我正在博客之星评选，欢迎投票给我会从投票人中抽奖机械键盘+书，中了会私聊地址

投票连接是：https://bbs.csdn.net/topics/603955346
投票连接是：https://bbs.csdn.net/topics/603955346
投票连接是：https://bbs.csdn.net/topics/603955346
非常感谢给个五星好评（拉到页面最下面就可以打分了）

底部有完整代码想试验的可以去看一下。
然后推一下我一篇文章《外国人最喜欢吃的中国美食是酱油？python数据分析》
想要素材看评论区

突然来的兴趣

这个坦克大战是基于 pygame 的，由于没有完整的学过 pygame，之前一直以为 pygame 对于长按键不支持监听，就在几天前我竟然发现了可以，然后就打开了我的世界大门。

由于这个辅助类我随便写了几个小时，还有很多问题，咱们先慢慢来，先做个坦克大战好了。

这是演示效果：

目前这辅助类的功能有

使用这个辅助类只需要配置信息，自己创建对应对象，主角只需要创建后就可以自动可以移动，敌人也可以自己随机“AI”进行移动，并且子弹自动触碰敌人和墙壁会互相“销毁”完成射击效果。
我们先来看如何使用这辅助类。

使用示例坦克大战

首先创建一个地图：

map_srpirte=[['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','w','w','w','w','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','w','w','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','w','w','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','w','w','w','w','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','w','w','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','w','w','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],]

用个list就是可以了，w就是障碍物，简单吧？
接下来设置地图配置：

mapConf={'space':'-','w':"./tank/scene/brick.png",'height':12,'weight':20
}

space表示空间，w表示障碍物的精灵图，宽高为精灵图大小。
接下来写下宽高内容：

screenW=mapConf['weight']*34
screenH=mapConf['height']*48

接下来创建组，设置屏幕：

pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((screenW,screenH))
group_wallt = pygame.sprite.Group()
pygame.key.set_repeat(10)
framerate = pygame.time.Clock()
group_hero = pygame.sprite.Group()
enemy_hero = pygame.sprite.Group()

接下来使用我们的自己写的辅助类 ESprite：

sprite_hero = ESprite(screen,group_hero)

接着设置图片与设置组：

sprite_hero.load("./tank/playerTank/tank_T1_2.png",48, 48, 4, 2)
up="./tank/bullet/bullet_up.png"
down="./tank/bullet/bullet_down.png"
left="./tank/bullet/bullet_left.png"
right="./tank/bullet/bullet_right.png"
group_hero.add(sprite_hero)

使用我们自己写的敌人类循环创建敌人：

enemy_list=[]
for v in range(0,20):enemy = Enemy(screen,enemy_hero)enemy.load("./tank/enemyTank/enemy_1_0.png",48, 48, 4, 2)enemy_hero.add(enemy)enemy_list.append(enemy)

接下来使用自己写的精灵类创建不可触碰体，并且把这个对象添加到主角、敌人不可触碰体设置之中：

posx,posy=0,0
wallet=[]
for rows in map_srpirte:for v in rows:posx+=24if v!=mapConf['space']:sprite_wallt = ESprite(screen,group_wallt)sprite_wallt.load(mapConf['w'],24, 24, 1, 1,posx,posy)group_wallt.add(sprite_wallt)sprite_hero.setCollision(sprite_wallt)#添加不可触碰enemy.setCollision(sprite_wallt)#添加不可触碰print(str(posx)+','+str(posy))posy+=24posx=0

最后开启主循环进行监听、刷新即可：

#主循环
while True:print((screenW,screenH))framerate.tick(30)ticks = pygame.time.get_ticks()for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:pygame.quit()exit()elif event.type==pygame.KEYDOWN:print('key down ......')sprite_hero.control.moveControl(event)pos={'up_x':18,'up_y':-10,'down_x':18,'down_y':50,'left_x':-6,'left_y':16,'right_x':50,'right_y':18,}sprite_hero.shoot(up,down,left,right,12,12,1,1,pos,ticks,enemy_list)screen.fill((0,0,100))group_hero.update(ticks)group_hero.draw(screen)enemy_hero.update(ticks)enemy_hero.draw(screen)group_wallt.update(ticks)group_wallt.draw(screen)for v in enemy_list:v.autoMove((screenW,screenH))pygame.display.update()

一、写个精灵类

1.1 初始化

首先创建一个python 文件名为 Etank.py，并在如下引入依赖：

import pygame,random
from pygame.locals import *

pygame 、 random 是所需库，pygame.locals import * 主要是用来找到KEY。

接下来创建一个类名为 ESprite 继承于pygame 的Sprite 基类：

class ESprite(pygame.sprite.Sprite):

