最近做一个项目后端使用WCF接收Android手机拍照并带其它参数保存到服务器里;刚好把最近学习的WCF利用上,本以为是个比较简单的功能应该很好实现,没想到其中碰到不少问题,在网上搜索很久一直没有想到的解决方案,最后实现对数据流的分段写入然后后端再来解析流实现的此功能;后端运用WCF中的REST来接收数据;REST还是比较简单的知识,若是不懂可以简单网上了解一下;下面我们先了解一些本次运用到的理论知识:
一:理论知识
由于低层协议特性限制,WCF的流模式只支持如下四种:1:BasicHttpBinding 2:NetTcpBinding 3:NetNamedPipeBinding 4:WebHttpBinding
1.设置TransferMode。它支持四种模式(Buffered、Streamed、StreamedRequest、StreamedResponse),请根据具体情况设置成三种Stream模式之一。
2.修改MaxReceivedMessageSize。该值默认大小为64k,因此,当传输数据大于64k时,则抛出CommunicationException异常。
3.修改receiveTimeout 和sendTimeout。大数据传送时间较长,需要修改这两个值,以免传输超时。
二:解决问题
WCF如果使用Stream做为参数时只能唯一一个,不能有其它另外的参数,这个也是本次碰到要重点解决的一个问题;可是我们Android手机除的图片还要有其它的参数,最后决定采用手机端把参数跟图片都一起写入Stream里面,后端WCF再来解析这个参数的流;
下面就是定义好Stream的格式,传过来的Stream分成三部分: 参数信息长度 参数信息 图片
1 参数信息长度(1字节):用于存放参数信息的长度(以字节为单位);
2 参数信息: 除图片以外的参数,以JSON的形式存放如{"type":"jpg","EmployeeID":"12","TaskID":"13"}
3 图片:图片的字节
三:WCF编码内容
1:我们首先定义一个WCF契约,由于我们运用REST(在命名空间ServiceModel.Web下面)契约IAndroidInfo内容如下,采用POST方式进行接收:
using System.ServiceModel; using System.Runtime.Serialization; using System.ServiceModel.Web; using System.IO;namespace Coreius.CEIMS.AndroidInterface {[ServiceContract]public interface IAndroidInfo{[WebInvoke(UriTemplate = "GpsUpFile", Method = "POST", BodyStyle = WebMessageBodyStyle.Wrapped, RequestFormat = WebMessageFormat.Json, ResponseFormat = WebMessageFormat.Json)]bool GpsUpFile(Stream ImageContext);} }
2:根据契约我们定义服务的内容,接收一个流的参数内容,首先把这个Stream转化成字节,然后根据我们先前约定好的内容获得第一个字节的值,再根据此值定义我们另外三个参数的字节长度,再通过JSON转换格式把它里面的三个参数值取出来,最后其它字节是存放一张手机拍的照片,把它存放在于们服务器D盘文件夹下
using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.ServiceModel; using System.ServiceModel.Web; using System.IO; using Newtonsoft.Json;namespace Coreius.CEIMS.AndroidService {public class AndroidInfoService:IAndroidInfo{public bool GpsUpFile(Stream ImageContext){byte[] m_Bytes = ReadToEnd(ImageContext);int len = (int)m_Bytes[0];byte[] data = m_Bytes.Skip(1).Take(len).ToArray();string Jsonstr = System.Text.Encoding.Default.GetString(data);JsonModel item = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<JsonModel>(Jsonstr);string ImageType=item.type;string EmployeeID=item.EmployeeID;string TaskID=item.TaskID;byte[] Imagedata = m_Bytes.Skip(1 + len).ToArray();string DiskName = "d:";string FileAddress = "\\UpLoad\\";string LocationAddress = DiskName + FileAddress;if (!DirFileHelper.IsExistDirectory(LocationAddress)){DirFileHelper.CreateDirectory(LocationAddress);}string ImageName = DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMddhhmmss.") + ImageType;string ImagePath = LocationAddress + ImageName;if (!File.Exists(ImagePath)){try{System.IO.File.WriteAllBytes(ImagePath, Imagedata);ImageContext.Close();return true;}catch{return false;}}else{return false;}}} }
上面的代码用到几个方法,比如把流转化成字节、把JSON转化成实现等,代码如下:
public byte[] ReadToEnd(System.IO.Stream stream){long originalPosition = 0;if (stream.CanSeek){originalPosition = stream.Position;stream.Position = 0;}try{byte[] readBuffer = new byte[4096];int totalBytesRead = 0;int bytesRead;while ((bytesRead = stream.Read(readBuffer, totalBytesRead, readBuffer.Length - totalBytesRead)) > 0){totalBytesRead += bytesRead;if (totalBytesRead == readBuffer.Length){int nextByte = stream.ReadByte();if (nextByte != -1){byte[] temp = new byte[readBuffer.Length * 2];Buffer.BlockCopy(readBuffer, 0, temp, 0, readBuffer.Length);Buffer.SetByte(temp, totalBytesRead, (byte)nextByte);readBuffer = temp;totalBytesRead++;}}}byte[] buffer = readBuffer;if (readBuffer.Length != totalBytesRead){buffer = new byte[totalBytesRead];Buffer.BlockCopy(readBuffer, 0, buffer, 0, totalBytesRead);}return buffer;}finally{if (stream.CanSeek){stream.Position = originalPosition;}}}public class JsonModel{public string type { get; set; }public string EmployeeID { get; set; }public string TaskID { get; set; }}
