一、单节点部署

ubuntu20采用DevStack部署OpenStack - wallaby

1. 环境准备

1.1 镜像源

sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse multiverse

1.2 pip源

sudo mkdir ~/.pip && sudo vim ~/.pip/pip.conf

[global]
index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
[install]
trusted-host = pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn

1.3 安装依赖包

更新并安装依赖包

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt install bridge-utils git python3-pip
sudo pip3 install wheel

2. OpenStack安装 - wallaby

2.1 添加stack用户

# 添加 stack 用户
sudo useradd -s /bin/bash -d /opt/stack -m stack# 授予 sudo 权限
echo "stack ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL" | sudo tee /etc/sudoers.d/stack# 以 stack 用户登录
sudo su - stack

2.2 设置代理

export HTTP_PROXY=http://proxy_ip:port
export HTTPS_PROXY=http://proxy_ip:port# export HTTP_PROXY=http://10.70.181.238:7890
# export HTTPS_PROXY=http://10.70.181.238:7890

2.3 下载devstack，使用-b指定版本

git clone https://opendev.org/openstack/devstack.git -b stable/wallaby

2.4 进入devstack目录，编辑配置文件

cd devstack && vim local.conf

[[local|localrc]]HOST_IP=172.19.204.10GIT_BASE=http://git.trystack.cnADMIN_PASSWORD=123
DATABASE_PASSWORD=$ADMIN_PASSWORD
RABBIT_PASSWORD=$ADMIN_PASSWORD
SERVICE_PASSWORD=$ADMIN_PASSWORDOS_AUTH_URL=http://172.19.204.10:5000/v3DEST=/opt/stack
SCREEN_LOGDIR=$DEST/logs/screen

• ADMIN_PASSWORD：OpenStack 用户 admin 和 demo 的密码
• DATABASE_PASSWORD：MySQL 管理员用户密码
• RABBIT_PASSWORD：RabbitMQ 密码
• SERVICE_PASSWORD：服务组件和 KeyStone 交互的密码
• GIT_BASE：源代码托管服务器
• HOST_IP：绑定的 IP 地址

2.5 开始安装

# 安装
./stack.sh# 停止 DevStack
./unstack.sh# 停止 DevStack 并删除配置文件等
./clean.sh

2.6 安装完成

=========================
DevStack Component Timing(times are in seconds)  
=========================
wait_for_service      15
pip_install          118
apt-get               58
run_process           44
dbsync                23
apt-get-update         6
test_with_retry        2
async_wait             0
osc                  170
-------------------------
Unaccounted time     646
=========================
Total runtime        1082This is your host IP address: 172.19.204.10
This is your host IPv6 address: fc00:5a24:1958:1:5ea7:21ff:fe3c:17c4
Horizon is now available at http://172.19.204.10/dashboard
Keystone is serving at http://172.19.204.10/identity/
The default users are: admin and demo
The password: 123Services are running under systemd unit files.
For more information see: 
https://docs.openstack.org/devstack/latest/systemd.htmlDevStack Version: wallaby
Change: ea636e0a92670353ac48274e704d30662f722691 Write safe.directory items to system git config 2022-04-18 21:31:09 -0500
OS Version: Ubuntu 20.04 focal2022-04-21 15:05:10.495 | stack.sh completed in 1083 seconds.

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二、多节点部署

ubuntu20.04 LTS安装OpenStack Wallaby版本。一个controller节点，两个compute节点。

1. 环境准备

【环境准备】部分的所有操作均需要在各节点执行。

1.1 换源、依赖安装

1.1.1 镜像源

sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse multiverse

更新软件包：sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade

1.1.2 pip源

sudo mkdir ~/.pip && sudo vim ~/.pip/pip.conf

[global]
index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
[install]
trusted-host = pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn

1.1.3 安装部分依赖包

有的依赖包不安装后面可能会出错，因此先手动安装

sudo apt install bridge-utils git python3-pip
sudo pip3 install wheel

1.2 添加stack用户

添加用户stack，并设置为无密码可执行sudo命令。

# 添加 stack 用户
sudo useradd -s /bin/bash -d /opt/stack -m stack# 授予 sudo 权限
echo "stack ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL" | sudo tee /etc/sudoers.d/stack# 以 stack 用户登录
sudo su - stack# 修改stack用户密码，用于配置后续ssh的免密登录
sudo passwd stack