在 ESprite 中给到一个 init 方法：

def __init__(self,screen,group=None):

其中 screen 是需要进行屏幕刷新的屏幕对象，group 是当前类实例化后所对应的组。

接下来在 init 中调用父类初始化：

pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)

接下来在 init 方法中初始化一些内容：

def __init__(self,screen,group=None):#target是屏幕pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)#self.target_surface = target#精灵渲染目标为屏幕self.screen=screenself.image = None#初始化图片Noneself.main_image = None#主图片self.rect = None#需要画图的区域self.rframe = 0 #图片序列号 行self.cframe = 0 #图片序列号 列self.old_frame = -1#老图片序列号self.frame_width = 1#图片宽self.frame_height = 1#图片高self.cols = 1 #列self.rows = 1 #行self.last_time = 0 #上次更换时的总帧数，用于判断更换帧self.X=0self.Y=0self.speedX=1self.speedY=1self.control=SpriteController(self)#控制初始化self.group=groupself.shootobj=[]self.upImg,self.downImg,self.leftImg,self.rightImg=None,None,None,Noneself.collisions=[]self.enemy_list=[]

这些初始化后的该类属性之后将会在方法中用到，咱们用到时再做说明。

1.2 添加不可碰撞体

在游戏中有很多的不可碰撞体，例如墙壁、障碍物、这些内容对于可活动的游戏觉得是有障碍的，在这里设置一个方法为当前的精灵设置一个不可碰撞体：

#添加不可触碰体
def setCollision(self,collision):self.collisions.append(collision)

1.3加载主图方法

在2d游戏中，每一个98%的角色都是需要图片给予对象视觉呈现，此时写一个方法 load 用于加载当前主图内容：

#加载用
def load(self, filename, width, height,rows,cols,posx=100,posy=100):self.main_image = pygame.image.load(filename).convert_alpha()#加载主图self.frame_width = width#宽高记录self.frame_height = heightself.rect = [posx,posy,width,height]#绘制self.cols = colsself.rows = rows

该方法的参数说明如下：

filename 图片路径
width 每个图片宽
height 每个图片高
rows 行
cols 列
posx 主图起始绘制位置x
posy 主图起始绘制位置y

在以上方法中，通过 filename 加载主图，通过宽高选择主图所绘制的区域，图片示例如下：
在这里插入图片描述
宽高指的是图片大小的宽高，posx 和 posy 指图片左上角形成的坐标轴的位置，例如图片大小是4848，总长度是宽 482 长是 48*8，那就是8行2列内容，那么 8 就是 rows 2就是参数 cols，posx 和 posy 就是左上角0和0。

1.5刷新方法

加载图片后还需要刷新内容，创建一个方法 update，接收两个参数，一个是 current_time 是当前帧数，rate 为刷新时的帧值。

#每次图片动态更新绘制区域 动画播放
def update(self, current_time, rate=60):#当前帧总数如果已经超过了最初的 last_time + 60，那么表示#已经超过了60帧，那么 frame 图片序列号+1，开始下一张图片if current_time > self.last_time + rate:self.rframe += 1 #图片序列号+1  if self.rframe>self.cols-1:#大于图片最大列就说明进行了一个循环，因为 self.frame 初始值是 0self.rframe=0self.last_time = current_time#每次更改图片时就记录更换后的帧if self.rframe != self.old_frame:#新老次序不一 表示更换frame#frame_x绘制矩形的位置x就等于图片数*每个宽度得到x坐标值frame_x=self.rframe * self.frame_widthframe_y=self.cframe * self.frame_height#y值跟随上下左右按键切换图，图片规定同一行一个动作# 不同按键对应上下左右# 绘制的区域使用 frame_width frame_height 代替rect = ( frame_x, frame_y, self.frame_width, self.frame_height )self.image = self.main_image.subsurface(rect)#选择区域进行图片提取self.old_frame = self.rframe

以上代码中 if current_time > self.last_time + rate: 表示当前帧是否大于最后一次更换帧数+60，大于则需要刷新，那么则 self.rframe += 1 图片序列号+1 ，表示更换图片，但是不能大于本身图片序列的行和列 if self.rframe>self.cols-1，大于则将 self.rframe=0 。

