启动先执行manage.py 中的 app.run()
class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):
def run(self, host=None, port=None, debug=None, **options):from werkzeug.serving import run_simpletry:#run_simple 是werkzeug 提供的方法,会执行第三个参数 self()run_simple(host, port, self, **options)
执行app(),对象()表示调用对象的__call__方法
class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):
def __call__(self, environ, start_response):return self.wsgi_app(environ, start_response)
又调用了app.wsgi_app方法
class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):
def wsgi_app(self, environ, start_response):#1.
ctx = self.request_context(environ)
#self.request_context#2.ctx.push()
try:try:
#3.执行视图函数response = self.full_dispatch_request()except Exception as e:error = e
#4.response = self.handle_exception(e)except:error = sys.exc_info()[1]raisereturn response(environ, start_response)finally:
#5.ctx.auto_pop(error)
第1步:执行app.request_context方法,把请求的相关信息传进去了
class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):
def request_context(self, environ):return RequestContext(self, environ)
返回了一个RequestContext类的实例对象
class RequestContext(object):
def __init__(self, app, environ, request=None):self.app = appif request is None:request = app.request_class(environ)
#app.request_class = Request self.request = requestself.session = None
在init构造方法中注意app又调用了request_class方法,也就是Request 实例一个对象,
那么第1步我们知道:
ctx是一个RequestContext对象,这个对象里面封装了两个主要的属性,一个是self.request = Request实例的对象,Request对象里面封装了请求进来的所有数据;
另外一个是self.session = None就可以了
第2步:执行ctx.push()方法
因为ctx是RequestContext类的对象,那我们就要去RequestContext类中找push方法
class RequestContext(object):
def push(self):#2.1.app_ctx = _app_ctx_stack.topif app_ctx is None or app_ctx.app != self.app:app_ctx = self.app.app_context()
# self.app.app_context = app.app_context = AppContext(app)app_ctx.push()
#2.2.
_request_ctx_stack.push(self)
#_request_ctx_stack = LocalStack()
#2.3.
self.session = self.app.open_session(self.request)
#判断没有 secret_key时:
if self.session is None:
self.session = self.app.make_null_session()
#raise RuntimeError('The session is unavailable because no secret ''key was set.)
第2.1步:到_app_ctx_stack这个栈中取最后一个数据,如果未取到或者取到的不是当前的app,就调用app.app_context()方法,就是新实例一个上下文app_ctx对象,再执行app_ctx.push()方法 (在这再次强调,因为app_ctx是AppContext对象,就要先去AppContext类中找push方法),
class AppContext(object):
def push(self):_app_ctx_stack.push(self) #把新创建的app_ctx上下文app对象添加到了_app_ctx_stack这个栈中appcontext_pushed.send(self.app) #在这里遇到了第一个信号,请求app上下文push时执行
第2.2步:LocalStack类的对象调用push方法
class LocalStack(object):
def push(self, obj):rv = getattr(self._local, 'stack', None) #self._local = Local()
#第一次的时候rv肯定是Noneif rv is None:self._local.stack = rv = [] #Local对象 .stack = rv = [] 就执行了对象的 __setattr__方法rv.append(obj) #把 ctx对象添加到Local类的列表中return rv
try:from greenlet import getcurrent as get_ident except ImportError:try:from thread import get_identexcept ImportError:from _thread import get_identclass Local(object):
def __init__(self):
object.__setattr__(self, '__storage__', {}) #这里为什么用object.__setattr__ 而不是直接用self.__storage__={}
object.__setattr__(self, '__ident_func__', get_ident) #如果用self的方式设置属性,就会触发self的__setattr__方法,就会无限的循环
def __setattr__(self, name, value):ident = self.__ident_func__()storage = self.__storage__try:storage[ident][name] = value # {"唯一标识1":{"stack":[]},"唯一标识2":{"stack":[]}} 和本地线程类似except KeyError:storage[ident] = {name: value}
第2.3步:给ctx.session赋值,执行app.open_session(ctx.request)
class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):
def open_session(self, request):return self.session_interface.open_session(self, request)
#return SecureCookieSessionInterface().open_session(app, request)
