01
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前言
MEF是微软自家的托管可扩展框架,在这里我把它用成了ioc容器。在Caliburn.Micro框架下,view和viewmodel被注入到CompositionContainer容器中,然后通过名称可以实现view和viewmodel的匹配。利用这一特点,在多人合作项目开发中,一个解决方法就可以拆分成很多个项目,只用在主项目中搭建框架,每个分支项目开发好以后加载到容器中,就可以实现界面和逻辑的调用,可能这样解释有点生涩,具体我们看下面实例再去理解。
02
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新建项目MefTest
第一步 :在我们的解决方法下添加新的项目MefTest(类库)
第二步:MefTest下添加MefTestView.xaml和MefTestViewModel.cs
MefTestViewModel:
[Export(typeof(MefTestViewModel))] 一般是继承公共的接口并导出,当然像我这样直接导出也是可以的.
//[Export("PluginTestViewModel", typeof(IPluggablePart))]//[PartCreationPolicy(CreationPolicy.Shared)]///也可以这样[Export(typeof(MefTestViewModel))]//表示此类需要导出,导出的类型为objectpublic class MefTestViewModel{public void MefTestBtn(){MessageBox.Show("这是一个mef的测试类");}public int Sum(int a ,int b){return a + b;}}
MefTestView.xaml:
<UserControl x:Class="MefTest.MefTestView"xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" xmlns:local="clr-namespace:MefTest"mc:Ignorable="d" d:DesignHeight="450" d:DesignWidth="800"><Grid ShowGridLines="True"><Grid.RowDefinitions><RowDefinition Height="*"/><RowDefinition Height="*"/></Grid.RowDefinitions><Grid.ColumnDefinitions><ColumnDefinition Width="*"/><ColumnDefinition Width="*"/></Grid.ColumnDefinitions><Button Name="MefTestBtn" Content="MefTestBtn" Background="LightCoral" FontSize="45"/></Grid>
</UserControl>
03
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通过Mef注入dll
详细代码如下:
DisplayRootViewFor<StartViewModel>();//显示界面
这里也可以让主界面的viewmodel继承一个公共的接口,比如IShell,这样这里接可以改写为:
DisplayRootViewFor<IShell>();//显示界面
using Caliburn.Micro;
using MefTest;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel.Composition;
using System.ComponentModel.Composition.Hosting;
using System.ComponentModel.Composition.Primitives;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows;namespace CaliburnTest
{class MyBootstrapper : BootstrapperBase{public MyBootstrapper(){Initialize();//初始化框架}//容器,装东西用的。具体装什么先不管。CompositionContainer container;//[Import]//public MefTestParts mefTestParts { get; set; }protected override void OnStartup(object sender, StartupEventArgs e){DisplayRootViewFor<StartViewModel>();//显示界面}//private IDialogManager dialogManager = PlatformIoC.Get<IDialogManager>();//[Import(typeof(ContainerTest))]//public ContainerTest ts { get; set; }/// <summary>/// 方法1/// </summary>protected void Configure0(){var envirmentPath = System.IO.Directory.GetCurrentDirectory();//AssemblyCatalog 目录的一种,表示在程序集中搜索var assemblyCatalog = new AssemblyCatalog(typeof(StartViewModel).Assembly);//此处这一句实际上没啥用,因为此程序集下没有任何我们需要的实例(各种handler)//在某个目录下的dll中搜索。//var directoryCatalog = new DirectoryCatalog(@"C:\Program Files (x86)\YWTK\TOOLS\PLUGIN-LIBS\MISC\I12\", "*.dll");var directoryCatalog = new DirectoryCatalog(envirmentPath, @"ContainerDLL.dll");var aggregateCatalog = new AggregateCatalog(assemblyCatalog, directoryCatalog);//创建搜索到的部件,放到容器中。container = new CompositionContainer(aggregateCatalog);var batch = new CompositionBatch(); //如果还有自己的部件都加在这个地方batch.AddExportedValue<IWindowManager>(new WindowManager());batch.AddExportedValue<IEventAggregator>(new EventAggregator());batch.AddExportedValue(container);this.container.Compose(batch);}/// <summary>/// 方法2/// </summary>protected override void Configure(){var envirmentPath = System.IO.Directory.GetCurrentDirectory();AssemblySource.Instance.Add(Assembly.LoadFile(Path.Combine(envirmentPath, @"MefTest.dll")));//AssemblySource.Instance.Add(Assembly.LoadFile(Path.Combine(envirmentPath, @"PluginTest.dll")));var catalog = new AggregateCatalog(AssemblySource.Instance.Select(x => new AssemblyCatalog(x)).OfType<ComposablePartCatalog>());this.container = new CompositionContainer(catalog);var batch = new CompositionBatch(); //如果还有自己的部件都加在这个地方batch.AddExportedValue<IWindowManager>(new WindowManager());batch.AddExportedValue<IEventAggregator>(new EventAggregator());batch.AddExportedValue(this.container);this.container.Compose(batch);}protected override object GetInstance(Type service, string key){if (service == null){return null;}string contract = string.IsNullOrEmpty(key) ? AttributedModelServices.GetContractName(service) : key;var exports = container.GetExportedValues<object>(contract);if (exports.Any()){return exports.First();}throw new Exception(string.Format("Could not locate any instances of contract {0}.", contract));}protected override IEnumerable<object> GetAllInstances(Type service){return container.GetExportedValues<object>(AttributedModelServices.GetContractName(service));}protected override void BuildUp(object instance){container.SatisfyImportsOnce(instance);}protected override void OnExit(object sender, EventArgs e){base.OnExit(sender, e);this.Application.Shutdown();}}}
04
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主程序加载和调用
StartView.xaml中添加一个tab页:
<TabItem x:Name="Up5" Header="MefTest" ><ContentControl cal:View.Model="{Binding MefTestView}"/></TabItem>
viewmodel中:
定义 MefTestViewModel
public MefTestViewModel MefTestView { get;set;}
然后在主程序的构造函数中通过ioc获取viewmodel实例:
MefTestView = IoC.Get<MefTestViewModel>();
这样其它项目的界面就成功的被加载到了我们的主项目中,然而我们并没有实例化,这样如果我们定义了公共的接口,直接导出接口类型,就很好地实现了主项目和子项目的解耦。
05
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运行结果