接着就替换一下 self.last_time = current_time 为最后一次的更换帧数，接下来则替换显示图片的坐标值，也就是 rect 值：

if self.rframe != self.old_frame:#新老次序不一 表示更换frame#frame_x绘制矩形的位置x就等于图片数*每个宽度得到x坐标值frame_x=self.rframe * self.frame_widthframe_y=self.cframe * self.frame_height#y值跟随上下左右按键切换图，图片规定同一行一个动作# 不同按键对应上下左右# 绘制的区域使用 frame_width frame_height 代替rect = ( frame_x, frame_y, self.frame_width, self.frame_height )self.image = self.main_image.subsurface(rect)#选择区域进行图片提取self.old_frame = self.rframe

1.6 #创建发射对象

子弹上下左右的主图不一样，朝向不一，如图所示：

此时编写一个方法 shoot：

def shoot(self,upImg,downImg,leftImg,rightImg,width,height,rows,cols,pos,ticks=None,enemy_list=[]):self.enemy_list=enemy_listif self.control.isShoot==True:#创建发射物shootobj=ESprite(self.screen)self.group.add(shootobj)posx,posy=0,0sprite_img=''if self.control.shoot_direction==self.control.direction_UP:posx=self.rect[0]+pos['up_x']posy=self.rect[1]+pos['up_y']sprite_img=upImgelif self.control.shoot_direction==self.control.direction_DOWN:posx=self.rect[0]+pos['down_x']posy=self.rect[1]+pos['down_y']sprite_img=downImgelif self.control.shoot_direction==self.control.direction_LEFT:posx=self.rect[0]+pos['left_x']posy=self.rect[1]+pos['left_y']sprite_img=leftImgelif self.control.shoot_direction==self.control.direction_RIGHT:posx=self.rect[0]+pos['right_x']posy=self.rect[1]+pos['right_y']sprite_img=rightImgshootobj.load(sprite_img, width, height, rows, cols,posx=posx,posy=posy)self.shootobj.append({'obj':shootobj,'shoot_direction':self.control.shoot_direction})          print('SHOOT!!!!!!!!!!...')#print(self.shootobj.rect)print(len(self.shootobj))#加组后一定要刷新，不然会读不到 surface.image 也就是没有在页面之上self.group.update(ticks)self.group.draw(self.screen)#数组中已经创建的继续移动for s in self.shootobj:if s['obj']!=None:SPEEDX=self.control.shoot_SPEEDXSPEEDY=self.control.shoot_SPEEDYif s['shoot_direction']==self.control.direction_UP:print('direction_UP...')SPEEDX=0SPEEDY=-SPEEDYelif s['shoot_direction']==self.control.direction_DOWN:print('direction_DOWN...')SPEEDX=0SPEEDY=+SPEEDYelif s['shoot_direction']==self.control.direction_LEFT:print('direction_LEFT...')SPEEDX=-SPEEDXSPEEDY=0elif s['shoot_direction']==self.control.direction_RIGHT:print('direction_RIGHT...')SPEEDX=SPEEDXSPEEDY=0s['obj'].rect=s['obj'].rect[0]+SPEEDX,s['obj'].rect[1]+SPEEDY,s['obj'].frame_width,s['obj'].frame_heightif self.collisions!=[]:for index, v in enumerate(self.collisions):if s['obj']!=None:if pygame.sprite.collide_mask(s['obj'],v):s['obj'].rect=-1000,-1000,s['obj'].frame_width,s['obj'].frame_heights['obj'].kill()self.collisions[index].rect=-1000,-1000,self.collisions[index].rect[2],self.collisions[index].rect[3]self.collisions[index].kill()#s['obj']=False#s['obj']=Noneif self.enemy_list!=[]:for index, v in enumerate(self.enemy_list):if s['obj']!=None:if pygame.sprite.collide_mask(s['obj'],v):s['obj'].rect=-1000,-1000,s['obj'].frame_width,s['obj'].frame_heights['obj'].kill()self.enemy_list[index].rect=-1000,-1000,self.enemy_list[index].rect[2],self.enemy_list[index].rect[3]self.enemy_list[index].kill()

以上方法中参数 upImg,downImg,leftImg,rightImg 为上下左右子弹的图片，width,height,rows,cols,pos,ticks=None,enemy_list=[] 一次是宽高，行列和ticks 刷新帧，enemy_list 敌人。

因为之后还需要检测敌人碰撞后销毁。

在该函数中第一行打码是 self.enemy_list=enemy_list 表示设置当前的敌人列表。
接着 if self.control.isShoot==True: 这个判断表示是否按发射键（之后会在控制中进行讲解）；
按下发射键后就开始创建发射对象，同样这个对象是ESprite 对象：

