htt://3g.hn_根据我对“询问HN：谁在招聘？”的分析，开发人员技能发展趋势

htt://3g.hn

by Ryan Williams

瑞安·威廉姆斯(Ryan Williams)

For people learning to code and for experienced software developers alike, change is constant. There is always something new to learn. This includes programming languages, web frameworks, DevOps automation, mobile devices, front-end and back-end development, SQL and NoSQL databases, and so on.

对于学习编码的人以及经验丰富的软件开发人员而言，变化是不变的。总会有一些新东西要学习。这包括编程语言，Web框架，DevOps自动化，移动设备，前端和后端开发，SQL和NoSQL数据库等等。

I’ve been developing for 18 years. Even as I write this, I am learning about natural language processing, engineering management, Elixir, Docker and more. It never ends.

我已经开发了18年了。即使在撰写本文时，我仍在学习自然语言处理，工程管理，Elixir，Docker等。它永远不会结束。

But then again, maybe that’s one of the things that interested you about coding in the first place. It’s the rush of that initial “Hello World” that makes you feel creative and powerful at the same time. It’s exciting to feel that again and again when we work with new technologies.

但是话又说回来，也许这是您首先对编码感兴趣的一件事。最初的“ Hello World”急于使您同时具有创造力和力量。当我们使用新技术时，一次又一次感到如此令人兴奋。

As a self-taught web developer who loves to learn new technologies, this aspect of software development has always fascinated me.

作为一个喜欢学习新技术的自学成才的Web开发人员，软件开发的这一方面一直令我着迷。

A few years ago, I became curious about identifying emerging technologies and predicting them. So I created Hacker News Hiring Trends, or HN Hiring Trends for short. Hacker News is one of the most popular discussion boards for programmers. It is also one of the best places to discover new technologies. Every month Hacker News hosts a thread called “Ask HN: Who is Hiring?” Users also post jobs opportunities from their companies on this thread.

几年前，我对确定新兴技术并对其进行预测感到好奇。因此，我创建了Hacker News Hiring Trends或简称HN Hiring Trends。黑客新闻是最受程序员欢迎的讨论区之一。它也是发现新技术的最佳场所之一。每个月，Hacker News都会主持一个名为“ Ask HN：招聘人员”的主题。用户还可以在此线程上发布其公司的工作机会。

The fact that these job opportunities are posted monthly and that most are from start-ups (new technologies are usually created or used in start-ups) makes this the ideal environment to capture data. Data which can be used to discover trends.

这些工作机会每月发布一次，而且大多数来自初创企业(通常是在初创企业中创建或使用新技术)，这使它成为捕获数据的理想环境。可用于发现趋势的数据。

While there already existed projects which track of programming language trends, such as TIOBE’s programming language index and RedMonk’s Programming Language Rankings, something was missing. The focus was purely on programming languages. With so much involved in creating software today, programming languages is only one of many choices. Google Trends serves as another source of inspiration. But it’s scope is the entire Internet. Again, the HN postings present a focused dataset every month.

尽管已经存在跟踪程序设计语言趋势的项目，例如TIOBE的程序设计语言索引和RedMonk的程序设计语言排名，但是仍然缺少一些东西。重点仅在于编程语言。在当今创建软件的过程中，有如此多的内容，编程语言只是众多选择之一。 Google趋势是另一个灵感来源。但是它的范围是整个Internet。同样，HN职位每个月都会提供一个集中的数据集。

Now, let’s dig into the latest trends.

现在，让我们来探讨最新趋势。

React的Swift崛起 (React’s rapid rise)

It’s a React world at the moment. It claims top spot in the rankings for both June and July 2017. React, the popular JavaScript library created by Facebook, and one that probably needs no introduction to the freeCodeCamp community, was only open sourced four years ago. Already it has climbed to the top of the chart. While this has been the most striking for the last couple of months, it’s also a trend that has been evident for some time. In June 2016 React reached the #2 spot in the rankings, and it was only getting hotter. It placed #1 for the first time in November 2016.

