Mysql安装及自动化部署脚本方案

一.简介

数据库（Database）是按照数据结构来组织、存储和管理数据的仓库，

每个数据库都有一个或多个不同的API用于创建，访问，管理，搜索和复制所保存的数据。

我们也可以将数据存储在文件中，但是在文件中读写数据速度相对较慢。

所以，现在我们使用关系型数据库管理系统（RDBMS）来存储和管理的大数据量。所谓的关系型数据库，是建立在关系模型基础上的数据库，借助于集合代数等数学概念和方法来处理数据库中的数据。

RDBMS即关系数据库管理系统(Relational Database Management System)的特点：

• 1.数据以表格的形式出现
• 2.每行为各种记录名称
• 3.每列为记录名称所对应的数据域
• 4.许多的行和列组成一张表单
• 5.若干的表单组成database

二.安装环境搭建

四种方法
    1、通过二进制的方式安装
        1) rpm(redhat/mysql rpm)
        2) mysql glbic

优点：安装和维护都比较方便，不需要编译。
缺点：可定制性差，可移植性差，一个系统上只能安装一个mysql
        
        
    2、通过源代码编译的安装（mysql-xx.tar.gz）
        5.1源码安装
        5.5源码安装
优点：可定制性强（安装可以根据用户的需求，只安装所需要的功能）
缺点：安装复杂，所需要的时候比二进制的安装要长得多 

2.1 二进制安装

1、redhat RPM
# yum list |grep mysql
mysql.x86_64                            --客户端                          
mysql-libs.x86_64                            --库包（类似于dll）,可以让第三方程序调用这些库文件，扩充软件的功能。  
mysql-server.x86_64                        --服务器软件包               
mysql-bench.x86_64                    --压力测试工具包                  
mysql-connector-odbc.x86_64         --连接器                                       
mysql-devel.x86_64                         --开发包                          
mysql-test.x86_64                            --测试数据库包       

1、安装软件

rpm -ivh mysqlrpm or
#yum -y install mysql-server mysql
service mysqld start


2、建立配置文件/etc/my.cnf
# vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]    <---[进程名字] 对应的配置给予对应的进程名字的进程使用，mysqld是服务端
datadir=/data    <---数据库用于存放数据的数据文件所在路径
socket=/data/mysqld.sock <---套接字文件，服务启动的时候生成，服务正常关闭就删除该文件
user=mysql    <--- 服务运行的有效身份
port=3306    <--- tcp协议监听的端口

2.glibc安装

# service mysql stop    --先停止RPM包安装的mysqld
# tar xzvf mysql-5.5.25-linux2.6-x86_64_glibc.tar.gz -C /opt

参照安装文档
INSTALL-BINARY
******************************************************
shell> groupadd mysql
shell> useradd -r -g mysql mysql
shell> cd /opt
shell> ln -s full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS mysql
shell> cd mysql
shell> chown -R mysql .
shell> chgrp -R mysql .
shell> scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
shell> chown -R root .
shell> chown -R mysql data
shell> cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
shell> cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.glbic
# vim /etc/init.d/mysql.glibc
basedir=/opt/mysql-glibc
*******************************************  

3.源码安装5.1

# pkill mysql
# tar xzvf mysql-5.1.58.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/
# cd /usr/local/src/mysql-5.1.58/
# ./configure --prefix=/opt/mysql-source --with-big-tables --with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static --with-client-ldflags=-all-static --with-charset=utf8 --with-extra-charsets=all
 --with-big-tables                    64系统支持4G的大表
 --with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static        服务端使用静态库的方式编译
 --with-client-ldflags=-all-static   客户端使用表态库的方式编译官方称可提升mysql5%-10%左右的性能,静态编译就是把程序要用到的一些库文件给编译到程序里，那么调用方便,当然编译 软件的体积会大一点。
 --with-charset=utf8                    --指定默认的语言编码utf8
 --with-extra-charsets=all                --指定扩展的语言编码
# make && make install

# cd /opt/mysql-source/
# chown mysql.mysql . -R
# mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak.bak
# ./bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
# chown root . -R
# chown mysql var -R
# cp share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.souce
# vim /etc/init.d/mysql.souce
basedir=/opt/mysql-source
datadir=/opt/mysql-source/var

4.C语言编译安装

　　

1.安装cmake

# tar  xzf cmake-2.8.7.tar.gz –C /usr/local

# cd /usr/local/cmake-2.8.7

# ./configure && make &&make install

2.安装mysql

shell> cmake . -L   # overview等于./confgiure --help

shell> cmake . -LH  # 查看简约的帮助,相比上一步有更详细一点的选项说明

shell> cmake . -LAH # 查看所有的配置选项,包括选项的解释说明

shell> ccmake .     #伪图形界来配置软件

 

shell> tar zxf  mysql-5.5.28.tar.gz –C /usr/local/

shell> cd /usr/local/mysql-5.5.28

shell> cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/src/mysql \ --指定安装路径

