Python 常用函数 configparser模块

使用ConfigParser模块读写ini文件

ConfigParserPython的ConfigParser Module中定义了3个类对INI文件进行操作。分别是RawConfigParser、ConfigParser、SafeConfigParser。模块所解析的ini配置文件是由多个section构成，每个section名用中括号‘[]’包含，每个section下可有多个配置项类似于key-value形式，

配置文件a.ini如下：

# 注释1
; 注释2
[section1]
k1 = v1
k2:v2
user=egon
age=18
is_admin=true
salary=31

[section2]
k1 = v1

读取

import configparser
config=configparser.ConfigParser()
config.read('a.ini')
#查看所有的标题
res=config.sections() #['section1', 'section2']
print(res)#查看标题section1下所有key=value的key
options=config.options('section1')
print(options) #['k1', 'k2', 'user', 'age', 'is_admin', 'salary']#查看标题section1下所有key=value的(key,value)格式
item_list=config.items('section1')
print(item_list) #[('k1', 'v1'), ('k2', 'v2'), ('user', 'egon'), ('age', '18'), ('is_admin', 'true'), ('salary', '31')]#查看标题section1下user的值=>字符串格式
val=config.get('section1','user')
print(val) #egon#查看标题section1下age的值=>整数格式
val1=config.getint('section1','age')
print(val1) #18#查看标题section1下is_admin的值=>布尔值格式
val2=config.getboolean('section1','is_admin')
print(val2) #True#查看标题section1下salary的值=>浮点型格式
val3=config.getfloat('section1','salary')
print(val3) #31.0

改写

import configparser
config=configparser.ConfigParser()
config.read('a.cfg')#删除整个标题section2
config.remove_section('section2')#删除标题section1下的某个k1和k2
config.remove_option('section1','k1')
config.remove_option('section1','k2')#判断是否存在某个标题
print(config.has_section('section1'))#判断标题section1下是否有user
print(config.has_option('section1',''))#添加一个标题
config.add_section('egon')#在标题egon下添加name=egon,age=18的配置
config.set('egon','name','egon')
config.set('egon','age',18) #报错,必须是字符串#最后将修改的内容写入文件,完成最终的修改
config.write(open('a.cfg','w'))

好多软件的常见文档格式如下，文件名为test.ini：

[DEFAULT]
ServerAliveInterval = 45
Compression = yes
CompressionLevel = 9
ForwardX11 = yes
[bitbucket.org]
User = hg
[topsecret.server.com]
Port = 50022
ForwardX11 = no

php.ini文件的格式也是如此

[PHP]
engine = On
short_open_tag = Off
asp_tags = Off
precision = 14
output_buffering = 4096
zlib.output_compression = Off
implicit_flush = Off
unserialize_callback_func =
serialize_precision = 17
disable_functions =
disable_classes =
zend.enable_gc = On
expose_php = On
max_execution_time = 30
max_input_time = 60
memory_limit = 128M
error_reporting = E_ALL & ~E_DEPRECATED & ~E_STRICT
display_errors = Off
display_startup_errors = Off
log_errors = On
log_errors_max_len = 1024
ignore_repeated_errors = Off
ignore_repeated_source = Off
report_memleaks = On
track_errors = Off
html_errors = On
variables_order = "GPCS"
request_order = "GP"
register_argc_argv = Off
auto_globals_jit = On
post_max_size = 8M
auto_prepend_file =
auto_append_file =
default_mimetype = "text/html"
doc_root =
user_dir =
enable_dl = Off
file_uploads = On
upload_max_filesize = 2M
max_file_uploads = 20
allow_url_fopen = On
allow_url_include = Off
default_socket_timeout = 60
[CLI Server]
cli_server.color = On
[Date]
[filter]
[iconv]
[intl]
[sqlite]
[sqlite3]
[Pcre]
[Pdo]
[Pdo_mysql]
pdo_mysql.cache_size = 2000
pdo_mysql.default_socket=
[Phar]
[mail function]
SMTP = localhost
smtp_port = 25
sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i
mail.add_x_header = On
[SQL]
sql.safe_mode = Off
[ODBC]
odbc.allow_persistent = On
odbc.check_persistent = On
odbc.max_persistent = -1
odbc.max_links = -1
odbc.defaultlrl = 4096
odbc.defaultbinmode = 1
[Interbase]
ibase.allow_persistent = 1
ibase.max_persistent = -1
ibase.max_links = -1
ibase.timestampformat = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"
ibase.dateformat = "%Y-%m-%d"
ibase.timeformat = "%H:%M:%S"
[MySQL]
mysql.allow_local_infile = On
mysql.allow_persistent = On
mysql.cache_size = 2000
mysql.max_persistent = -1
mysql.max_links = -1
mysql.default_port =
mysql.default_socket =
mysql.default_host =
mysql.default_user =
mysql.default_password =
mysql.connect_timeout = 60
mysql.trace_mode = Off
[MySQLi]
mysqli.max_persistent = -1
mysqli.allow_persistent = On
mysqli.max_links = -1
mysqli.cache_size = 2000
mysqli.default_port = 3306
mysqli.default_socket =
mysqli.default_host =
mysqli.default_user =
mysqli.default_pw =
mysqli.reconnect = Off
[mysqlnd]
mysqlnd.collect_statistics = On
mysqlnd.collect_memory_statistics = Off
[OCI8]
[PostgreSQL]
pgsql.allow_persistent = On
pgsql.auto_reset_persistent = Off
pgsql.max_persistent = -1
pgsql.max_links = -1
pgsql.ignore_notice = 0
pgsql.log_notice = 0
[Sybase-CT]
sybct.allow_persistent = On
sybct.max_persistent = -1
sybct.max_links = -1
sybct.min_server_severity = 10
sybct.min_client_severity = 10
[bcmath]
bcmath.scale = 0
[browscap]
[Session]
session.save_handler = files
session.use_cookies = 1
session.use_only_cookies = 1
session.name = PHPSESSID
session.auto_start = 0
session.cookie_lifetime = 0
session.cookie_path = /
session.cookie_domain =
session.cookie_httponly =
session.serialize_handler = php
session.gc_probability = 1
session.gc_divisor = 1000
session.gc_maxlifetime = 1440
session.bug_compat_42 = Off
session.bug_compat_warn = Off
session.referer_check =
session.cache_limiter = nocache
session.cache_expire = 180
session.use_trans_sid = 0
session.hash_function = 0
session.hash_bits_per_character = 5
url_rewriter.tags = "a=href,area=href,frame=src,input=src,form=fakeentry"
[MSSQL]
mssql.allow_persistent = On
mssql.max_persistent = -1
mssql.max_links = -1
mssql.min_error_severity = 10
mssql.min_message_severity = 10
mssql.compatability_mode = Off
mssql.secure_connection = Off
[Assertion]
[mbstring]
[gd]
[exif]
[Tidy]
tidy.clean_output = Off
[soap]
soap.wsdl_cache_enabled=1
soap.wsdl_cache_dir="/tmp"
soap.wsdl_cache_ttl=86400
soap.wsdl_cache_limit = 5
[sysvshm]
[ldap]
ldap.max_links = -1
[mcrypt]
[dba]