目前，这是一个React世界。它在2017年6月和2017年7月的排名中均名列前茅。React是Facebook创建的流行JavaScript库，并且可能不需要对freeCodeCamp社区进行介绍，该库仅在4年前开源。它已经爬到了图表的顶部。尽管这是过去几个月中最引人注目的，但这一趋势在一段时间内也很明显。在2016年6月，React到达了排名第二的位置，而且变得越来越热。它在2016年11月首次排名第一。

JavaScript开发人员的困境 (The plight of a JavaScript developer)

The speed at which React is rising is fascinating. This also speaks to the larger trend in the JavaScript community. JavaScript developers embrace change more so than developers in other areas in software development. When we started tracking data, the adoption of AngularJS was skyrocketing up the chart like nothing else before it. But AngularJS has not been able to maintain its pace. It has been dropping over the last three years. Also dropping is the once red-hot JavaScript frameworks and libraries. This also includes Backbone.js, jQuery, and CoffeeScript. CoffeeScript disappeared altogether in the July 2017 postings.

React的上升速度令人着迷。这也说明了JavaScript社区的更大趋势。 JavaScript开发人员比软件开发其他领域的开发人员更能接受更改。当我们开始跟踪数据时， AngularJS的采用使图表Swift飙升。但是AngularJS仍无法保持其步伐。在过去三年中，它一直在下降。同样丢弃的是曾经炙手可热JavaScript框架和库。这也包括Backbone.js ， jQuery和CoffeeScript 。 CoffeeScript在2017年7月的帖子中完全消失了。

History has not been kind to JavaScript frameworks and libraries. But where there is constant change, there is also opportunity for developers. We see that continue with relative newcomer Vue.js, which is beginning its climb up the chart.

历史对JavaScript框架和库并不友好。但是，在不断变化的地方，开发人员也有机会。我们会看到相对较新的Vue.js继续，它正在开始上升。

Additionally, as front-end development becomes more specialized and complicated, a whole new set of tools has emerged to glue together the different pieces of a modern JavaScript application. Examples of these emerging in the trends are webpack, Gulp and Bower.

此外，随着前端开发变得更加专业化和复杂化，出现了一套全新的工具来将现代JavaScript应用程序的不同部分粘合在一起。 webpack ， Gulp和Bower是这些趋势中涌现的例子。

争夺服务器端 (Battle for the server side)

While the JavaScript community provides the most fireworks, many other trends are interesting to keep an eye too. In the server-side battle, Node.js and Ruby on Rails have been at it for years. Their back-and-forth competition is intense. In July 2017, we saw a significant victory for Node.js, while Rails had a strong showing in June 2017. So this one is long from over.

尽管JavaScript社区提供了最多的烟花，但也有许多其他趋势值得关注。在服务器端之战中， Node.js和Ruby on Rails已经存在多年了。他们来回的竞争非常激烈。在2017年7月，我们看到Node.js取得了重大胜利，而Rails在2017年6月取得了不错的成绩。

PostgreSQL无疑是数据库的赢家 (PostgreSQL a clear database winner)

Choosing a database technology is the safest selection in the stack. There are plenty of mature choices available. Databases, particularly relational databases like MySQL and PostgreSQL, have been around forever. They often outlast the other layers in an application. Nonetheless, one clear winner in these rankings has been PostgreSQL. Not only is it dominating MySQL now, but it is also beating MongoDB. And by the same margin. I was surprised that Heroku launched its PaaS with PostgreSQL as the primary database engine.

选择数据库技术是堆栈中最安全的选择。有很多成熟的选择。数据库，尤其是关系数据库(如MySQL和PostgreSQL )已经存在了很长时间。它们通常比应用程序中的其他层更持久。但是，在这些排名中，一个明显的赢家是PostgreSQL。它不仅现在统治着MySQL，而且还击败了MongoDB 。并且以同样的幅度。我很惊讶Heroku以PostgreSQL作为主要数据库引擎启动了PaaS。

Speaking of MongoDB, its popularity appears to be numbered. I question if PostgreSQL saved the relational database from the NoSQL revolution. Or did the concept burn itself out because developers went back to safer choices?

