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在linux下所e5a48de588b662616964757a686964616f31333337613134有设备都是文件。所以对摄像头的操作其实就是对文件的操作。USB摄像头的设备文件就是在/dev目录下的video0(假如只有一个摄像头)。在linux下操作摄像头就是使用v4l2对摄像头进行视频的操作，操作步骤如下
1. 打开设备文件。
int fd=open(”/dev/video0″,O_RDWR);
2. 取得设备的capability，看看设备具有什么功能，比如是否具有视频输入,或者音频输入输出等。VIDIOC_QUERYCAP,struct v4l2_capabilityv4l2_std_id std;
do {
ret= ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYSTD, &std);
} while (ret == -1 && errno == EAGAIN);
switch (std) {
case V4L2_STD_NTSC:
//……
case V4L2_STD_PAL:
//……
}
3. 选择视频输入，一个视频设备可以有多个视频输入。VIDIOC_S_INPUT,struct v4l2_input(可不要)
4. 设置视频的制式和帧格式，制式包括PAL，NTSC，帧的格式个包括宽度和高度等。
VIDIOC_S_STD,VIDIOC_S_FMT,struct v4l2_std_id,struct v4l2_formatstruct v4l2_format fmt;
memset ( &fmt, 0, sizeof(fmt) );
fmt.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
fmt.fmt.pix.width = 320;
fmt.fmt.pix.height = 240;
fmt.fmt.pix.pixelformat = V4L2_PIX_FMT_JPEG;
if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_S_FMT, &fmt)
{
printf("set format failed\n");
//return 0;
}
5. 向驱动申请帧缓冲，一般不超过5个。struct v4l2_requestbuffersstruct v4l2_requestbuffers req;
memset(&req, 0, sizeof (req));
req.count = 4;
req.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
req.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;
if (ioctl(fd,VIDIOC_REQBUFS,&req) == -1)
{
perror("VIDIOC_REQBUFS error \n");
//return -1;
}
6.申请物理内存
将申请到的帧缓冲映射到用户空间，这样就可以直接操作采集到的帧了，而不必去复制。将申请到的帧缓冲全部入队列，以便存放采集到的数据.VIDIOC_QBUF,struct v4l2_bufferVideoBuffer* buffers = calloc( req.count, sizeof(VideoBuffer) );
printf("sizeof(VideoBuffer) is %d\n",sizeof(VideoBuffer));
struct v4l2_buffer buf;
for (numBufs = 0; numBufs
{
memset( &buf, 0, sizeof(buf) );
buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;
buf.index = numBufs;
if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYBUF, &buf)
{
printf("VIDIOC_QUERYBUF error\n");
//return -1;
}
printf("buf len is %d\n",sizeof(buf));
//内存映射
buffers[numBufs].length = buf.length;
buffers[numBufs].offset = (size_t) buf.m.offset;
buffers[numBufs].start = mmap (NULL, buf.length,PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, buf.m.offset);
printf("buffers.length = %d,buffers.offset = %d ,buffers.start[0] = %d\n",buffers[numBufs].length,buffers[numBufs].offset,buffers[numBufs].start[0]);
printf("buf2 len is %d\n",sizeof(buffers[numBufs].start));
if (buffers[numBufs].start == MAP_FAILED)
{
perror("buffers error\n");
//return -1;
}
if (ioctl (fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, &buf)
{
printf("VIDIOC_QBUF error\n");
//return -1;
}
}
7. 开始视频的采集。enum v4l2_buf_type type;
type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
if (ioctl (fd, VIDIOC_STREAMON, &type)
{
printf("VIDIOC_STREAMON error\n");
// return -1;
}
8. 出队列以取得已采集数据的帧缓冲，取得原始采集数据。VIDIOC_DQBUF, 将缓冲重新入队列尾,这样可以循环采集。VIDIOC_QBUFif (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_DQBUF, &buf)
{
perror("VIDIOC_DQBUF failed.\n");
//return -1;
}
buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;
unsigned char *ptcur = buffers[numBufs].start;
DEBUG("buf.bytesused = %d \n",buf.bytesused);
int i1;
for(i1=0; i1
{
if((buffers[numBufs].start[i1] == 0x000000FF) && (buffers[numBufs].start[i1+1] == 0x000000C4))
{
DEBUG("huffman table finded! \nbuf.bytesused = %d\nFFC4 = %d \n",buf.bytesused,i1);
break;
}
}
if(i1 == buf.bytesused)printf("huffman table don't exist! \n");
int i;
for(i=0; i
{
if((buffers[numBufs].start[i] == 0x000000FF) && (buffers[numBufs].start[i+1] == 0x000000D8)) break;
ptcur++;
}
DEBUG("i=%d,FF=%02x,D8=%02x\n",i,buffers[numBufs].start[i],buffers[numBufs].start[i+1]);
int imagesize =buf.bytesused - i;
DEBUG("buf.bytesused = %d \n",buf.bytesused);
DEBUG ("imagesize = %d \n",imagesize);
9. 停止视频的采集。VIDIOC_STREAMOFF
10. 关闭视频设备。close(fd);
