一、需求描述

我有一个USB5538的库和头文件，并通过头文件提供了接口，我想把它更改一下，编译成python可调用的模块。

二、创建工程及其目录

1、创建空项目

2、创建目录

三、创建文件

1、复制文件并添加

2、添加新文件并写入

四、环境配置

1、环境异常情况

2、配置环境以消除异常

五、运行代码

1、二次封装代码

定义一个接口对象，调用之前的接口，并将方法写入该接口对象即可。

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include "usbpylib.h"
// usbpylib.cpp : 只包括标准包含文件的源文件
// Sys.pch 将作为预编译头
// usbpylib.obj 将包含预编译类型信息class AutoTest {//private:
public://USB5538数据采集器HANDLE createUSB5538();void releaseUSB5538(HANDLE hDevice);void resetUSB5538(HANDLE hDevice);  //复位，相当于与PC重连，等同于重新插上USBvoid getUSB5538DI_All(HANDLE hDevice, BYTE bDISts[16]);  //bDISts[16]为output参数void setUSB5538DO_All(HANDLE hDevice, BYTE bDOSts[16]);  //bDOSts[16]为input参数int getUSB5538DI_One(HANDLE hDevice, int iDI);void setUSB5538DO_One(HANDLE hDevice, int iDO, int value);
};// TODO: 在 STDAFX.H 中
// 引用任何所需的附加头文件，而不是在此文件中引用HANDLE AutoTest::createUSB5538()
{return USB5538_CreateDevice(0);
}void AutoTest::releaseUSB5538(HANDLE hDevice)
{if (hDevice == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE){return;}USB5538_ReleaseDevice(hDevice);
}void AutoTest::resetUSB5538(HANDLE hDevice)
{if (hDevice == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE){return;}USB5538_ResetDevice(hDevice);
}void AutoTest::getUSB5538DI_All(HANDLE hDevice, BYTE bDISts[])
{if (hDevice == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE){return;}USB5538_GetDeviceDI(hDevice, bDISts);
}void AutoTest::setUSB5538DO_All(HANDLE hDevice, BYTE bDOSts[])
{if (hDevice == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE){return;}USB5538_SetDeviceDO(hDevice, bDOSts);
}int AutoTest::getUSB5538DI_One(HANDLE hDevice, int iDI)
{if (hDevice == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE){return -1;}BYTE bDISts[16];USB5538_GetDeviceDI(hDevice, bDISts);return bDISts[iDI];
}void AutoTest::setUSB5538DO_One(HANDLE hDevice, int iDO, int value)
{if (hDevice == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE){return;}BYTE bDOSts[16];USB5538_RetDeviceDO(hDevice, bDOSts);//回读输出状态bDOSts[iDO] = value;USB5538_SetDeviceDO(hDevice, bDOSts);
}int main()
{HANDLE obj1;BYTE bd[16] = { 0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1, 0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1 };AutoTest AutoTest1;//cout << "Hello World";obj1 = AutoTest1.createUSB5538();cout << "句柄是\n" << obj1 << "\n";AutoTest1.getUSB5538DI_All(obj1, bd);AutoTest1.resetUSB5538(obj1);AutoTest1.releaseUSB5538(obj1);//cout << "Hello World";HANDLE hDevice = AutoTest1.createUSB5538();if (hDevice == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE){cout << "create error...." << "\n";}BYTE bDOSts[16];BYTE bDISts[16];bDOSts[0] = 0;bDOSts[1] = 1;bDOSts[2] = 0;bDOSts[3] = 1;bDOSts[4] = 0;bDOSts[5] = 1;bDOSts[6] = 0;bDOSts[7] = 1;bDOSts[8] = 0;bDOSts[9] = 1;bDOSts[10] = 0;bDOSts[11] = 1;bDOSts[12] = 0;bDOSts[13] = 1;bDOSts[14] = 0;bDOSts[15] = 1;AutoTest1.setUSB5538DO_All(hDevice, bDOSts);AutoTest1.getUSB5538DI_All(hDevice, bDISts);cout << "bDISts是\n" << bDISts << "\n";
}

