软件开发模型和软件过程模型_什么是软件和软件过程？

软件开发模型和软件过程模型

软件 (Software)

Software is a set of instructions which instructs the computer for performing different operations. Software is nothing else but a general name for computer programs.

软件是一组指令，指导计算机执行不同的操作。软件不过是计算机程序的通用名称。

A computer without software is just an empty box which is not capable of performing any functions because the hardware needs the software so that it can perform certain tasks. So, as the soul is to the human body, the software is to the computer (Though unlike human beings computer can have multiple software in it).

没有软件的计算机只是一个空盒子，它不能执行任何功能，因为硬件需要软件才能执行某些任务。因此，就像灵魂对人体一样，软件对计算机也一样(尽管与人类不同，计算机可以在其中包含多个软件)。

Now let us discuss what is a Software Process?

现在让我们讨论什么是软件过程？

软件流程 (Software process)

The software process, as the name suggests is the process that follows while developing any software. The complete routine: from the idea of the software to its completion till its retirement is called the Software process. The whole Software Engineering deals with the Software Process itself. Because if we can enhance the software process in terms of quality and by reducing the time and cost required to complete it, our final product will also be more efficient in all aspects.

顾名思义， 软件过程就是开发任何软件时遵循的过程。完整的例程：从软件的构想到完成直至退出为止的过程称为软件过程。整个软件工程涉及软件过程本身。因为如果我们可以在质量上提高软件过程并通过减少完成该过程所需的时间和成本来增强它，那么我们的最终产品在各个方面也将更加高效。

The Software Process is concerned with every part of the software: the idea of the software, the requirements of the project, the skills of its developers, production time, total cost, etc. So, if we can improve our Software Process, the quality of our final product will also be improved automatically. But it is not an easy task to improve the Software Process. This is due to the following reasons,

软件过程涉及软件的每个部分：软件的概念，项目的要求，开发人员的技能，生产时间，总成本等。因此，如果我们可以改善软件过程，那么质量我们最终产品的质量也会自动得到改善。但是，改善软件流程并非易事。这是由于以下原因，

为什么很难改善软件流程？ (Why is it difficult to improve Software Process?)

Not Enough Time:
时间不足 ：

The developers and the other software developing team do not have enough time for analyzing all the aspects of the project. So, instead of discussing and planning the project idea, they directly jump onto the designing and coding phase.
开发人员和其他软件开发团队没有足够的时间来分析项目的所有方面。因此，他们无需讨论和计划项目构想，而是直接跳到设计和编码阶段。
Lack of Knowledge:
知识不足 ：

A software may require the knowledge of several fields. But even though the developers may not have the sufficient knowledge and skills for building the project, still they start doing it and later on face problems which in most of the cases leads to cancellation of the project in its halfway.
软件可能需要几个领域的知识。但是，即使开发人员可能没有足够的知识和技能来构建项目，但他们仍然开始这样做，后来又遇到问题，这在大多数情况下会导致项目中途取消。
Wrong Motivations:
错误的动机 ：

The Wrong motivations also sometimes results in starting of the project without any discussions and planning and later the project being canceled.
错误的动机有时还会导致项目开始，而没有任何讨论和计划，后来项目被取消。
Insufficient commitment:
承诺不足 ：

As there lack of knowledge and skills among the software developers, they are not able to commit before making any module of the project. So, in the early phase, we are not sure whether we will get that particular module or not.
由于软件开发人员之间缺乏知识和技能，因此他们无法在制作项目任何模块之前就下定决心。因此，在早期阶段，我们不确定是否将获得该特定模块。