-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \     --启用innodb存储引擎

-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \            --允许通过本地导入数据

-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \               --指定默认的语言编码

-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \                    --扩展语言编码

-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \       --排序语言编码

-DSYSCONFDIR=/usr/src/mysql/etc \        --配置文件的目录

-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data \                --数据目录

-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/data/mysql.sock \     --socket目录

shell> make && make install

shell> cd /opt/mysql

shell> chown -R mysql .

shell> chgrp -R mysql .

shell> scripts /mysql_install_db --user=mysql

shell> chown -R root .

shell> chown -R mysql data

shell>cp /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak

shell> cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

shell>netstat –antpl |grep mysqld  ---检验服务是否开启

 

3.更改配置生成mysql启动脚本

# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server

# ls /etc/init.d |find mys

# mv /etc/init.d/mysql.server  /etc/init.d/mysqld

# vi /etc/init.d/mysqld

 

测试mysql文件是否生效

# service mysqld restart

4.将mysql服务实现开机自启动

# chkconfig mysqld on

 

三.安装完成后环境配置

3.1．数据库基础配置，创建维护账号

select user,host,password from mysql.user;  --查看数据库用户信息

create user 'test'@'%' identified by 'CFVIRTUAL3303';  --创建远程用户

create user 'test'@'localhost' identified by 'CFVIRTUAL3303'; --创建本地用户

grant all privileges on *.* to 'test'@'%' identified by 'password' WITH GRANT OPTION;  --授权用户所有数据库权限

flush privileges;

update user set password='password' where user='yuming'; --更改用户密码

      

grant all privileges on mobiledb.* to 'test'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION; --授权某个用户指定数据库

flush privileges;  ---刷新数据库权限

 3.2 调整my.cnf 的默认配置参数

# vim /usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf文件内容如下：
[client]
port            = 3307
socket          = /usr/local/mysql/sockets/mysqld.sock[mysqld]
port            = 3307
socket          = /usr/local/mysql/sockets/mysqld.sock
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/mysql_error.log
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/var
relay-log = /usr/local/mysql/var/slave-relay.log
relay-log-info-file=/usr/local/mysql/var/relay-log.info
relay-log-index =/usr/local/mysql/var/relay-log.indexskip-external-lockingback_log = 50
skip-name-resolve
max_connections =2500
max_connect_errors = 1000auto-increment-increment = 2
auto-increment-offset = 1table_open_cache = 2048
max_allowed_packet = 1024M
binlog_cache_size = 1M
max_heap_table_size = 1024M
sort_buffer_size = 32M
join_buffer_size = 8M
thread_cache_size = 16
query_cache_size = 16M
query_cache_limit = 2M
ft_min_word_len = 4default-storage-engine = INNODB
transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ
tmp_table_size = 512M
log-bin=mysql-bin
binlog_format=mixed
expire_logs_days = 7
slow_query_log
long_query_time = 2
server-id = 2
key_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer_size = 8M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1myisam_recover
innodb_file_per_table
innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/var
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1G
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/var
#innodb_file_io_threads = 48
innodb_read_io_threads =8
innodb_write_io_threads =8
innodb_thread_concurrency = 8innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
innodb_log_file_size = 256M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 1024M[mysql]
no-auto-rehash[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 512M
sort_buffer_size = 512M
read_buffer = 8M
write_buffer = 8M[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout[mysqld_safe]
open-files-limit = 8192