#创建发射物
shootobj=ESprite(self.screen)
self.group.add(shootobj)
posx,posy=0,0
sprite_img=''

接下来判断此时朝向，（根据之后会有一个控制方法，检测朝向）不同朝向的方位创建不同朝向的子弹：

if self.control.shoot_direction==self.control.direction_UP:posx=self.rect[0]+pos['up_x']posy=self.rect[1]+pos['up_y']sprite_img=upImg
elif self.control.shoot_direction==self.control.direction_DOWN:posx=self.rect[0]+pos['down_x']posy=self.rect[1]+pos['down_y']sprite_img=downImg
elif self.control.shoot_direction==self.control.direction_LEFT:posx=self.rect[0]+pos['left_x']posy=self.rect[1]+pos['left_y']sprite_img=leftImg
elif self.control.shoot_direction==self.control.direction_RIGHT:posx=self.rect[0]+pos['right_x']posy=self.rect[1]+pos['right_y']sprite_img=rightImg

接着加载图片，并且记录方向，如果不记录方向，之后使用同一个方法时将会与自身按键操作重合，会意外的控制子弹前进路线：

shootobj.load(sprite_img, width, height, rows, cols,posx=posx,posy=posy)
self.shootobj.append({'obj':shootobj,'shoot_direction':self.control.shoot_direction})

接下来开始检测碰撞，检测碰撞前需要在屏幕刷新当前的sprite，因为检测膨胀是需要判断该精灵是否在屏幕之上：

self.group.update(ticks)
self.group.draw(self.screen)

加下来创建一个循环：

#数组中已经创建的继续移动
for s in self.shootobj:if s['obj']!=None:

这个循环遍历子弹是否与某些物体发生碰撞，并且进行位置移动。首先编写位置移动的内容：

SPEEDX=self.control.shoot_SPEEDX
SPEEDY=self.control.shoot_SPEEDY
if s['shoot_direction']==self.control.direction_UP:print('direction_UP...')SPEEDX=0SPEEDY=-SPEEDY
elif s['shoot_direction']==self.control.direction_DOWN:print('direction_DOWN...')SPEEDX=0SPEEDY=+SPEEDY
elif s['shoot_direction']==self.control.direction_LEFT:print('direction_LEFT...')SPEEDX=-SPEEDXSPEEDY=0
elif s['shoot_direction']==self.control.direction_RIGHT:print('direction_RIGHT...')SPEEDX=SPEEDXSPEEDY=0
s['obj'].rect=s['obj'].rect[0]+SPEEDX,s['obj'].rect[1]+SPEEDY,s['obj'].frame_width,s['obj'].frame_height

判断刚刚所记录的方向，给予不同位置移动的坐标。
接着判断是否发生碰撞：

if self.collisions!=[]:for index, v in enumerate(self.collisions):if s['obj']!=None:if pygame.sprite.collide_mask(s['obj'],v):s['obj'].rect=-1000,-1000,s['obj'].frame_width,s['obj'].frame_heights['obj'].kill()self.collisions[index].rect=-1000,-1000,self.collisions[index].rect[2],self.collisions[index].rect[3]self.collisions[index].kill()

只要设置了 collisions 阻碍物，那么就遍历阻碍物是否与子弹发生碰撞，如果发生膨胀首先将该物体移动到屏幕之外调用 kill() 方法对其进行销毁。这样就实现了子弹设计到物体，物体和子弹都同时消失。

最后判断子弹和敌人是否发生碰撞，遍历敌人：

if self.enemy_list!=[]:
for index, v in enumerate(self.enemy_list):if s['obj']!=None:if pygame.sprite.collide_mask(s['obj'],v):s['obj'].rect=-1000,-1000,s['obj'].frame_width,s['obj'].frame_heights['obj'].kill()self.enemy_list[index].rect=-1000,-1000,self.enemy_list[index].rect[2],self.enemy_list[index].rect[3]self.enemy_list[index].kill()

实现方法与墙体类似。
最后在遍历之外加一个设计关闭即可，因为按一次就发射一个子弹：

self.control.isShoot=False#创建完一个后又关闭

二、写个精灵控制类

首先创建一个精灵控制类和初始化方法：

#精灵控制类            
class SpriteController():def __init__(self,sprite): self.sprite=spriteself.direction=Noneself.shoot_direction=1self.direction_UP=1self.direction_DOWN=2self.direction_LEFT=3self.direction_RIGHT=4self.shoot_SPEEDX=10self.shoot_SPEEDY=10self.isShoot=False