3:新建一个文本,然后修改其后缀名为.svc,作为我们发布服务(宿主为IIS)让Android手机调用, 然后把下面的代码写入
<%@ ServiceHost Language="C#" Debug="true" Service="Coreius.CEIMS.AndroidService.AndroidInfoService" %>
修改Web.config里面的内容:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <configuration><appSettings><add key="ConnectionString" value="server=127.0.0.1;database=Coreius;uid=sa;pwd=admin"/></appSettings><system.web><compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.0" /></system.web><system.serviceModel><behaviors><endpointBehaviors><behavior name="webHttp"><webHttp helpEnabled="true"/></behavior></endpointBehaviors><serviceBehaviors><behavior name="MapConfigBehavior"><!-- 为避免泄漏元数据信息,请在部署前将以下值设置为 false 并删除上面的元数据终结点 --><serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true"/><!-- 要接收故障异常详细信息以进行调试,请将以下值设置为 true。在部署前设置为 false 以避免泄漏异常信息 --><serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="true"/><dataContractSerializer maxItemsInObjectGraph="2147483647"/></behavior></serviceBehaviors></behaviors><bindings><webHttpBinding><binding name="webHttpBindConfig" receiveTimeout="00:30:00" sendTimeout="00:30:00" maxReceivedMessageSize="104857600" transferMode="Streamed"><readerQuotas maxStringContentLength="2147483647" maxArrayLength="2147483647"/><security mode="None"></security></binding></webHttpBinding></bindings><services><service name="Coreius.CEIMS.AndroidService.AndroidInfoService" behaviorConfiguration="MapConfigBehavior"><endpoint binding="webHttpBinding" contract="Coreius.CEIMS.AndroidInterface.IAndroidInfo" bindingConfiguration="webHttpBindConfig" behaviorConfiguration="webHttp"/> </service></services></system.serviceModel> </configuration>
此处有些要注意的地方:
(1):此处采用的是webHttpBinding 所以一定要设置behaviorConfiguration才会有效果,其中helpEnabled="true"则是为实现可以在发布可以查看帮助信息
<behavior name="webHttp"><webHttp helpEnabled="true"/></behavior>
(2):为了实现上传大文件所以我们要如下设置最大值,其中security是设置访问服务的认证,此处是把它设置成为不认证,transferMode就是设置运用流的模式
<webHttpBinding><binding name="webHttpBindConfig" receiveTimeout="00:30:00" sendTimeout="00:30:00" maxReceivedMessageSize="104857600" transferMode="Streamed"><readerQuotas maxStringContentLength="2147483647" maxArrayLength="2147483647"/><security mode="None"></security></binding></webHttpBinding>
4:编写完上面的代码后就可以服务器IIS上部署这个WCF服务:
四:Android编码
由于Android手机端的代码是另外一个朋友编写,所以就把大体的代码贴出来,大体的原理就是把参数跟图片写入流,然后调用部署好的WCF服务
代码一:因为服务器不是公用的,所以下面的IP我就随便修改的一个;