1.3 设置代理

通过export设置的代理仅在当前终端下有效，重新打开终端后也需重新设置。

export HTTP_PROXY=http://proxy_ip:port
export HTTPS_PROXY=http://proxy_ip:port# export HTTP_PROXY=http://10.70.181.238:7890
# export HTTPS_PROXY=http://10.70.181.238:7890

1.4 设置免密登录

1.4.1 修改hosts文件

修改hosts文件，并添加各节点的ip地址：vim /etc/hosts

172.19.204.30 h3c-node01 computer2
172.19.204.20 h3c-node02 computer1
172.19.204.10 h3c-node03 controller

1.4.2 配置免密登录

# 生成key
ssh-keygen# 复制key到其他节点
ssh-copy-id stack@controller
ssh-copy-id stack@computer1
ssh-copy-id stack@computer2# 测试连通性
ssh stack@controller
ssh stack@computer1
ssh stack@computer2

1.5 下载devstack安装库

通过-b指定版本。

git clone https://opendev.org/openstack/devstack.git -b stable/wallaby

2. 安装

先安装好controller，再安装computer节点。默认安装路径在/opt/stack

2.1 controller节点

2.1.1 修改devstack的配置文件

1. 创建local.conf文件

在下载的git仓库devstack目录下创建配置文件local.conf。

[[local|localrc]]
HOST_IP=172.19.204.10
GIT_BASE=http://git.trystack.cnOS_AUTH_URL=http://172.19.204.10:5000/v3MULTI_HOST=1
LOGFILE=/opt/stack/logs/stack.sh.log
DEST=/opt/stackADMIN_PASSWORD=123
DATABASE_PASSWORD=$ADMIN_PASSWORD
RABBIT_PASSWORD=$ADMIN_PASSWORD
SERVICE_PASSWORD=$ADMIN_PASSWORD# Internal IP (Project IP)
# FIXED_RANGE=192.168.100.0/24
# External IP (Floating IP)
# FLOATING_RANGE=10.0.0.0/24

2.2 computer节点

在下载的git仓库devstack目录下创建配置文件local.conf。

2.2.1 computer1节点

[[local|localrc]]
HOST_IP=172.19.204.20 # change this per compute node
GIT_BASE=http://git.trystack.cnOS_AUTH_URL=http://172.19.204.10:5000/v3MULTI_HOST=1
LOGFILE=/opt/stack/logs/stack.sh.log
DEST=/opt/stackADMIN_PASSWORD=123
DATABASE_PASSWORD=$ADMIN_PASSWORD
RABBIT_PASSWORD=$ADMIN_PASSWORD
SERVICE_PASSWORD=$ADMIN_PASSWORDDATABASE_TYPE=mysql
SERVICE_HOST=172.19.204.10
MYSQL_HOST=$SERVICE_HOST
RABBIT_HOST=$SERVICE_HOST
GLANCE_HOSTPORT=$SERVICE_HOST:9292
ENABLED_SERVICES=n-cpu,c-vol,placement-client,ovn-controller,ovs-vswitchd,ovsdb-server,q-ovn-metadata-agent
NOVA_VNC_ENABLED=True
NOVNCPROXY_URL="http://$SERVICE_HOST:6080/vnc_auto.html"
VNCSERVER_LISTEN=$HOST_IP
VNCSERVER_PROXYCLIENT_ADDRESS=$VNCSERVER_LISTEN

2.2.2 computer2节点

[[local|localrc]]
HOST_IP=172.19.204.30 # change this per compute node
GIT_BASE=http://git.trystack.cnOS_AUTH_URL=http://172.19.204.10:5000/v3MULTI_HOST=1
LOGFILE=/opt/stack/logs/stack.sh.log
DEST=/opt/stackADMIN_PASSWORD=123
DATABASE_PASSWORD=$ADMIN_PASSWORD
RABBIT_PASSWORD=$ADMIN_PASSWORD
SERVICE_PASSWORD=$ADMIN_PASSWORDDATABASE_TYPE=mysql
SERVICE_HOST=172.19.204.10
MYSQL_HOST=$SERVICE_HOST
RABBIT_HOST=$SERVICE_HOST
GLANCE_HOSTPORT=$SERVICE_HOST:9292
ENABLED_SERVICES=n-cpu,c-vol,q-agt,placement-client,ovn-controller,ovs-vswitchd,ovsdb-server,q-ovn-metadata-agent
NOVA_VNC_ENABLED=True
NOVNCPROXY_URL="http://$SERVICE_HOST:6080/vnc_auto.html"
VNCSERVER_LISTEN=$HOST_IP
VNCSERVER_PROXYCLIENT_ADDRESS=$VNCSERVER_LISTEN