接着编写精灵控制响应的方法：

#移动控制
def moveControl(self,event):stepX=self.sprite.speedXstepY=self.sprite.speedY#if self.isShoot!=True:if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:stepY=0stepX=stepXself.sprite.cframe=3self.shoot_direction=4elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:stepX=-stepXstepY=0self.sprite.cframe=2self.shoot_direction=3elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:stepY=-stepYstepX=0self.sprite.cframe=0self.shoot_direction=1elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:stepY=stepYstepX=0self.sprite.cframe=1self.shoot_direction=2elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:self.isShoot=True stepX,stepY=0,0 self.sprite.rect=self.sprite.rect[0]+stepX,self.sprite.rect[1]+stepY,self.sprite.frame_width,self.sprite.frame_heightif self.sprite.collisions!=[]:for v in self.sprite.collisions:result = pygame.sprite.collide_mask(self.sprite,v)while result:#bug 墙壁反弹错位unstepX,unstepY=stepX,stepYif unstepX!=0:if unstepX>0:unstepX=+10else:unstepX=-10if unstepY!=0:if unstepY>0:unstepY=+10else:unstepY=-10result = pygame.sprite.collide_mask(self.sprite,v)#for vi in range(0,20):self.sprite.rect=self.sprite.rect[0]-stepX,self.sprite.rect[1]-stepY,self.sprite.frame_width,self.sprite.frame_heightprint ("Collision occurred")

moveControl 方法接收1个参数event，判断按下键的内容，根据不同按键响应不同的移动参数，其他内容都是基础内容，主要是对于阻碍物的阻碍效果：

if self.sprite.collisions!=[]:for v in self.sprite.collisions:result = pygame.sprite.collide_mask(self.sprite,v)while result:#bug 墙壁反弹错位unstepX,unstepY=stepX,stepYif unstepX!=0:if unstepX>0:unstepX=+10else:unstepX=-10if unstepY!=0:if unstepY>0:unstepY=+10else:unstepY=-10result = pygame.sprite.collide_mask(self.sprite,v)#for vi in range(0,20):self.sprite.rect=self.sprite.rect[0]-stepX,self.sprite.rect[1]-stepY,self.sprite.frame_width,self.sprite.frame_heightprint ("Collision occurred")

遍历后如果发生碰撞直接给予回退：

self.sprite.rect=self.sprite.rect[0]-stepX,self.sprite.rect[1]-stepY,self.sprite.frame_width,self.sprite.frame_height

三、敌人AI类

敌人类属于 ESprite 类，首先创建一个类及初始化方法：

#敌人
class Enemy(ESprite):def __init__(self, screen, group=None):super().__init__(screen, group=group)self.screen=screenself.group=group#self.AIControl=SpriteController()self.movieStep=0self.stepY,self.stepX=0,10

movieStep 为默认自动运行次数，self.stepY,self.stepX=0,10 为默认行走值。

接下来编写自动运行方法：

def autoMove(self,Size):self.group.update(ticks)self.group.draw(self.screen)if self.movieStep==0:random.seed(random.randint(0,100))d=random.randint(1,16)if d>0 and d<5:#上self.stepY=-10self.stepX=0elif d>4 and d<9:#下self.stepY=10self.stepX=0elif d>8 and d<13:#左self.stepX=-10self.stepY=0elif d>12 and d<17:#右self.stepX=10self.stepY=0self.movieStep=20if self.movieStep!=0:if (self.rect[0],self.rect[1])>(60,60) and (self.rect[0],self.rect[1]) < (Size[0]-60,Size[1]-60):self.rect=self.rect[0]+self.stepX,self.rect[1]+self.stepY,self.frame_width,self.frame_heightself.movieStep-=1if self.collisions!=[]:for v in self.collisions:#self.group.update(ticks)#self.group.draw(self.screen)result = pygame.sprite.collide_mask(self,v)while result:#bug 墙壁反弹错位unstepX,unstepY=self.stepX,self.stepYif unstepX!=0:if unstepX>0:unstepX=+10else:unstepX=-10if unstepY!=0:if unstepY>0:unstepY=+10else:unstepY=-10result = pygame.sprite.collide_mask(self,v)#for vi in range(0,20):self.rect=self.rect[0]-self.stepX,self.rect[1]-self.stepY,self.frame_width,self.frame_heightprint ("Collision occurred")

