一:实际场景介绍
我们在给用户做订单催付通知的时候,会有这样的一种场景,用户在系统后台设置一组可以催付的规则,比如说订单金额大于xx元,非黑名单用户,来自哪个地区,已购买过某个商品,指定某个营销活动的人等等这样的条件,如果这时用户在淘宝上下了一个订单,那程序要判断的就是看一下此订单是否满足这些规则中的某一个,如果满足,我们给他发送催付通知,这种场景是很多做CRM的同学都会遇到的问题,那针对这种场景,如何更好的规划业务逻辑呢?
二:普通的编程代码
在这里我们就不考虑多筛选条件下的性能,而只从代码维护复杂度考虑,如果不清楚设计模式的同学,大概会写出如下的代码:
namespace ConsoleApplication1
{class Program{static void Main(string[] args){var regulars = new List<Regulars>();regulars.Add(new Regulars() { RegularID = 1, RegularName = "规则1", AnalysisConditons = "xxxx" });regulars.Add(new Regulars() { RegularID = 1, RegularName = "规则2", AnalysisConditons = "xxxx" });regulars.Add(new Regulars() { RegularID = 1, RegularName = "规则3", AnalysisConditons = "xxxx" });regulars.Add(new Regulars() { RegularID = 1, RegularName = "规则4", AnalysisConditons = "xxxx" });regulars.Add(new Regulars() { RegularID = 1, RegularName = "规则5", AnalysisConditons = "xxxx" });var filters = FilterRegularID(regulars);filters = FilterRegularName(filters);filters = FilterCondtions(filters);//... 后续逻辑}static List<Regulars> FilterRegularID(List<Regulars> persons){//过滤 “姓名” 的逻辑return null;}static List<Regulars> FilterRegularName(List<Regulars> persons){//过滤 “age” 的逻辑return null;}static List<Regulars> FilterCondtions(List<Regulars> persons){//过滤 “email” 的逻辑return null;}}/// <summary>/// 各种催付规则/// </summary>public class Regulars{public int RegularID { get; set; }public string RegularName { get; set; }public string AnalysisConditons { get; set; }}
}
为了演示,上面的代码是从 regularid,regularname,condition
三个维度对 regulars 这个聚合对象进行AND模式的筛选过滤,当过滤维度比较多的时候,这种写法看的出来是简单粗暴,维护起来也必须简单粗暴, 所以上万行代码也就是这么出来的,设计模式告诉我们一个简单的“开闭原则”,那就是追求最小化的修改代码,这种场景有更好的优化策略吗?对应到设计模式上就是 “过滤器模式”, 专门针对这种场景的解决方案,一个维度一个类,然后通过逻辑运算类将他们进行组合,可以看出这是一种“结构式的设计模式”。
三:过滤器模式
好了,废话不多说,先来看一下优化后的设计图纸如下:
从上面这张图纸中可以看到,我已经将三个维度的过滤方法提取成了三个子类,由此抽象出了一个IFilter接口,当然你也可以定义成抽象类,然后实现了两个运算级 AND 和 OR 子类Filter,用于动态的对原子性的 RegularIDFilter,RegularNameFilter,ReuglarCondtionFilter
进行 AND,OR 逻辑运算,下面我们再看具体代码:
1. IFilter
public interface IFilter{List<Regulars> Filter(List<Regulars> regulars);}
2. RegularIDFilter
public class RegularIDFilter : IFilter{/// <summary>/// Regulars的过滤逻辑/// </summary>/// <param name="regulars"></param>/// <returns></returns>public List<Regulars> Filter(List<Regulars> regulars){return null;}}
3.RegularNameFilter
public class RegularNameFilter : IFilter{/// <summary>/// regularName的过滤方式/// </summary>/// <param name="regulars"></param>/// <returns></returns>public List<Regulars> Filter(List<Regulars> regulars){return null;}}
4. RegularCondtionFilter
public class RegularCondtionFilter : IFilter{/// <summary>/// Condition的过滤条件/// </summary>/// <param name="regulars"></param>/// <returns></returns>public List<Regulars> Filter(List<Regulars> regulars){return null;}}
5. AndFilter
/// <summary>/// filter的 And 模式/// </summary>public class AndFilter : IFilter{List<IFilter> filters = new List<IFilter>();public AndFilter(List<IFilter> filters){this.filters = filters;}public List<Regulars> Filter(List<Regulars> regulars){var regularlist = new List<Regulars>(regulars);foreach (var criteriaItem in filters){regularlist = criteriaItem.Filter(regularlist);}return regularlist;}}
6. OrFilter
public class OrFilter : IFilter{List<IFilter> filters = null;public OrFilter(List<IFilter> filters){this.filters = filters;}public List<Regulars> Filter(List<Regulars> regulars){//用hash去重var resultHash = new HashSet<Regulars>();foreach (var filter in filters){var smallPersonList = filter.Filter(regulars);foreach (var small in smallPersonList){resultHash.Add(small);}}return resultHash.ToList();}}
7. 最后我们客户端调用程序就简单了,只要将“原子性”的过滤条件追加到“逻辑运算类”中就完美了,如下图:
class Program{static void Main(string[] args){var regulars = new List<Regulars>();regulars.Add(new Regulars() { RegularID = 1, RegularName = "规则1", AnalysisConditons = "xxxx" });regulars.Add(new Regulars() { RegularID = 1, RegularName = "规则2", AnalysisConditons = "xxxx" });regulars.Add(new Regulars() { RegularID = 1, RegularName = "规则3", AnalysisConditons = "xxxx" });regulars.Add(new Regulars() { RegularID = 1, RegularName = "规则4", AnalysisConditons = "xxxx" });regulars.Add(new Regulars() { RegularID = 1, RegularName = "规则5", AnalysisConditons = "xxxx" });//追加filter条件var filterList = new IFilter[3] {new RegularIDFilter(),new RegularNameFilter(),new RegularCondtionFilter()};var andCriteria = new AndFilter(filterList.ToList());//进行 And组合 过滤andCriteria.Filter(regulars);}}
当你仔细看完上面的代码,会不会发现,如果后续有需求变更,比如说增加筛选的维度,我只需要新增一个继承 IFilter 的子类就搞定了,客户端在调用的时候只要在Filters集合中追加该筛选维度,是不是就OK了,所以这种模式几乎达到了无代码修改的地步~~~好了,本篇就说到了这里,希望对你有帮助~