#所以就要去SecureCookieSessionInterface类找open_session方法
class SecureCookieSessionInterface(SessionInterface):
def open_session(self, app, request):# 查看 是否有secret_keys = self.get_signing_serializer(app)if s is None:return None
val = request.cookies.get(app.session_cookie_name)# 请求第一次来的时候取不到值if not val:return self.session_class()#返回了一个 类似字典max_age = total_seconds(app.permanent_session_lifetime)try:data = s.loads(val, max_age=max_age) #loads 作用是: 反序列化+解析乱码return self.session_class(data) ##返回了一个 类似字典对象,对象里面有dataexcept BadSignature:return self.session_class()
那么第2步我们知道:
1.把app_ctx上下文对象添加到了_app_ctx_stack这个栈中
2.把 ctx请求对象添加到Local类的列表中
3.执行open_session方法,把session加载到内
第3步:app.full_dispatch_request() 执行视图函数
class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):
def full_dispatch_request(self):
#3.1
self.try_trigger_before_first_request_functions()
try:
request_started.send(self) # 信号 - 请求到来前执行
# 3.2
rv = self.preprocess_request()
if rv is None:
# 3.3 如果所有的中间件都通过了, 执行视图函数
rv = self.dispatch_request()
#3.4
return self.finalize_request(rv)
第3.1步:找到所有的 执行一次的 伪中间件 执行
class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):def try_trigger_before_first_request_functions(self):with self._before_request_lock:for func in self.before_first_request_funcs:func()
第3.2步:找到所有的 伪中间件的执行
class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):def preprocess_request(self):funcs = self.before_request_funcs.get(None, ())for func in funcs:rv = func()if rv is not None:return rv
第3.3步:
class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):def dispatch_request(self):#获取请求的ctx对象中的request数据req = _request_ctx_stack.top.request#获取请求的urlrule = req.url_rule#执行视图函数return self.view_functions[rule.endpoint](**req.view_args)
第3.4步:
class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):def finalize_request(self, rv, from_error_handler=False):response = self.make_response(rv) #通过make_response方法后就可以对返回值进行设置响应头等数据了try:
#3.4.1response = self.process_response(response)request_finished.send(self, response=response) #信号 - 请求结束后执行return response
第3.4.1步:
class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):def process_response(self, response):ctx = _request_ctx_stack.top#找到所有的 after_request 伪中间件执行funcs = ctx._after_request_functionsfor handler in funcs:response = handler(response)# 3.4.1.1 如果有session就执行self.save_session方法if not self.session_interface.is_null_session(ctx.session):
# self.session_interface = SecureCookieSessionInterface()
#3.4.1.2
self.save_session(ctx.session, response) return response
第3.4.1.1步: 到SecureCookieSessionInterface类中找is_null_session方法,发现没有,就去它基类SessionInterface中找
class SessionInterface(object):def is_null_session(self, obj):#判断ctx.session 是不是 self.null_session_class = NullSession 类或者它派生类的对象return isinstance(obj, self.null_session_class)
第3.4.1.2步:执行了SecureCookieSessionInterface类的save_session方法
class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):def save_session(self, session, response):return self.session_interface.save_session(self, session, response)# return SecureCookieSessionInterface().save_session(self, session, response)
class SecureCookieSessionInterface(SessionInterface):def save_session(self, app, session, response):#给响应设置cookie response.set_cookie(app.session_cookie_name, val,expires=expires, httponly=httponly,domain=domain, path=path, secure=secure)
补充:自定义session