以上代码中以下代码表示该AI随机上下左右：

if self.movieStep==0:random.seed(random.randint(0,100))d=random.randint(1,16)if d>0 and d<5:#上self.stepY=-10self.stepX=0elif d>4 and d<9:#下self.stepY=10self.stepX=0elif d>8 and d<13:#左self.stepX=-10self.stepY=0elif d>12 and d<17:#右self.stepX=10self.stepY=0self.movieStep=20
if self.movieStep!=0:if (self.rect[0],self.rect[1])>(60,60) and (self.rect[0],self.rect[1]) < (Size[0]-60,Size[1]-60):self.rect=self.rect[0]+self.stepX,self.rect[1]+self.stepY,self.frame_width,self.frame_heightself.movieStep-=1

不同方向他有不同值对应，self.movieStep运行次数为0则重新置于20，若不等于0则自动运行，只需要设置对应的 rect 即可。

接着就是判断是否碰到障碍物，实现与控制方法一致：

if self.collisions!=[]:for v in self.collisions:#self.group.update(ticks)#self.group.draw(self.screen)result = pygame.sprite.collide_mask(self,v)while result:#bug 墙壁反弹错位unstepX,unstepY=self.stepX,self.stepYif unstepX!=0:if unstepX>0:unstepX=+10else:unstepX=-10if unstepY!=0:if unstepY>0:unstepY=+10else:unstepY=-10result = pygame.sprite.collide_mask(self,v)#for vi in range(0,20):self.rect=self.rect[0]-self.stepX,self.rect[1]-self.stepY,self.frame_width,self.frame_heightprint ("Collision occurred")