说到MongoDB，它的流行程度似乎已被编号。我质疑PostgreSQL是否从NoSQL革命中保存了关系数据库。还是因为开发人员返回了更安全的选择而使这个概念消失了？

移动的演变 (Mobile’s evolution)

It wasn’t too long ago, November 2016 to be exact, that iOS was a top 10 hiring term. Consistently in the top 20, iOS along with Android are still important development skills that hiring managers look for. But, there is a strong shift from native mobile development to hybrid, led by React Native. React Native has, in recent months, overtaken Swift, the primary programming language for native iOS development.

不久之前，确切地说是2016年11月，iOS成为十大招聘术语。在前20名中，iOS和Android始终是招聘经理寻找的重要开发技能。但是，在React Native的领导下，从本机移动开发向混合动力有了很大的转变。最近几个月，React Native已经超过了Swift ，后者是原生iOS开发的主要编程语言。

DevOps中的容器采用 (Container adoption within DevOps)

DevOps is another area that’s been hot in recent years. It is a top 10 term in job posting as well, with containers driving a lot of that growth. By containers, most think of the Docker, which is gaining ground fast and nearing the top 10. But, there’s also Kubernetes. It has been out for two years and is already approaching the top 20. With the rise of containers, which makes managing configuration and deployment easier, virtual machines are taking a hit. This can be seen in Vagrant’s declining popularity as a development environment tool.

DevOps是近年来热门的另一个领域。它也是职位发布中的前十个术语，其中容器推动了这一增长。对于容器，大多数人都想到了Docker ，它正在Swift发展并接近前十名。但是，还有Kubernetes 。已经有两年了，已经接近前20名。随着容器的兴起，这使得管理配置和部署变得更加容易，虚拟机受到了很大的冲击。从Vagrant作为开发环境工具的受欢迎程度下降可以看出这一点。

框架来来去去，但语言永不消亡 (Frameworks come and go, but languages never die)

Of course, programming languages drive much of what we do as developers. But out of the top 20 terms in July 2017, only 5 are programming languages:

当然，编程语言驱动着我们作为开发人员的工作。但是在2017年7月的前20个术语中，只有5种是编程语言：

· Python (#2)

·Python(＃2)

· JavaScript (#3)

·JavaScript(＃3)

· Java (#8)

·Java(＃8)

· Ruby (#13)

·Ruby(＃13)

· C++ (#20)

·C ++(＃20)

But these languages have been at the top of the chart since the beginning. The first report, released in June 2013, shows JavaScript, Python, Java and Ruby in the top 10. Now, because there is a handful of languages remaining at the top, that doesn’t mean nothing is happening. Several languages that were introduced in the last few years are picking up steam, for example Go, Elixir, Rust, and Kotlin.

但是从一开始，这些语言就一直排在榜首。 2013年6月发布的第一份报告将JavaScript，Python，Java和Ruby排在前10名。现在，由于顶部仅剩少数语言，这并不意味着什么也没有发生。最近几年引入的几种语言正在Swift发展，例如Go，Elixir，Rust和Kotlin。

下一件大事 (Next big thing)

What would a trends analysis today be without including artificial intelligence and machine learning? Over the last few years, we’ve seen most of the big tech companies embark on major AI initiatives. From self-driving cars to home assistants, these applications are making their way into our lives. But as developers, what does it mean?

如果不包括人工智能和机器学习，今天的趋势分析将是什么？在过去的几年中，我们已经看到大多数大型科技公司都在进行重大的AI计划。从无人驾驶汽车到家庭助理，这些应用程序正在进入我们的生活。但是作为开发人员，这意味着什么？

Let’s take a look. Machine learning hit the #6 spot in July 2017 and is now mentioned in 12% of all postings. From the trends, you can see that machine learning and AI both experienced a significant upward spike. It means I need to open some new tabs.

让我们来看看。机器学习在2017年7月排名第六位，现在在所有发布中占12％。从趋势中，您可以看到机器学习和AI都经历了显着的上升。这意味着我需要打开一些新标签。

Hacker News Hiring Trends publishes every month. Subscribe and you will receive the latest trends. Have a language, framework, or library that you think is missing? Leave a comment below or on Twitter. Also, check out ScoutZen to track trends and analyze tech communities.

黑客新闻招聘趋势每月发布一次。订阅，您将收到最新趋势。您是否认为缺少一种语言，框架或库？在下面或在Twitter上发表评论。另外，请查看ScoutZen以跟踪趋势并分析技术社区。