程序包编译安装：
源码包：name-VERSION-release.src.rpm
rpm由源码包安装后，使用rpmbuild命令制作成二进制格式的rpm包，而后再安装
源代码–> 预处理–> 编译(gcc)–> 汇编–> 链接–> 执行
源代码组织格式：
多文件：文件中的代码之间，很可能存在跨文件依赖关系
C 、C++ ：make ( 项目管理器，configure –> Makefile.in –> makefile)
java: maven
C代码编译安装三步骤：
1、./configure：
(1)通过选项传递参数，指定启用特性、安装路径等；执行时会参考用户的指定以及makefile.in 文件生成makefile
(2)检查依赖到的外部环境
2、make：
根据makefile文件，构建应用程序
3、make install:
复制文件到相应路径
开发工具：
autoconf：生成configure 脚本
automake：生成Makefile.in
注意：安装前查看INSTALL，README
开源程序源代码的获取：
官方自建站点：
apache.org (ASF)
mariadb.org
…
代码托管：
SourceForge.net
Github.com
code.google.com
c/c++ 编译器: gcc (GNU C Complier)
编译C源代码：
前提：提供开发工具及开发环境
开发工具：make, gcc等
开发环境：开发库，头文件
glibc：标准库
通过“包组”提供开发组件
CentOS:
"Development Tools",
"Server Platform Development"
第一步：configure 脚本
选项：指定安装位置、指定启用的特性
–help：获取其支持使用的选项(进入到解压的文件中执行命令)
选项分类：
安装路径设定：
–prefix=/PATH：指定默认安装位置, 默认为/usr/local/
–sysconfdir=/PATH：配置文件安装位置
Optional Features：可选特性
–disable-FEATURE
–enable-FEATURE[=ARG]
Optional Packages：可选包,
–with-PACKAGE[=ARG], 依赖包
–without-PACKAGE, 禁用依赖关系
第二步：make
第三步：make install
安装后的配置：
(1) 二进制程序目录导入至PATH 环境变量中；
编辑文件/etc/profile.d/NAME.sh
export PATH=/PATH/TO/BIN:$PATH
(2) 导入库文件路径
编辑/etc/ld.so.conf.d/NAME.conf
添加新的库文件所在目录至此文件中；
让系统重新生成缓存：
ldconfig [-v]
(3)导入头文件
基于链接的方式导出头文件至/usr/include文件中
2种实现方式，导出整个目录为1个符号链接，导出每个文件为符号链接
ln -sv
(4)导入帮助手册
编辑/etc/man.config|man_db.conf 文件
添加一个MANPATH
注以下shell脚本问自己手动编写，如若出现任何问题，本人概不负责
编译安装后自动配置脚本：(自动完成上述4步操作)
#!/bin/bash
#desricptino auto make dir of configue make make install
#version 0.1
#author gaomeng
#date 20160822
#
read -p "Please input service dir path: " dir
//检测该目录是否存在，不存在则报错，退出
if [ -e $dir ];then
echo "dir is exist."
else
echo "dir is not exist."
exit
fi
bindir=$dir/bin
libdir=$dir/lib
includedir=$dir/include
mandir=$dir/man
//检测该目录下的bin，lib，include，man目录是否存在，不存在则报错，退出
if [ -e $bindir ];then
echo "bin dir is exist."
else
echo "bin dir is not exist."
exit
fi
if [ -e $libdir ];then
echo "lib dir is exist."
else
echo "lib dir is not exist."
exit
fi
if [ -e $includedir ];then
echo "include dir is exist."
else
echo "include dir is not exist."
exit
fi
if [ -e $mandir ];then
echo "man dir is exist."
else
echo "man dir is not exist."
exit
fi
name=`basename $dir`
//检测对应目录下(/etc/profile.d/ ，/etc/ld.so.conf.d/ ，/usr/include/)的以路径基名为文件名的文件是否存在，存在则报错，退出
if [ -e /etc/profile.d/$name.sh ]; then
echo "/etc/profile.d/${name}.sh is exist."
exit
else
touch /etc/profile.d/${name}.sh
echo "PATH=$bindir:$PATH" >> /etc/profile.d/${name}.sh
echo "/etc/profile.d/${name}.sh add success."
echo -e "\033[42;31mplease execute: source /etc/profile.d/http.sh\033[0m"
fi
if [ -e /etc/ld.so.conf.d/${name}.conf ]; then
echo "/etc/ld.so.conf.d/${name}.conf is exist."
exit
else
echo "$libdir" >> /etc/ld.so.conf.d/${name}.conf
ldconfig
echo "/etc/ld.so.conf.d/${name}.conf add success."
fi
if [ -e /usr/include/${name} ]; then
echo "/usr/include/${name} is exist."
exit
else
ln -sv $includedir /usr/include/${name}
echo "/usr/include/${name} add success."
fi
//向/etc/man.config文件中最近一条man帮助文件路径
echo "MANPATH $mandir" >> /etc/man.config
echo "$mandir add in /etc/man.config."