完整代码

import pygame,random
from pygame.locals import *class MySprite(pygame.sprite.Sprite):def __init__(self,screen,group=None):#target是屏幕pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)#self.target_surface = target#精灵渲染目标为屏幕self.screen=screenself.image = None#初始化图片Noneself.main_image = None#主图片self.rect = None#需要画图的区域self.rframe = 0 #图片序列号 行self.cframe = 0 #图片序列号 列self.old_frame = -1#老图片序列号self.frame_width = 1#图片宽self.frame_height = 1#图片高self.cols = 1 #列self.rows = 1 #行self.last_time = 0 #上次更换时的总帧数，用于判断更换帧self.X=0self.Y=0self.speedX=1self.speedY=1self.control=SpriteController(self)#控制初始化self.group=groupself.shootobj=[]self.upImg,self.downImg,self.leftImg,self.rightImg=None,None,None,Noneself.collisions=[]self.enemy_list=[]#添加不可触碰体def setCollision(self,collision):self.collisions.append(collision)#加载用def load(self, filename, width, height,rows,cols,posx=100,posy=100):self.main_image = pygame.image.load(filename).convert_alpha()#加载主图self.frame_width = width#宽高记录self.frame_height = heightself.rect = [posx,posy,width,height]#绘制self.cols = colsself.rows = rows#每次图片动态更新绘制区域 动画播放def update(self, current_time, rate=60):#当前帧总数如果已经超过了最初的 last_time + 60，那么表示#已经超过了60帧，那么 frame 图片序列号+1，开始下一张图片if current_time > self.last_time + rate:self.rframe += 1 #图片序列号+1  if self.rframe>self.cols-1:#大于图片最大列就说明进行了一个循环，因为 self.frame 初始值是 0self.rframe=0self.last_time = current_time#每次更改图片时就记录更换后的帧if self.rframe != self.old_frame:#新老次序不一 表示更换frame#frame_x绘制矩形的位置x就等于图片数*每个宽度得到x坐标值frame_x=self.rframe * self.frame_widthframe_y=self.cframe * self.frame_height#y值跟随上下左右按键切换图，图片规定同一行一个动作# 不同按键对应上下左右# 绘制的区域使用 frame_width frame_height 代替rect = ( frame_x, frame_y, self.frame_width, self.frame_height )self.image = self.main_image.subsurface(rect)#选择区域进行图片提取self.old_frame = self.rframe#设置上下左右发射对象def setShootSprite(self,up,down,left,right,width,height,rows,cols):self.upImg=upself.downImg=downself.leftImg=leftself.rightImg=rightself.swidth=widthself.sheight=heightself.srows=rowsself.scols=cols#创建发射对象def shoot(self,upImg,downImg,leftImg,rightImg,width,height,rows,cols,pos,ticks=None,enemy_list=[]):self.enemy_list=enemy_listif self.control.isShoot==True:#创建发射物shootobj=MySprite(self.screen)self.group.add(shootobj)posx,posy=0,0sprite_img=''if self.control.shoot_direction==self.control.direction_UP:posx=self.rect[0]+pos['up_x']posy=self.rect[1]+pos['up_y']sprite_img=upImgelif self.control.shoot_direction==self.control.direction_DOWN:posx=self.rect[0]+pos['down_x']posy=self.rect[1]+pos['down_y']sprite_img=downImgelif self.control.shoot_direction==self.control.direction_LEFT:posx=self.rect[0]+pos['left_x']posy=self.rect[1]+pos['left_y']sprite_img=leftImgelif self.control.shoot_direction==self.control.direction_RIGHT:posx=self.rect[0]+pos['right_x']posy=self.rect[1]+pos['right_y']sprite_img=rightImgshootobj.load(sprite_img, width, height, rows, cols,posx=posx,posy=posy)self.shootobj.append({'obj':shootobj,'shoot_direction':self.control.shoot_direction})          print('SHOOT!!!!!!!!!!...')#print(self.shootobj.rect)print(len(self.shootobj))#加组后一定要刷新，不然会读不到 surface.image 也就是没有在页面之上self.group.update(ticks)self.group.draw(self.screen)#数组中已经创建的继续移动for s in self.shootobj:if s['obj']!=None:SPEEDX=self.control.shoot_SPEEDXSPEEDY=self.control.shoot_SPEEDYif s['shoot_direction']==self.control.direction_UP:print('direction_UP...')SPEEDX=0SPEEDY=-SPEEDYelif s['shoot_direction']==self.control.direction_DOWN:print('direction_DOWN...')SPEEDX=0SPEEDY=+SPEEDYelif s['shoot_direction']==self.control.direction_LEFT:print('direction_LEFT...')SPEEDX=-SPEEDXSPEEDY=0elif s['shoot_direction']==self.control.direction_RIGHT:print('direction_RIGHT...')SPEEDX=SPEEDXSPEEDY=0s['obj'].rect=s['obj'].rect[0]+SPEEDX,s['obj'].rect[1]+SPEEDY,s['obj'].frame_width,s['obj'].frame_heightif self.collisions!=[]:for index, v in enumerate(self.collisions):if s['obj']!=None:if pygame.sprite.collide_mask(s['obj'],v):s['obj'].rect=-1000,-1000,s['obj'].frame_width,s['obj'].frame_heights['obj'].kill()self.collisions[index].rect=-1000,-1000,self.collisions[index].rect[2],self.collisions[index].rect[3]self.collisions[index].kill()#s['obj']=False#s['obj']=Noneif self.enemy_list!=[]:for index, v in enumerate(self.enemy_list):if s['obj']!=None:if pygame.sprite.collide_mask(s['obj'],v):s['obj'].rect=-1000,-1000,s['obj'].frame_width,s['obj'].frame_heights['obj'].kill()self.enemy_list[index].rect=-1000,-1000,self.enemy_list[index].rect[2],self.enemy_list[index].rect[3]self.enemy_list[index].kill()self.control.isShoot=False#创建完一个后又关闭#精灵控制类            
