自动更新主要下面4个步骤
获取最新版本号
提示用户发现更新,等待用户确认更新
下载最新的apk包
安装apk包
下面从创建MAUI项目开始
1、创建Maui Blazor Server应用
2、安装Masa.Blazor,并添加引用
dotnet add package Masa.Blazor
在 wwwroot/index.html 中引入资源文件
<!-- masa blazor css style --><link href="https://masa-blazor-docs-dev.lonsid.cn/_content/Masa.Blazor/css/masa-blazor.min.css" rel="stylesheet"><link href="https://cdn.masastack.com/
npm/@mdi/font@5.x/css/materialdesignicons.min.css" rel="stylesheet"><link href="https://cdn.masastack.com/
npm/materialicons/materialicons.css" rel="stylesheet"><link href="https://cdn.masastack.com/
npm/fontawesome/v5.0.13/css/all.css" rel="stylesheet"><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.masastack.com/
stack/fonts/roboto/font-roboto.css">
<!--js(should lay the end of file)--><script src="_content/BlazorComponent/js/blazor-component.js"></script>
在 _Imports.razor 添加,对Masa Blazor 的全局引用
@using Masa.Blazor
@using BlazorComponent
在MauiProgram.cs中注入服务
builder.Services.AddMasaBlazor();
修改Shared / MainLayout.razor文件,设置MApp为根元素
@inherits LayoutComponentBase
<div class="page"><div class="sidebar"><NavMenu /></div><main><div class="top-row px-4"><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/aspnet/" target="_blank">About</a></div><article class="content px-4"><MApp>@Body</MApp></article></main>
</div>
项目属性中修改-已共享MAUI-中的应用程序ID及版本
3、开始编写代码
创建Service目录,添加IUpgradeService.cs接口
namespace MauiMasaBlazorDemo.Service{public interface IUpgradeService{/// <summary>/// 检查更新/// </summary>/// <param name="url">/// 检查URL/// </param>/// <returns></returns>Task<Dictionary<string, string>> CheckUpdatesAsync(string url);/// <summary>/// 下载安装文件/// </summary>/// <param name="url">/// 下载URL/// </param>/// <param name="action">/// 进度条处理方法/// </param>/// <returns></returns>Task DownloadFileAsync(string url, Action<long, long> action);/// <summary>/// 安装APK的方法/// </summary>void InstallNewVersion();}}
这里需要使用到 FileProvider,在Android 7之后出于安全考虑不再支持content://URL 或file:///URL这种文件访问方式,可参考FileProvider | Android Developers ,我们先添加一下对应配置
在Platforms/Android/Resources下面新建xml文件夹,并添加provider_paths.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources><paths><root-path name="root" path="" /><files-path name="files" path="" /><cache-path name="cache" path="" /><external-path name="camera_photos" path="" /><external-files-path name="external_file_path" path="" /><external-cache-path name="external_cache_path" path="" /></paths>
</resources>
修改Platforms / Android下面的AndroidManifest.xml文件,在application下添加provider,再添加一个安卓安装的权限REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"><application android:allowBackup="true" android:icon="@mipmap/appicon" android:roundIcon="@mipmap/appicon_round" android:supportsRtl="true"><providerandroid:name="androidx.core.content.FileProvider"android:authorities="com.masa.mauidemo.fileprovider"android:exported="false"android:grantUriPermissions="true"><meta-dataandroid:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"android:resource="@xml/provider_paths" /></provider></application><uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" /><uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" /><uses-permission android:name="android.permission.REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES" />
</manifest>
在Platforms / Android下添加UpgradeService.cs
获取版本号可以通过MAUI提供的 VersionTracking,该类还有很多版本相关的功能,可参考
Version tracking - .NET MAUI | Microsoft Docs
Intent 是一种运行时绑定(run-time binding)机制,Android的三个基本组件 Activity,Service和Broadcast Receiver 都是通过Intent机制激活的,有兴趣可参考
Intent | Android Developers
using Android.Content;
using Android.OS;
using MauiMasaBlazorDemo.Service;
namespace MauiMasaBlazorDemo
{public class UpgradeService : IUpgradeService{readonly HttpClient _client;public UpgradeService(){_client = new HttpClient();}public async Task<Dictionary<string, string>> CheckUpdatesAsync(string url){var result = new Dictionary<string, string>();// 获取当前版本号var currentVersion = VersionTracking.CurrentVersion;var latestVersion = await _client.GetStringAsync(url);result.Add("CurrentVersion", currentVersion);result.Add("LatestVersion", latestVersion);return result;}public void InstallNewVersion(){var file = $"{FileSystem.AppDataDirectory}/{"com.masa.mauidemo.apk"}";var apkFile = new Java.IO.File(file);var intent = new Intent(Intent.ActionView);// 判断Android版本if (Build.VERSION.SdkInt >= BuildVersionCodes.N){//给临时读取权限intent.SetFlags(ActivityFlags.GrantReadUriPermission);var uri = FileProvider.GetUriForFile