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
################################################################################
#
#Coding     : utf-8
#FileName   : ist_mysql.py
#Desc       : 自动化安装Mysql
#call       : python ist_mysql.py mysql用户密码 server-id 绑定IP地址 innodb缓冲区大小 安装软件存放路径 软件安装目录 软件数据存放目录 软件日志存放目录
#
#example    : python ist_mysql.py mysql@2015 2015110301 127.0.0.1 4G /usr/local/src /usr/local/mysql /mysql/data /mysql/logs
################################################################################"""this script for auto install mysql."""import os
import sys
import pub_printlogSHELLSTRING = '''
#!/bin/bash
#安装软件存放路径 %s
#软件安装目录 %s
#软件数据存放目录 %s
#软件日志存放目录 %s
#配置文件存放目录 /etc/my.cnf
#sock文件存放目录 /tmp/mysql.sock
#假设安装时间2015年09月09日15时
#此台服务器为当日安装的第一台服务器 server-id=2015090901#创建mysql用户
id mysql
groupadd -g 525 mysql
useradd -g mysql -m -d /home/mysql -u 525 mysql
#设置mysql用户密码
passwd --stdin mysql << 'MUL'
%s
MULcd %s/#解压安装   
cd ..
tar -zxvf %s/mysql-5.6.25-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz 
mv mysql-5.6.25-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/ mysql
cd mysql/#创建数据目录及数据日志存放目录
mkdir -p %s
mkdir -p %s#修改配置文件，里面对应的参数设置应根据系统配置做相应修改
cat >>/etc/my.cnf<<'MUL'
[client]
#comment those three rows when use mysqlbinlog.
#-------------------------------------------------
#prompt="\\\\u@\\\\h:\\\\d \\\\r:\\\\m:\\\\s>"
#default-character-set=utf8
#no-auto-rehash
#-------------------------------------------------
port= 3306
socket= /tmp/mysql.sock[mysqld]
##general configuration
server-id = %s
#bind-address = %s
user=mysql
port=3306
basedir=%s
datadir=%s
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
pid-file=%s/mysql.pid
event_scheduler = 0
lower_case_table_names=1
character-set-server = utf8
transaction-isolation = REPEATABLE-READ
skip_name_resolve
max_connect_errors = 100000
skip-external-locking
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_data_home_dir = %s
innodb_data_file_path= ibdata1:1G:autoextend
innodb_log_group_home_dir = %s
innodb_buffer_pool_size= %s
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_log_file_size = 256M
innodb_log_buffer_size = 32M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
key_buffer_size = 128M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 32M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 4M
join_buffer_size = 8M
max_connections = 2048
open_files_limit = 65535
table_open_cache = 512
tmp_table_size = 256M
max_heap_table_size = 256M
query_cache_type = 1
query_cache_size = 512M
query_cache_limit = 2M
query_cache_min_res_unit = 512
thread_cache_size = 1024
thread_stack = 256K
slow_query_log=1
slow_query_log_file = %s/mysql-slow.log
long_query_time = 1
log-error = %s/mysql-error-log.err
log_warnings = 2
log-bin = %s/mysql-bin
binlog_format = row
max_binlog_size = 1G
binlog_cache_size = 4M
max_binlog_cache_size = 2G
sync_binlog = 0
expire_logs_days = 7##bestpay secure configuration
sql_mode=NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER
local_infile=off
secure_authMUL#将数据目录的属主更改为mysql，否则会导致数据初始化失败            
chown -R  mysql.mysql /mysql/
./scripts/mysql_install_db  --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=mysql &sleep 180ls %s/mysql/#重命名数据目录下的配置文件名，否则会导致部分/etc/my.cnf中的配置失效，命名规则为my+年份前两位+月日
mv my.cnf my`date +%%y%%m%%d`.cnf#检查对应的目录下初始化的数据是否正常
ls %s/
ls %s/#设置PATH变量
cat>>/etc/profile<<'MUL'
export MYSQL_HOME=%s
export PATH=$PATH:$MYSQL_HOME/bin
MULsource /etc/profile#修改文件属主及权限
chown mysql.mysql /etc/my.cnf
chmod 644 /etc/my.cnfcp %s/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
chown root.root /etc/init.d/mysqld
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld 
chown -R mysql.mysql %s
chmod 755 %s
chown -R mysql.mysql %s/
chmod 755 %s/#启动mysql服务
service mysqld start#设置服务自启动
cat>>/etc/rc.local<<'MUL'
/etc/init.d/mysqld start
MUL#安装完毕！
echo 'mysql has installed! script exit.'