2.3 修改配置

各节点均需要执行

2.3.1 nova.conf

避免出现 [错误: Build of instance 6ec6e8b1-9300-4be4-95fe-20434ea041f5 aborted: Volume e3dcad3d-dd22-4947-99d8-b8d0ad4b1025 did not finish being created even after we waited 187 seconds or 61 attempts. And its status is error.]问题。

修改nova.conf，添加以下参数设置。

[root@cinder ~] # vim /etc/nova/nova.confblock_device_allocate_retries=600
block_device_allocate_retries_interval=5
block_device_creation_timeout=600# 重启服务
[root@cinder ~] # sudo systemctl restart devstack@*

2.3.2 修改卷组位置

修改OpenStack创建虚拟机时分配磁盘的位置。

1. 查看/etc/cinder/cinder.conf，搜索volume_group对应的值，默认为stack-volumes-lvmdriver-1

2. 输入命令vgs查看当前vg，删除不需要的vg， vgremove ****

   stack@controller:/$ sudo vgsVG                        #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize   VFree  stack-volumes-default       1   0   0 wz--n- <30.00g <30.00gstack-volumes-lvmdriver-1   1   1   0 wz--n- <30.00g   1.43gvgubuntu                    1   2   0 wz--n-   1.09t      0 stack@controller:/$ sudo vgremove stack-volumes-lvmdriver-1
   

3. 在对应的磁盘上创建vg

   sudo pvcreate /dev/sdc
   sudo vgcreate stack-volumes-lvmdriver-1 /dev/sdc
   

4. 重启服务，sudo systemctl restart devstack@*

2.4 上传镜像

openstack image create "ubuntu20-server"   --file ubuntu20-server.qcow2  --disk-format qcow2 --container-format bare  --public

2.5 在指定compute节点创建实例

1. 查看可用zone：openstack availability zone list
2. 查看可用host：openstack host list
3. 查看可用node：openstack hypervisor list
4. 查看网络：openstack network list

openstack server create --flavor ds1G --image ubuntu20-server --nic net-id=6d7e18b4-d289-4d2f-a75a-2ab8f6c9a6cd --availability-zone nova:compute1:compute1 ubuntu1-1

• –flavor：实例类型
• –image：镜像
• –nic：网络 net-id网络id 第4步查得
• –availability-zone nova:compute1:compute1 前三步查得

查看各计算节点的虚拟机

• nova list --host controller --all-tenants
• nova list --host compute1 --all-tenants

2.6 修改虚拟机网络配置

创建实例后，可以分配浮动IP，从而可以从外部直接操作虚拟机。

2.6.1 ubuntu20

默认使用netplan管理网络配置，修改/etc/netplan/****.yaml，修改网卡名称，设置DHCP并添加DNS，否则无法通过域名访问外部网络。

# 修改网络配置
vim /etc/netplan/****.yaml# 配置文件示例
# This is the network config written by 'subiquity'
network:ethernets:ens3:dhcp4: truenameservers:addresses: [114.114.114.114,8.8.8.8]version: 2# 使网络配置生效
sudo netplan apply

2.6.2 ubuntu16

• 在/etc/network/interfaces.d/***.cfg中添加DNS服务器，添加dns-nameserver 114.114.114.114
• 生效：sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart，sudo /etc/init.d/resolvconf restart
• 

