个人认为一个完备的定时器需要有如下功能:
在某一时间点执行某一任务
在某段时间后执行某一任务
重复执行某一任务N次,任务间隔时间T
那么如何实现定时器呢?下面是我自己实现的定时器逻辑,源码链接最后会附上。
定时器中主要的数据结构
优先级任务队列:队列中存储任务,每个任务会添加时间戳,最近的时间戳的任务会先出队。
锁和条件变量:当有任务需要执行时,用于通知正在等待的线程从任务队列中取出任务执行。
线程池:各个任务会放在线程池中执行。
下面是相关代码:
class TimerQueue {public: struct InternalS { std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::high_resolution_clock> time_point_; std::function<void()> func_; bool operator<(const InternalS& b) const { return time_point_ > b.time_point_; } }; enum class RepeatedIdState { kInit = 0, kRunning = 1, kStop = 2 };
private: std::priority_queuequeue_; bool running_ = false; std::mutex mutex_; std::condition_variable cond_;wzq::ThreadPool thread_pool_;std::atomic<int> repeated_func_id_; wzq::ThreadSafeMap<int, RepeatedIdState> repeated_id_state_map_;};
如何开启定时器功能
打开内部的线程池功能,用于执行放入定时器中的任务,同时新开一个线程,循环等待任务到来后送入线程池中执行。
bool Run() { bool ret = thread_pool_.Start(); if (!ret) { return false; } std::thread([this]() { RunLocal(); }).detach(); return true;}
void RunLocal() { while (running_) { std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex_); if (queue_.empty()) { cond_.wait(lock); continue; } auto s = queue_.top(); auto diff = s.time_point_ - std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now(); if (std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(diff).count() > 0) { cond_.wait_for(lock, diff); continue; } else { queue_.pop(); lock.unlock(); thread_pool_.Run(std::move(s.func_)); } }}
如何在某一时间点执行任务
根据时间戳构造InternalS,放入队列中:
template <typename F, typename... Args>
void AddFuncAtTimePoint(const std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::high_resolution_clock>& time_point, F&& f, Args&&... args) { InternalS s; s.time_point_ = time_point; s.func_ = std::bind(std::forward(f), std::forward(args)...); std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex_); queue_.push(s); cond_.notify_all();}
如何循环执行任务
首先为这个循环任务生成标识ID,外部可以通过ID来取消此任务继续执行,代码如下,内部以类似递归的方式循环执行任务。
template <typename R, typename P, typename F, typename... Args>int AddRepeatedFunc(int repeat_num, const std::chrono::duration& time, F&& f, Args&&... args) { int id = GetNextRepeatedFuncId(); repeated_id_state_map_.Emplace(id, RepeatedIdState::kRunning); auto tem_func = std::bind(std::forward(f), std::forward(args)...); AddRepeatedFuncLocal(repeat_num - 1, time, id, std::move(tem_func)); return id;}
int GetNextRepeatedFuncId() { return repeated_func_id_++; }
template <typename R, typename P, typename F>void AddRepeatedFuncLocal(int repeat_num, const std::chrono::duration& time, int id, F&& f) { if (!this->repeated_id_state_map_.IsKeyExist(id)) { return; } InternalS s; s.time_point_ = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now() + time; auto tem_func = std::move(f); s.repeated_id = id; s.func_ = [this, &tem_func, repeat_num, time, id]() { tem_func(); if (!this->repeated_id_state_map_.IsKeyExist(id) || repeat_num == 0) { return; } AddRepeatedFuncLocal(repeat_num - 1, time, id, std::move(tem_func)); }; std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex_); queue_.push(s); lock.unlock(); cond_.notify_all();}
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