(Android.App.Application.Context, "com.masa.mauidemo.fileprovider", apkFile);// 设置显式 MIME 数据类型intent.SetDataAndType(uri, "application/vnd.android.package-archive");}else{intent.SetDataAndType(Android.Net.Uri.FromFile(new Java.IO.File(file)), "application/vnd.android.package-archive");}//指定以新任务的方式启动Activityintent.AddFlags(ActivityFlags.NewTask);//激活一个新的ActivityAndroid.App.Application.Context.StartActivity(intent);}public async Task DownloadFileAsync(string url, Action<long, long> action){var req = new HttpRequestMessage(new HttpMethod("GET"), url);var response = _client.SendAsync(req, HttpCompletionOption.ResponseHeadersRead).Result;var allLength = response.Content.Headers.ContentLength;var stream = await response.Content.ReadAsStreamAsync();var file = $"{FileSystem.AppDataDirectory}/{"com.masa.mauidemo.apk"}";await using var fileStream = new FileStream(file, FileMode.Create);await using (stream){var buffer = new byte[10240];var readLength = 0;int length;while ((length = await stream.ReadAsync(buffer, 0, buffer.Length)) != 0){readLength += length;action(readLength, allLength!.Value);// 写入到文件fileStream.Write(buffer, 0, length);}}}}
其中com.masa.mauidemo.apk 为安装文件apk的文件名称。
在MauiProgram.cs中添加注入,这里使用条件编译,在平台为Android时使用
#ifANDROIDbuilder.Services.AddSingleton<IUpgradeService, UpgradeService>();
#endif
在Pages中新增Index.razor.cs
using BlazorComponent;
using Masa.Blazor;
using MauiMasaBlazorDemo.Service;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components;
namespace MauiMasaBlazorDemo.Pages
{public partial class Index{[Inject]public IPopupService PopupService { get; set; }[Inject]private IUpgradeService UpgradeService { get; set; }private int Ps { get; set; }private long TotalBytesToReceive { get; set; }private long BytesReceived { get; set; }private long _unReadMsgCnt = 0;private bool _updateDialog;/// <summary>/// 获取最新版本/// </summary>/// <returns></returns>public async Task GetVersionNew(){var result = await UpgradeService.CheckUpdatesAsync
($"https://你的域名/update.txt?t={DateTime.Now.ToUniversalTime().Ticks}");if (result["CurrentVersion"] != result["LatestVersion"]){var confirm = await PopupService.ConfirmAsync($"检测到新版本,是否升级", "版本号为:" + result["LatestVersion"]);if (confirm){_updateDialog = true;await UpgradeService.DownloadFileAsync("https://你的域名/com.masa.mauidemo.apk", DownloadProgressChanged);UpgradeService.InstallNewVersion();}}else{await PopupService.AlertAsync($"当前版本已经是最新版,版本号为:" + result["LatestVersion"], AlertTypes.Success);}}private void DownloadProgressChanged(long readLength, long allLength){InvokeAsync(() =>{var c = (int)(readLength * 100 / allLength);if (c > 0 && c % 5 == 0) //刷新进度为每5%更新一次,过快的刷新会导致页面显示数值与实际不一致{Ps = c; //下载完成百分比BytesReceived = readLength / 1024; //当前已经下载的KbTotalBytesToReceive = allLength / 1024; //文件总大小KbStateHasChanged();}});}}
修改Index.razor 添加按钮、确认对话框、进度条组件。Masa blazor是国内不多可以完美支持MAUI的blazor组件
@page "/"
<MButton OnClick="GetVersionNew"><MLabel>检查更新</MLabel><MIcon>mdi-home</MIcon>
</MButton>
<div class="text-center"><MDialog @bind-Value="_updateDialog"Width="500"><ChildContent><MCard><MCardTitle Class="text-h5 grey lighten-2">正在更新请稍后... </MCardTitle><MCardText>@BytesReceived KB/@TotalBytesToReceive KB <MProgressLinear Value="@Ps" Striped Height="15" Color="light-blue"><strong>@Ps %</strong></MProgressLinear></MCardText></MCard></ChildContent></MDialog>
</div>
4、项目打包、签名、发布
项目属性中修改Android包格式为Apk
命令行生成一个安卓签名证书,部分手机没有证书签名不允许安装,会提示输入证书密码,密码要记住,其他随意填即可
keytool -genkey -v -keystore masa-maui-demo.keystore -alias key -keyalg RSA -keysize 2048 -validity 10000
项目属性,切换到-Android-包签名,勾选“APK签名”密钥存储选择刚刚生成的keystore文件,输入密钥“存储密码”和“别名密码”,这两个密码都填刚刚生成证书的密码,别名不设置的情况下,也需要输入别名密码,否则会在发布时提示“打包进程失败”。
解决方案配置中切换到Release,生成一下项目,然后右键项目名称-选择发布,发布0.0.1版本,发布过程会自动对apk进行签名
点右下角的打开文件夹,找到签名之后的apk文件,上传到阿里云OSS,同时再上传一个名为update.txt的文本文件,内容为“0.0.1”,这两个文件的地址就是GetVersionNew方法中的两个地址。
注意:
1、如果使用的下载apk的协议不是https,那么需要在AndroidManifest.xml文件 application 节点中添加 android:usesCleartextTraffic=“true”
2、如果是使用iis的话需要在MIEI中添加 MIME类型:
application/vnd.android.package-archive,否则apk文件无法下载
这样我们的自动升级功能就开发完毕了,如果程序新加了功能我们我们需要做:
1、修改项目的版本号,例如修改“应用程序显示版本”为0.0.2,应用程序版本:2
2、重新发布apk
3、上传到阿里云OSS,修改update.txt文件为0.0.2
下面为真机演示效果