’s no pre-discovered solution, though.

您可能无法在第一时间使一切正常运行，因此您需要花费大量时间Google搜寻错误代码以找出问题所在。但是，很少有问题没有预先发现的解决方案。

我可以将笔记本电脑变成Hackintosh吗？ (Can I turn my laptop into a Hackintosh?)

Yes, you can! It’s a bit trickier though, because you are far more limited in hardware customization options than you would be with a desktop computer.

是的你可以！但是，这有点棘手，因为与台式机相比，您在硬件自定义选项上的限制要大得多。

It will either work, or it won’t. Your best bet is to simply Google “laptop model” + “Hackintosh” and see what comes up.

它会起作用，或者不会起作用。最好的选择就是简单地使用Google“笔记本电脑模型” +“ Hackintosh”，然后看看会发生什么。

I did my own research, and can tell you that the HP Elitebook 8470p works perfectly, once you swap out the WiFi card for a $2 one from China on eBay. I picked mine up from a UK laptop refurbishment company for GBP£120 (around USD $180–200). It’s the i5 2.6 Ghz version, with the 14-inch standard definition screen. A lot cheaper than repairing my broken 2008 Macbook Pro!

我进行了自己的研究，可以告诉您，一旦您在eBay上从中国以2美元的价格交换了WiFi卡，HP Elitebook 8470p即可正常工作。我从一家英国笔记本电脑翻新公司买了我的东西，价格为120英镑(约合180–200美元)。它是i5 2.6 Ghz版本，带有14英寸标清屏幕。比修复我坏掉的2008 Macbook Pro便宜得多！

As you can see, it is recognized as a mid 2012 Macbook Pro.

如您所见，它被认为是2012年中期的Macbook Pro。

什么是用于Hackintosh的最佳硬件？ (What’s the best hardware to use for a Hackintosh?)

If you’re looking to build a new computer from scratch, head over to www.tonymacx86.com and look at the latest buyers guide (updated monthly). Any components you pick from that list will work, but the most important are the motherboard and CPU. I’ve found that RAM and storage barely make any difference. With a fully-compatible motherboard (Gigabyte’s work well), you won’t need any external ethernet or WiFi cards, as you’ll have everything working “out-of-the-box”.

如果您想从头开始构建新计算机，请访问www.tonymacx86.com，并查看最新的购买者指南(每月更新)。您从该列表中选择的所有组件都可以使用，但是最重要的是主板和CPU。我发现RAM和存储几乎没有任何区别。使用完全兼容的主板(技嘉可以很好地工作)，您将不需要任何外部以太网或WiFi卡，因为一切都将“开箱即用”。

Here’s the current Hackintosh configuration I use for my for my desktop computer:

这是我用于台式机的当前Hackintosh配置：

Gigabyte Z97-SLI Motherboard
技嘉Z97-SLI主板
Intel 4770K CPU @ 3.5 Ghz
英特尔4770K CPU @ 3.5 Ghz
16GB Corsair RAM (2x 8GB sticks)
16GB海盗船RAM(2个8GB记忆棒)
Gigabyte 760 OC Windforce edition GFX
技嘉760 OC Windforce版GFX
128GB SSD for the OS
适用于操作系统的128GB SSD
3TB and 1.5TB 7200 HDs for storage
3TB和1.5TB 7200 HD用于存储

The SSD works great. I can boot my desktop in about 10–15 seconds.

SSD很棒。我可以在大约10–15秒内启动桌面。

Back when I started Hackintoshing in around 2009–10, I use an ancient Asus P5K with Core 2 Quad Q6600 processor as my Mac Pro, to compliment my real Macbook Pro early 2008 edition.

早在2009年10月左右开始Hackintoshing时，我使用带有Core 2 Quad Q6600处理器的古老Asus P5K作为我的Mac Pro，以补充我真正的Macbook Pro 2008年初版。

它要多少钱？ (How much does it cost?)

It’s entirely dependent on which components you buy, of course, but you can expect to pay a great deal less than a real Mac. Especially if, like me, you already have a range of PC parts lying around (monitor, keyboard, mouse, case, hard drives etc).

当然，这完全取决于您购买的组件，但是与真正的Mac相比，您可以节省很多钱。尤其是像我一样，如果您已经拥有一系列PC部件(显示器，键盘，鼠标，机箱，硬盘驱动器等)。

You don’t really need to invest in a fancy graphics card. The onboard Intel HD4000 that comes with Core CPUs is compatible.

您真的不需要投资购买精美的图形卡。核心CPU随附的板载Intel HD4000是兼容的。

My desktop rig was upgraded last year for about £100 (motherboard), £165 (CPU), and £90 (RAM). I already owned the rest of the components.

我的台式机设备去年进行了升级，价格分别为100英镑(主板)，165英镑(CPU)和90英镑(RAM)。我已经拥有其余的组件。

我的Hackintosh可以用来做什么？ (What can I use my Hackintosh for?)

Anything you’d use a real Mac for. I tend to use my for day-to-day stuff. I also use it in coding my video game in Unreal Engine, which is inspired by the 1980s video game Spindizzy. The main advantage is that I can also export my game to iOS, because XCode is required for iOS development.

任何您要使用真实Mac的东西。我倾向于用我的日常用品。我还用它在Unreal Engine中为我的视频游戏编写代码，该游戏的灵感来自1980年代的视频游戏Spindizzy。主要优点是我还可以将游戏导出到iOS，因为XCode是iOS开发所必需的。

Windows呢？ (What about Windows?)

The beauty of a desktop Hackintosh is that you can (with a bit of work) dual boot Mac OS X and Windows from the same hard drive. However, before you attempt this, it’s worth pointing out that to save any future headaches, you really should consider just using a separate hard drive for each OS. This is due to some technicalities with bootloaders being overwritten once you install Windows. Google “Dual Boot Hackintoshes” for more info.

台式机Hackintosh的优点在于，您可以(只需做一些工作)就可以从同一硬盘上双重启动Mac OS X和Windows。但是，在尝试进行此操作之前，值得指出的是，为避免将来出现任何麻烦，您确实应该考虑为每个OS使用单独的硬盘驱动器。这是由于安装Windows后，引导加载程序的某些技术会被覆盖。谷歌“ Dual Boot Hackintoshes”获取更多信息。

下一步 (Next steps)

Get yourself over to tonymacx86.com and start your research. From a user experience point of view, once you are up and running, there is no difference between a Hackintosh and a real Mac, other than the shiny box it comes it. In terms of performance, you will get far more for your money, and these days stability is just as good as a real Mac.

将您自己带到tonymacx86.com并开始您的研究。从用户体验的角度来看，一旦启动并运行，Hackintosh和真正的Mac之间就没有区别，除了它附带的闪亮框。在性能方面，您将物有所值，而且如今的稳定性与真正的Mac一样好。

Happy Hackintoshing!

快乐的Hackintoshing！

Originally published at simonwaters.co.uk on June 30, 2016.

最初于2016年6月30日在simonwaters.co.uk上发布。