2.7 修改网络安全组规则

默认安全组规则不允许从外部进行SSH操作与ping操作，因此需要开启22端口与ICMP规则，可以直接将ICMP、TCP、UDP的所有端口的出入口规则打开。

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三、DevStack相关组件

devstack相关组件均通过systemctl进行控制，其日志信息通过journalctl查看。

c-*是cinder，g-*是glance，n-*是nova，o-*是octavia，q-*是neutron。

/etc/systemd/system/ | grep devstack | awk ‘{print $9}’输出：
devstack@c-api.service
devstack@c-sch.service
devstack@c-vol.service
devstack@dstat.service
devstack@etcd.service
devstack@g-api.service
devstack@keystone.service
devstack@n-api-meta.service
devstack@n-api.service
devstack@n-cond-cell1.service
devstack@n-cpu.service
devstack@n-novnc-cell1.service
devstack@n-sch.service
devstack@n-super-cond.service
devstack@placement-api.service
devstack@q-agt.service
devstack@q-dhcp.service
devstack@q-l3.service
devstack@q-meta.service
devstack@q-svc.service

---

四、可能遇到的问题

1. Host is not mapped to any cell

在控制节点执行nova-manage cell_v2 discover_hosts --verbose

stack@controller:~$ nova-manage cell_v2 discover_hosts --verbose
Found 2 cell mappings.
Skipping cell0 since it does not contain hosts.
Getting computes from cell 'cell1': 9b2d95a4-22da-4af4-8313-66f4d2f74680
Checking host mapping for compute host 'h3c-node01': b1cc044a-841b-41fa-bbe0-ad07045ff46d
Creating host mapping for compute host 'h3c-node01': b1cc044a-841b-41fa-bbe0-ad07045ff46d
Checking host mapping for compute host 'h3c-node02': c4894695-8adf-4243-bc7f-9c950c6f9491
Creating host mapping for compute host 'h3c-node02': c4894695-8adf-4243-bc7f-9c950c6f9491
Found 2 unmapped computes in cell: 9b2d95a4-22da-4af4-8313-66f4d2f74680

2. 创建实例超时

[错误: Build of instance 6ec6e8b1-9300-4be4-95fe-20434ea041f5 aborted: Volume e3dcad3d-dd22-4947-99d8-b8d0ad4b1025 did not finish being created even after we waited 187 seconds or 61 attempts. And its status is error.]

修改nove.conf中的重复尝试次数。参考[2.3.1 nove.conf](#2.3.1 nova.conf)。

3. 执行指令有warning

/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/secretstorage/dhcrypto.py:15: CryptographyDeprecationWarning: int_from_bytes is deprecated, use int.from_bytes insteadfrom cryptography.utils import int_from_bytes
/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/secretstorage/util.py:19: CryptographyDeprecationWarning: int_from_bytes is deprecated, use int.from_bytes insteadfrom cryptography.utils import int_from_bytes

将cryptography版本降至3.4以下，pip install cryptography==3.3.2

4. 无法在compute节点使用控制台

Error response
Error code: 404
Message: File not found.
Error code explanation: HTTPStatus.NOT_FOUND - Nothing matches the given URI.

1. 方法1：将local.conf的NOVNCPROXY_URL="http://$SERVICE_HOST:6080/vnc_auto.html"改为NOVNCPROXY_URL="http://$SERVICE_HOST:6080/vnc_lite.html"，但是需要重装该节点的openstack

2. 方法2：将controller节点的vnc_lite.html复制为vnc_auto.html，推荐

   root@controller:/opt/stack/noVNC# cp vnc_lite.html vnc_auto.html
   

3. 方法3：修改nova的配置文件，该方法未验证

5. 创建实例时报错，PortBindingFailed

PortBindingFailed: Binding failed for port 57ae0adc-89f9-41c6-afa7-cef5c19c6276, please check neutron logs for more information

在DashBoard的【管理员】-【系统】-【系统信息】-【网络代理】中发现对应的compute节点没有Open vSwitch agent，需要在local.conf中修改ENABLED_SERVICES参数，添加q-agt以启用该服务。需重新部署该节点的openstack。

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参考

• Devstack 多节点自动化部署
• ubuntu18.04下使用devstack安装openstack多节点的ussuri版本
• Set up a development environment via DevStack — Watcher 8.1.0.dev3 documentation (openstack.org)
• Openstack 实现技术分解 (1) 开发环境 — Devstack 部署案例详解
• 使用devstack/pike部署多节点实验
• cinder-volume服务状态为down
• 每天5分钟玩转OpenStack - CloudMan