class SpriteController():def __init__(self,sprite): self.sprite=spriteself.direction=Noneself.shoot_direction=1self.direction_UP=1self.direction_DOWN=2self.direction_LEFT=3self.direction_RIGHT=4self.shoot_SPEEDX=10self.shoot_SPEEDY=10self.isShoot=False#移动控制def moveControl(self,event):stepX=self.sprite.speedXstepY=self.sprite.speedY#if self.isShoot!=True:if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:stepY=0stepX=stepXself.sprite.cframe=3self.shoot_direction=4elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:stepX=-stepXstepY=0self.sprite.cframe=2self.shoot_direction=3elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:stepY=-stepYstepX=0self.sprite.cframe=0self.shoot_direction=1elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:stepY=stepYstepX=0self.sprite.cframe=1self.shoot_direction=2elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:self.isShoot=True stepX,stepY=0,0 self.sprite.rect=self.sprite.rect[0]+stepX,self.sprite.rect[1]+stepY,self.sprite.frame_width,self.sprite.frame_heightif self.sprite.collisions!=[]:for v in self.sprite.collisions:result = pygame.sprite.collide_mask(self.sprite,v)while result:#bug 墙壁反弹错位unstepX,unstepY=stepX,stepYif unstepX!=0:if unstepX>0:unstepX=+10else:unstepX=-10if unstepY!=0:if unstepY>0:unstepY=+10else:unstepY=-10result = pygame.sprite.collide_mask(self.sprite,v)#for vi in range(0,20):self.sprite.rect=self.sprite.rect[0]-stepX,self.sprite.rect[1]-stepY,self.sprite.frame_width,self.sprite.frame_heightprint ("Collision occurred")#敌人
class Enemy(MySprite):def __init__(self, screen, group=None):super().__init__(screen, group=group)self.screen=screenself.group=group#self.AIControl=SpriteController()self.movieStep=0self.stepY,self.stepX=0,10def autoMove(self,Size):self.group.update(ticks)self.group.draw(self.screen)if self.movieStep==0:random.seed(random.randint(0,100))d=random.randint(1,16)if d>0 and d<5:#上self.stepY=-10self.stepX=0elif d>4 and d<9:#下self.stepY=10self.stepX=0elif d>8 and d<13:#左self.stepX=-10self.stepY=0elif d>12 and d<17:#右self.stepX=10self.stepY=0self.movieStep=20if self.movieStep!=0:if (self.rect[0],self.rect[1])>(60,60) and (self.rect[0],self.rect[1]) < (Size[0]-60,Size[1]-60):self.rect=self.rect[0]+self.stepX,self.rect[1]+self.stepY,self.frame_width,self.frame_heightself.movieStep-=1if self.collisions!=[]:for v in self.collisions:#self.group.update(ticks)#self.group.draw(self.screen)result = pygame.sprite.collide_mask(self,v)while result:#bug 墙壁反弹错位unstepX,unstepY=self.stepX,self.stepYif unstepX!=0:if unstepX>0:unstepX=+10else:unstepX=-10if unstepY!=0:if unstepY>0:unstepY=+10else:unstepY=-10result = pygame.sprite.collide_mask(self,v)#for vi in range(0,20):self.rect=self.rect[0]-self.stepX,self.rect[1]-self.stepY,self.frame_width,self.frame_heightprint ("Collision occurred")map_srpirte=[['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','w','w','w','w','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','w','w','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','w','w','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','w','w','w','w','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','w','w','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','w','w','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],['-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-','-'],]
mapConf={'space':'-','w':"./tank/scene/brick.png",'height':12,'weight':20
}
#map_srpirteConf={['w',24,24,1,1]}
screenW=mapConf['weight']*34
screenH=mapConf['height']*48pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((screenW,screenH))
group_wallt = pygame.sprite.Group()
pygame.key.set_repeat(10)
framerate = pygame.time.Clock()group_hero = pygame.sprite.Group()
enemy_hero = pygame.sprite.Group()
sprite_hero = MySprite(screen,group_hero)sprite_hero.load("./tank/playerTank/tank_T1_2.png",48, 48, 4, 2)
up="./tank/bullet/bullet_up.png"
down="./tank/bullet/bullet_down.png"
left="./tank/bullet/bullet_left.png"
right="./tank/bullet/bullet_right.png"
#sprite_hero.setShootSprite()
group_hero.add(sprite_hero)enemy_list=[]
for v in range(0,20):enemy = Enemy(screen,enemy_hero)enemy.load("./tank/enemyTank/enemy_1_0.png",48, 48, 4, 2)enemy_hero.add(enemy)enemy_list.append(enemy)posx,posy=0,0
wallet=[]
for rows in map_srpirte:for v in rows:posx+=24if v!=mapConf['space']:sprite_wallt = MySprite(screen,group_wallt)sprite_wallt.load(mapConf['w'],24, 24, 1, 1,posx,posy)group_wallt.add(sprite_wallt)sprite_hero.setCollision(sprite_wallt)enemy.setCollision(sprite_wallt)print(str(posx)+','+str(posy))posy+=24posx=0#sprite_wallt = MySprite(screen,group_wallt)
#sprite_wallt.load(mapConf['w'],24, 24, 1, 1,posx,posy)
#group_wallt.add(sprite_wallt)
#主循环
while True:print((screenW,screenH))framerate.tick(30)ticks = pygame.time.get_ticks()for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:pygame.quit()exit()elif event.type==pygame.KEYDOWN:print('key down ......')sprite_hero.control.moveControl(event)pos={'up_x':18,'up_y':-10,'down_x':18,'down_y':50,'left_x':-6,'left_y':16,'right_x':50,'right_y':18,}sprite_hero.shoot(up,down,left,right,12,12,1,1,pos,ticks,enemy_list)screen.fill((0,0,100))group_hero.update(ticks)group_hero.draw(screen)enemy_hero.update(ticks)enemy_hero.draw(screen)group_wallt.update(ticks)group_wallt.draw(screen)for v in enemy_list:v.autoMove((screenW,screenH))pygame.display.update()