from flask import Flask,request,session app = Flask(__name__) app.secret_key = 'sdfsdfsd' from flask.sessions import SessionInterface,SessionMixin import uuid import json from flask.sessions import SessionInterface from flask.sessions import SessionMixin from itsdangerous import Signer, BadSignature, want_bytesclass MySession(dict, SessionMixin):def __init__(self, initial=None, sid=None):self.sid = sidself.initial = initialsuper(MySession, self).__init__(initial or ())def __setitem__(self, key, value):super(MySession, self).__setitem__(key, value)def __getitem__(self, item):return super(MySession, self).__getitem__(item)def __delitem__(self, key):super(MySession, self).__delitem__(key)class MySessionInterface(SessionInterface):session_class = MySessioncontainer = {# 'asdfasdfasdfas':{'k1':'v1','k2':'v2'}# 'asdfasdfasdfas':"{'k1':'v1','k2':'v2'}" }def __init__(self):pass# import redis# self.redis = redis.Redis()def _generate_sid(self):return str(uuid.uuid4())def _get_signer(self, app):if not app.secret_key:return Nonereturn Signer(app.secret_key, salt='flask-session',key_derivation='hmac')def open_session(self, app, request):"""程序刚启动时执行,需要返回一个session对象"""sid = request.cookies.get(app.session_cookie_name)if not sid:# 生成随机字符串,并将随机字符串添加到 session对象中sid = self._generate_sid()return self.session_class(sid=sid)signer = self._get_signer(app)try:sid_as_bytes = signer.unsign(sid)sid = sid_as_bytes.decode()except BadSignature:sid = self._generate_sid()return self.session_class(sid=sid)# session保存在redis中# val = self.redis.get(sid)# session保存在内存中val = self.container.get(sid)if val is not None:try:data = json.loads(val)return self.session_class(data, sid=sid)except:return self.session_class(sid=sid)return self.session_class(sid=sid)def save_session(self, app, session, response):"""程序结束前执行,可以保存session中所有的值如:保存到resit写入到用户cookie"""domain = self.get_cookie_domain(app)path = self.get_cookie_path(app)httponly = self.get_cookie_httponly(app)secure = self.get_cookie_secure(app)expires = self.get_expiration_time(app, session)val = json.dumps(dict(session))# session保存在redis中# self.redis.setex(name=session.sid, value=val, time=app.permanent_session_lifetime)# session保存在内存中 self.container.setdefault(session.sid, val)session_id = self._get_signer(app).sign(want_bytes(session.sid))response.set_cookie(app.session_cookie_name, session_id,expires=expires, httponly=httponly,domain=domain, path=path, secure=secure)app.session_interface = MySessionInterface() # app.session_interface = Foo() # app.session_interface # app.make_null_session() @app.route('/index') def index():print('网站的所有session',MySessionInterface.container)print(session)session['k1'] = 'v1'session['k2'] = 'v2'del session['k1']# 在内存中操作字典....# session['k1'] = 'v1'# session['k2'] = 'v2'# del session['k1']return "xx"if __name__ == '__main__':app.__call__app.run()
第4步:
class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):def handle_exception(self, e):got_request_exception.send(self, exception=e) #信号 - 请求执行出现异常时执行
第5步: 执行了RequestContext 的 pop 方法
class RequestContext(object):def auto_pop(self, exc):else:self.pop(exc)
class RequestContext(object):def pop(self, exc=_sentinel):
try:
if not self._implicit_app_ctx_stack:
#5.1
self.app.do_teardown_request(exc)finally:
# 请求结束时 request上下文的栈中就把请求pop掉rv = _request_ctx_stack.pop()
if app_ctx is not None:
#5.2
app_ctx.pop(exc)
第5.1步: 执行 app.do_teardown_request方法
class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):def do_teardown_request(self, exc=_sentinel):# 信号 - 请求执行完毕后自动执行(无论成功与否)request_tearing_down.send(self, exc=exc)
第5.2步:
class AppContext(object):def pop(self, exc=_sentinel):
try:
if self._refcnt <= 0:
#5.2.1
self.app.do_teardown_appcontext(exc)
# 信号 - 请求上下文pop时执行appcontext_popped.send(self.app)
第5.2.1步:
class Flask(_PackageBoundObject):def do_teardown_appcontext(self, exc=_sentinel):# 信号 - 请求上下文执行完毕后自动执行(无论成功与否)appcontext_tearing_down.send(self, exc=exc)