private void toUploadFile(File file) throws FileNotFoundException {String result = null;requestTime= 0;int res = 0;long requestTime = System.currentTimeMillis();long responseTime = 0;//封装参数信息JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();try {jsonObject.put("EmployeeID", MainActivity.guid);jsonObject.put("TaskID", "e52df9b4-ee3b-46c5-8387-329b76356641");String[] type = file.getName().split("\\.");jsonObject.put("type", type[type.length-1]);} catch (JSONException e) {// TODO Auto-generated catch blocke.printStackTrace();}/**上传文件*/HttpParams httpParameters = new BasicHttpParams();HttpConnectionParams.setConnectionTimeout(httpParameters, 1000*30);HttpConnectionParams.setSoTimeout(httpParameters, 1000*30);HttpConnectionParams.setTcpNoDelay(httpParameters, true);String path = PictureUtil.zipNewImage(file); //压缩文件后返回的文件路径byte[] bytes = null;InputStream is;File myfile = new File(path);try {is = new FileInputStream(path);bytes = new byte[(int) myfile.length()];int len = 0;int curLen = 0;while ((len = is.read(bytes)) != -1) {curLen += len;is.read(bytes);}is.close();} catch (FileNotFoundException e1) {// TODO Auto-generated catch blocke1.printStackTrace();} catch (IOException e) {// TODO Auto-generated catch blocke.printStackTrace();}byte[] updata = GpsImagePackage.getPacket(jsonObject.toString(), bytes); //参数与文件封装成单个数据包HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient(httpParameters);HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(MyUrl.upload_file);HttpResponse httpResponse;//单个文件流上传InputStream input = new ByteArrayInputStream( updata );InputStreamEntity reqEntity;reqEntity = new InputStreamEntity(input, -1);reqEntity.setContentType("binary/octet-stream");reqEntity.setChunked(true);httpPost.setEntity(reqEntity);try {httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpPost);responseTime = System.currentTimeMillis();this.requestTime = (int) ((responseTime-requestTime)/1000);res = httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();if (httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() ==200) {Log.e(TAG, "request success");Log.e(TAG, "result : " + result);return;} else {Log.e(TAG, "request error");sendMessage(UPLOAD_SERVER_ERROR_CODE,"上传失败:code=" + res);return;}} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {// TODO Auto-generated catch blocke.printStackTrace();} catch (IOException e) {// TODO Auto-generated catch blocke.printStackTrace();}}package com.anthony.util;
/*** 服务器端接口* @author YWJ**/
public class MyUrl {public static String upload_GPS = "http://122.199.19.23:8088/AndroidInfoService.svc/SetGpsInfo";
}
代码二:
package com.anthony.util;public class GpsImagePackage {public GpsImagePackage() {// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub}//封装字节数组与参数public static byte[] getPacket(String json,byte[] image){byte[] jsonb = json.getBytes();int length = image.length + jsonb.length;System.out.println(image.length +" "+ jsonb.length);byte[] bytes = new byte[length+1];byte[] lengthb = InttoByteArray(jsonb.length, 1);System.arraycopy(lengthb, 0, bytes, 0, 1);System.arraycopy(jsonb, 0, bytes, 1, jsonb.length);System.arraycopy(image, 0, bytes, 1+jsonb.length, image.length);return bytes;}//将int转换为字节数组public static byte[] InttoByteArray(int iSource, int iArrayLen) {byte[] bLocalArr = new byte[iArrayLen];for ( int i = 0; (i < 4) && (i < iArrayLen); i++) {bLocalArr[i] = (byte)( iSource>>8*i & 0xFF );}return bLocalArr;}// 将byte数组bRefArr转为一个整数,字节数组的低位是整型的低字节位public static int BytestoInt(byte[] bRefArr) {int iOutcome = 0;byte bLoop;for ( int i =0; i<bRefArr.length ; i++) {bLoop = bRefArr[i];iOutcome+= (bLoop & 0xFF) << (8 * i);}return iOutcome;}
}
五:运行效果:
如果,您认为阅读这篇博客让您有些收获,不妨点击一下右下角的【推荐】按钮。 因为,我的写作热情也离不开您的肯定支持。