'''def write_file(filename, content):"""this function write shell file."""file_object = open(filename, 'w')try:file_object.write(content)finally:file_object.close()if __name__ == '__main__':pub_printlog.printalllog('ist_mysql', '开始运行。')if not len(sys.argv) == 9:pub_printlog.printlog('error', 'ist_mysql', '参数数量错误。目前只接收到%s个参数。' % (len(sys.argv)))print 'argv number wrong!'print '正确的参数传递应该为：python ist_mysql.py mysql用户密码 server-id 绑定IP地址 innodb缓冲区大小 安装软件存放路径 软件安装目录 软件数据存放目录 软件日志存放目录'pub_printlog.printalllog('ist_mysql', '运行结束。')exit()#产生SHELLSTRING脚本pub_printlog.printlog('info', 'ist_mysql', '产生SHELLSTRING脚本。')write_file('/root/ist_mysql.sh', SHELLSTRING % (sys.argv[5],sys.argv[6],sys.argv[7],sys.argv[8],sys.argv[1],sys.argv[5],sys.argv[5],sys.argv[7],sys.argv[8],sys.argv[2],sys.argv[3],sys.argv[6],sys.argv[7],sys.argv[7],sys.argv[7],sys.argv[7],sys.argv[4],sys.argv[8],sys.argv[8],sys.argv[8],sys.argv[7],sys.argv[7],sys.argv[8],sys.argv[6],sys.argv[6],sys.argv[7],sys.argv[7],sys.argv[6],sys.argv[6]))pub_printlog.printlog('info', 'ist_mysql', 'SHELLSTRING脚本生成完毕。')#修改权限pub_printlog.printlog('info', 'ist_mysql', '修改权限。')os.system('chmod 774 /root/ist_mysql.sh')pub_printlog.printlog('info', 'ist_mysql', '修改权限完毕。')#执行脚本pub_printlog.printlog('info', 'ist_mysql', '执行脚本。')os.system('/root/ist_mysql.sh')pub_printlog.printlog('info', 'ist_mysql', '执行脚本完毕。')#睡眠3分钟，等待mysql服务起来。最好的办法是进程检测。此处偷懒。#pub_printlog.printlog('info', 'ist_mysql', '睡眠3分钟。')#time.sleep(180)#pub_printlog.printlog('info', 'ist_mysql', '睡眠3分钟结束。')#对帐号进行处理。#修改root帐号密码。#mysqladmin不识别prompt。只能用别的方法。去掉注释请增加import time模块的代码。#os.system("/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'root'")#os.system("/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h 127.0.0.1 password 'root'")pub_printlog.printlog('info', 'ist_mysql', '修改root帐号密码。')os.system('''%s/bin/mysql -u root -e "%s"''' % (sys.argv[6], "update mysql.user set password=password('root') where user='root';"))os.system('''%s/bin/mysql -u root -e "%s"''' % (sys.argv[6], "flush privileges;"))pub_printlog.printlog('info', 'ist_mysql', '修改root帐号密码完成。')#删除危险帐号。pub_printlog.printlog('info', 'ist_mysql', '删除危险帐号。')pub_printlog.printlog('info', 'ist_mysql', '删除空名与::1主机帐号。')os.system('''%s/bin/mysql -u root -p'root' -e "%s"''' % (sys.argv[6], "delete from mysql.user where user='';"))os.system('''%s/bin/mysql -u root -p'root' -e "%s"''' % (sys.argv[6], "delete from mysql.user where host='::1';"))OUTPUT = os.popen('hostname')HOSTNAME = OUTPUT.read().replace('\n', '').replace('\r', '')pub_printlog.printlog('info', 'ist_mysql', '删除主机名帐号。')os.system('''%s/bin/mysql -u root -p'root' -e "%s"''' % (sys.argv[6], "delete from mysql.user where host = '%s';" % (HOSTNAME)))os.system('''%s/bin/mysql -u root -p'root' -e "%s"''' % (sys.argv[6], "flush privileges;"))pub_printlog.printlog('info', 'ist_mysql', '删除危险帐号完成。')#增加复制帐号，备份帐号，监控帐号。pub_printlog.printlog('info', 'ist_mysql', '增加复制帐号。')os.system('''%s/bin/mysql -u root -p'root' -e "%s"''' % (sys.argv[6], "grant replication slave on *.* to replication@'172.%' identified by 'slave@2015';"))pub_printlog.printlog('info', 'ist_mysql', '增加备份帐号。')os.system('''%s/bin/mysql -u root -p'root' -e "%s"''' % (sys.argv[6], "grant select, reload, lock tables, replication client on *.* to 'backup'@'localhost' identified by 'backup@2015';"))pub_printlog.printlog('info', 'ist_mysql', '增加监控帐号。')os.system('''%s/bin/mysql -u root -p'root' -e "%s"''' % (sys.argv[6], "grant process,replication client on *.* to monitor@'localhost' identified by 'monitor@2015';"))#删除test库。pub_printlog.printlog('info', 'ist_mysql', '删除test库。')os.system('''%s/bin/mysql -u root -p'root' -e "%s"''' % (sys.argv[6], "drop database test;"))pub_printlog.printlog('info', 'ist_mysql', '删除test库完成。')#修改root帐号名称。pub_printlog.printlog('info', 'ist_mysql', '修改root帐号名称。')os.system('''%s/bin/mysql -u root -p'root' -e "%s"''' % (sys.argv[6], "update mysql.user set user='rootbp' where user='root';"))os.system('''%s/bin/mysql -u root -p'root' -e "%s"''' % (sys.argv[6], "flush privileges;"))pub_printlog.printlog('info', 'ist_mysql', '修改root帐号名称完成。')#删除临时文件pub_printlog.printlog('info', 'ist_mysql', '删除临时文件。')os.system('rm -f /root/ist_mysql.sh')pub_printlog.printlog('info', 'ist_mysql', '删除临时文件完成。')print "user's privileges done!"pub_printlog.printalllog('ist_mysql', '运行结束。')