2、如图，运行正常，说明对原接口的二次封装是有效的

六、将原功能改写成接口，供python调用

1、基于原有代码，创建新文件USB5538.cpp编写如下：

#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN  // 建议在包含Python.h之前总是定义PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN。
#include <Python.h>  // 打包成python扩展所需要的头文件#include <iostream>
using namespace std;//#ifndef _USBPYLIB_H_ // 避免头文件被多次编译
//#define _USBPYLIB_H_
#include "../include/usbpylib.h"
//#endif// 函数的三种实现方式，C函数通常是通过将Python模块和函数名组合在一起命名的,如模块是Combinations（也是.cpp名称），函数是uniqueCombinations，组成了一个函数名
static PyObject* 
USB5538_get(PyObject* self)  // 定义功能有三种方式，详细文档（旧文档）请查阅https://www.tutorialspoint.com/python/python_further_extensions.htm
{   //PyLongObject one = USB5538_CreateDevice(0);//PyAddrPair one = USB5538_CreateDevice(0);//PyAnySet_Check one = USB5538_CreateDevice(0);//PyAnySet_CheckExact one = USB5538_CreateDevice(0);//PyAPI_DATA one = USB5538_CreateDevice(0);//PyAPI_FUNC one = USB5538_CreateDevice(0);//PyArena_AddPyObject one = USB5538_CreateDevice(0);//PyASCIIObject one = USB5538_CreateDevice(0);//PyBaseObject_Type one = USB5538_CreateDevice(0);//PyByteArrayObject one = USB5538_CreateDevice(0);//PyBytes_FromObject one = USB5538_CreateDevice(0);//PyBytesObject one = USB5538_CreateDevice(0);//PyObject_AsCharBuffer one = USB5538_CreateDevice(0);//PyObject_AsReadBuffer one = USB5538_CreateDevice(0);//PyObject_CallObject one = USB5538_CreateDevice(0);PyObject_Length one = USB5538_CreateDevice(0);//CompareObjectHandles one = USB5538_CreateDevice(0);//PyOS_sighandler_t one = USB5538_CreateDevice(0);//PyObject one = USB5538_CreateDevice(0);HANDLE hDevice = USB5538_CreateDevice(0);  // 获取句柄cout << hDevice;BYTE bd[16] = { 0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1 };//if (hDevice == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)//{//    return;//}BOOL a = USB5538_GetDeviceDI(hDevice, bd);  // 获取设备DI状态USB5538_ReleaseDevice(hDevice);  // 释放句柄return Py_BuildValue("s", "uniqueCombinations() return value (is of type 'string')");;//if (a == true)//{//    return NULL;//}//else //{ //    return 0;//};
};/*
函数的三种实现方式例子：
static PyObject *MyFunction( PyObject *self, PyObject *args );  // METH_VARARGS
static PyObject *MyFunctionWithKeywords(PyObject *self,PyObject *args,PyObject *kw);  // METH_KEYWORDS
static PyObject *MyFunctionWithNoArgs( PyObject *self );  // METH_NOARGS
*/static char get_docs[] = "获取设备的相关信息\n";  // 随意定义的文档字符串描述// 方法映射表，方法表是一个简单的PyMethodDef结构数组
static PyMethodDef module_methods[] = {{"get", (PyCFunction)USB5538_get, METH_NOARGS, get_docs},{ NULL, NULL, 0, NULL }// 格式解释：{ml_name，ml_meth，ml_flags，ml_doc}// ml_name:这是Python解释器在Python程序中使用的函数名。// ml_meth:这必须是函数名。// ml_flags:函数的三种实现方式,上述例子中已经标明对应字段选择// ml_doc:可以为空值，四个选项对应的空值分别为：{ NULL, NULL, 0, NULL }
};// 模块后面加module，比较规范。这个结构必须在模块的初始化函数中传递给解释器。初始化函数必须命名为PyInit_name()，其中name是模块的名称，并且应该是模块文件中定义的唯一非静态项
static struct PyModuleDef USB5538module =
{PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,"Combinations",  /* 模块名称 */"usage: Combinations.uniqueCombinations(lstSortableItems, comboSize)\n", /* 模块文档*/-1, /* 模块的每个解释器状态的大小，如果模块在全局变量中保持状态，则为-1。*/module_methods  /* 方法映射表 ， 即需要引用定义好的引射表*/
};// 初始化函数，之前的初始化方法 PyMODINIT_FUNC initModule() 已弃用，新文档见 https://docs.python.org/3/extending/extending.html
PyMODINIT_FUNC PyInit_USB5538(void)
{return PyModule_Create(&USB5538module);  // 它返回一个模块对象，并根据模块定义中的表(PyMethodDef结构的数组)将内置函数对象插入到新创建的模块中。
}

2、尝试进行编译

3、尝试将该文件打包成python库

新建setup.py文件写入以下内容

from distutils.core import setup, Extension
setup(name='USB5538', version='0.1', ext_modules=[Extension('USB5538', [r'D:\MinGW\projects\USB5538ForPython\source\USB5538.cpp' ])])

