第三章使用单元测试测试简单的首页

3.1第一个Django应用，第一个单元测试

python3 manage.py startapp lists 创建一个应用

功能测试站在用户的角度从外部测试应用，而单元测试从程序员的角度从内部测试应用

3.2Django中的单元测试

打开新生成的的文件lists/tests.py

注：单元测试运行，会自动测试以test开头的函数

#tests.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from django.test import TestCaseclass SimpleTest(TestCase):def test_bad_maths(self):self.assertEqual(1+1,3)

python3 manage.py test 运行单元测试，出现错误，good

3.3Django中的MVC,URL和视图函数

#tests.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from django.test import TestCase
from django.core.urlresolvers import resolve
from lists.views import home_page
class HomePageTest(TestCase):def test_root_url_resolves_to_home_page_view(self):found = resolve('/') self.assertEqual(found.func,home_page)#resolve是Django的内部函数，用于解析URL，并映射到相应师视图函数，解析网站跟路径'/'时，是否能找到名为home_page函数，home_page函数保存在文件lists/views。py中

python3 manage.py test 运行单元测试，查看错误

3.4编写应用代码

视图函数views.py

#views
from django.shortcuts import render,redirect#编写视图
def home_page():pass

python3 manage.py test 运行单元测试，查看错误，抛出404错误，说明Django无法找找到 "/" 的url 映射

编写urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url,include
from django.contrib import admin
from lists import viewsurlpatterns = [# url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),url(r'^$',views.home_page)          
]#r'^$'表示正则表达式，表示空字符串

python3 manage.py test 运行单元测试，测试通过。。。

3.5为视图编写单元测试

编写test.py

#tests.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from django.test import TestCase
from django.http import HttpRequest
from django.core.urlresolvers import resolve
from lists.views import home_pageclass HomePageTest(TestCase):def test_root_url_resolves_to_home_page_view(self):found = resolve('/')self.assertEqual(found.func,home_page)def test_home_page_return_correct_html(self):request = HttpRequest()response = home_page(request)self.assertTrue(response.content.startswith(b'html'))self.assertIn(b'<title>To-Do lists</title>',response.content)self.assertTrue(response.content.endswith(b'</html>'))

编写views.py

#views
from django.shortcuts import render,redirect
from django.http import HttpResponsedef home_page(request):return HttpResponse('<html><title>To-Do lists</title></html>')