自动卸载脚本：(自动删除上述4步所建目录和安装文件目录)
#!/bin/bash
#description auto del service configue file and service file
#version 0.1
#auther gaomeng
#date 20160823
#
read -p "Please input service dir path: " dir
//检测该目录是否存在，不存在则报错
if [ -e $dir ];then
echo "dir is exist."
else
echo "dir is not exist."
read -p "you want go or exit,please input " ans
case $ans in
[yY]|[yY][sS][eE])
;;
[nN]|[nN][oO])
exit;;
*)
exit;;
esac
fi
name=`basename $dir`
//检测对应目录下(/etc/profile.d/ ，/etc/ld.so.conf.d/ ，/usr/include/)的以路径基名为文件名的文件是否存在，存在则删除文件，不存在则退出
if [ -e /etc/profile.d/$name.sh ]; then
rm -f /etc/profile.d/${name}.sh
echo "/etc/profile.d/${name}.sh is deleted."
else
echo "/etc/profile.d/${name}.sh is not exist."
fi
if [ -e /etc/ld.so.conf.d/${name}.conf ]; then
rm -f /etc/ld.so.conf.d/${name}.conf
echo "/etc/ld.so.conf.d/${name}.conf is deletes."
else
echo "/etc/ld.so.conf.d/${name}.conf is not exist."
fi
if [ -e /usr/include/${name} ]; then
rm -f /usr/include/${name}
echo "/usr/include/${name} is deletes."
else
echo "/usr/include/${name} is exist."
fi
//删除/etc/man.config文件中的该服务的man帮助路径
sed -i "s@MANPATH /usr/local/${name}/man@@" /etc/man.config
fgrep "s@MANPATH /usr/local/${name}/man@@" /etc/man.config
echo "${name}/man delete from /etc/man.config."
//删除该服务文件
rm -rf $dir
作业：源码安装http2.2.29
[root@CentOS6 ~]# lftp 10.1.0.1/pub //下载源码包
cd ok, cwd=/pub
lftp 10.1.0.1:/pub> cd Sources/sources/httpd/
lftp 10.1.0.1:/pub/Sources/sources/httpd> get httpd-2.2.29.tar.bz2
5625498 bytes transferred
lftp 10.1.0.1:/pub/Sources/sources/httpd> bye
[root@CentOS6 ~]# tar xf httpd-2.2.29.tar.bz2 //解压源码包
[root@CentOS6 ~]# cd httpd-2.2.29
[root@CentOS6 httpd-2.2.29]# ./configure prefix=/usr/local/apache2 //安装3步骤
[root@CentOS6 httpd-2.2.29]# make
[root@CentOS6 httpd-2.2.29]# make install
[root@CentOS6 httpd-2.2.29]# which apachectl //apachectl的二进制程序路径
/usr/sbin/apachectl
[root@CentOS6 httpd-2.2.29]# /root/makeautoadd.sh //执行编译安装后自动配置脚本
Please input service dir path: /usr/local/apache2
dir is exist.
bin dir is exist.
lib dir is exist.
include dir is exist.
man dir is exist.
please execute: source /etc/profile.d/http.sh
/etc/profile.d/apache2.sh add success.
/etc/ld.so.conf.d/apache2.conf add success.
`/usr/include/apache2' -> `/usr/local/apache2/include'
/usr/include/apache2 add success.
/usr/local/apache2/man add in /etc/man.config.
[root@CentOS6 httpd-2.2.29]# source /etc/profile.d/apache2.sh
[root@CentOS6 httpd-2.2.29]# which apachectl //apachectl的二进制程序路径改变了
/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl
[root@CentOS6 httpd-2.2.29]# echo "ServerName localhost:80" >> /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf
[root@CentOS6 httpd-2.2.29]# apachectl start //启动服务
[root@CentOS6 httpd-2.2.29]# ip addr show eth0
2: eth0: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:dd:9f:c8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.1.143.1/8 brd 10.255.255.255 scope global eth0 //ip地址
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fedd:9fc8/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
服务启动成功
原创文章，作者：megedugao，如若转载，请注明出处：http://www.178linux.com/39210
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