打开cmd窗口执行setup.py文件（要进入该文件目录下执行）

python setup.py build
python setup.py install --record files.txt

以及调用其接口，均能成功

七、丰富接口

1、将该接口改为传参对象

#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN  // 建议在包含Python.h之前总是定义PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN。
#include <Python.h>  // 打包成python扩展所需要的头文件#include <stdio.h>#include <iostream>
using namespace std;//#ifndef _USBPYLIB_H_ // 避免头文件被多次编译
//#define _USBPYLIB_H_
#include "../include/usbpylib.h"
//#endif// 函数的三种实现方式，C函数通常是通过将Python模块和函数名组合在一起命名的,如模块是Combinations（也是.cpp名称），函数是uniqueCombinations，组成了一个函数名
static PyObject* 
USB5538_set(PyObject* self, PyObject* args)  // 定义功能有三种方式，详细文档（旧文档）请查阅https://www.tutorialspoint.com/python/python_further_extensions.htm
{   //PyLongObject one = USB5538_CreateDevice(0);//PyAddrPair one = USB5538_CreateDevice(0);//PyAnySet_Check one = USB5538_CreateDevice(0);//PyAnySet_CheckExact one = USB5538_CreateDevice(0);//PyAPI_DATA one = USB5538_CreateDevice(0);//PyAPI_FUNC one = USB5538_CreateDevice(0);//PyArena_AddPyObject one = USB5538_CreateDevice(0);//PyASCIIObject one = USB5538_CreateDevice(0);//PyBaseObject_Type one = USB5538_CreateDevice(0);//PyByteArrayObject one = USB5538_CreateDevice(0);//PyBytes_FromObject one = USB5538_CreateDevice(0);//PyBytesObject one = USB5538_CreateDevice(0);//PyObject_AsCharBuffer one = USB5538_CreateDevice(0);//PyObject_AsReadBuffer one = USB5538_CreateDevice(0);//PyObject_CallObject one = USB5538_CreateDevice(0);PyObject_Length one = USB5538_CreateDevice(0);//CompareObjectHandles one = USB5538_CreateDevice(0);//PyOS_sighandler_t one = USB5538_CreateDevice(0);//PyObject one = USB5538_CreateDevice(0);int a1;int a2;int a3;int a4;int a5;int a6, a7, a8, a9, a10, a11, a12, a13, a14, a15, a16;if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "iiiiiiiiiiiiiiii", &a1, &a2, &a3, &a4, &a5, &a6, &a7, &a8, &a9, &a10, &a11, &a12, &a13, &a14, &a15, &a16)){//return Py_BuildValue("s", "参数输入有误，请传递全数字的列表！");return Py_BuildValue("s", "error!");}//return Py_BuildValue("(iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii)", a1 + a1, a1 - a2, a1+a3);HANDLE hDevice = USB5538_CreateDevice(0);  // 获取句柄//cout << hDevice << "\n";BYTE bd[16] = { a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9, a10, a11, a12, a13, a14, a15, a16 };//BYTE bd[16] = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1 };  // 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0USB5538_SetDeviceDO(hDevice, bd);//BOOL DIstatus = USB5538_GetDeviceDI(hDevice, bd);  // 获取设备DI状态//cout << DIstatus << "\n";USB5538_ReleaseDevice(hDevice);  // 释放句柄//return Py_BuildValue("s", "恭喜你，在窗口打印设备句柄成功！");return Py_BuildValue("s", "set success!");
};/*
函数的三种实现方式例子：
static PyObject *MyFunction( PyObject *self, PyObject *args );  // METH_VARARGS
static PyObject *MyFunctionWithKeywords(PyObject *self,PyObject *args,PyObject *kw);  // METH_KEYWORDS
static PyObject *MyFunctionWithNoArgs( PyObject *self );  // METH_NOARGS
*///static char get_docs[] = "获取设备的相关信息\n";  // 随意定义的文档字符串描述
static char get_docs[] = "get info of device\n";  // 随意定义的文档字符串描述// 方法映射表，方法表是一个简单的PyMethodDef结构数组
static PyMethodDef module_methods[] = {{"set", (PyCFunction)USB5538_set, METH_VARARGS, get_docs},{ NULL, NULL, 0, NULL }// 格式解释：{ml_name，ml_meth，ml_flags，ml_doc}// ml_name:这是Python解释器在Python程序中使用的函数名。// ml_meth:这必须是函数名。// ml_flags:函数的三种实现方式,上述例子中已经标明对应字段选择// ml_doc:可以为空值，四个选项对应的空值分别为：{ NULL, NULL, 0, NULL }
};// 模块后面加module，比较规范。这个结构必须在模块的初始化函数中传递给解释器。初始化函数必须命名为PyInit_name()，其中name是模块的名称，并且应该是模块文件中定义的唯一非静态项
static struct PyModuleDef USB5538module =
{PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,"USB5538",  /* 模块名称 这个只是python调用__name__时展示，即使写错也不会有影响*///"USB5538的python接口对象，提供丰富的接口，用于操作USB5538设备\n", /* 模块文档*/"USB5538 of python interface\n", /* 模块文档*/-1, /* 模块的每个解释器状态的大小，如果模块在全局变量中保持状态，则为-1。*/module_methods  /* 方法映射表 ， 即需要引用定义好的引射表*/
};// 初始化函数，之前的初始化方法 PyMODINIT_FUNC initModule() 已弃用，新文档见 https://docs.python.org/3/extending/extending.html
PyMODINIT_FUNC PyInit_USB5538(void)
{return PyModule_Create(&USB5538module);  // 它返回一个模块对象，并根据模块定义中的表(PyMethodDef结构的数组)将内置函数对象插入到新创建的模块中。
}

2、验证

如图，验证成功！