　　

1 获取所有节点

import configparser
config=configparser.ConfigParser()
config.read('test.ini',encoding='utf-8')
res=config.sections()
print(res)'''
打印结果:
['bitbucket.org', 'topsecret.server.com']
'''

 

2 获取指定节点下所有的键值对

import configparser
config=configparser.ConfigParser()
config.read('test.ini',encoding='utf-8')
res=config.items('bitbucket.org')
print(res)'''
打印结果:(包含DEFAULT以及bitbucket.org这俩标题下所有的items)
[('serveraliveinterval', '45'), ('compression', 'yes'), ('compressionlevel', '9'), ('forwardx11', 'yes'), ('user', 'hg')]
'''

3 获取指定节点下所有的建

import configparser
config=configparser.ConfigParser()
config.read('test.ini',encoding='utf-8')
res=config.options('bitbucket.org')
print(res)'''
打印结果:(包含DEFAULT以及bitbucket.org这俩标题下所有的键)
['user', 'serveraliveinterval', 'compression', 'compressionlevel', 'forwardx11']'''

4 获取指定节点下指定key的值

import configparser
config=configparser.ConfigParser()
config.read('test.ini',encoding='utf-8')
res1=config.get('bitbucket.org','user')res2=config.getint('topsecret.server.com','port')
res3=config.getfloat('topsecret.server.com','port')
res4=config.getboolean('topsecret.server.com','ForwardX11')print(res1)
print(res2)
print(res3)
print(res4)'''
打印结果:
hg
50022
50022.0
False
'''

5 检查、删除、添加节点

import configparser
config=configparser.ConfigParser()
config.read('test.ini',encoding='utf-8')#检查
has_sec=config.has_section('bitbucket.org')
print(has_sec) #打印True#添加节点
config.add_section('egon') #已经存在则报错
config['egon']['username']='gangdan'
config['egon']['age']='18'
config.write(open('test.ini','w'))#删除节点
config.remove_section('egon')
config.write(open('test.ini','w'))

6 检查、删除、设置指定组内的键值对

import configparser
config=configparser.ConfigParser()
config.read('test.ini',encoding='utf-8')#检查
has_sec=config.has_option('bitbucket.org','user') #bitbucket.org下有一个键user
print(has_sec) #打印True#删除
config.remove_option('DEFAULT','forwardx11')
config.write(open('test.ini','w'))#设置
config.set('bitbucket.org','user','gangdang')
config.write(open('test.ini','w'))

 

import configparserconfig = configparser.ConfigParser()
config["DEFAULT"] = {'ServerAliveInterval': '45','Compression': 'yes','CompressionLevel': '9'}config['bitbucket.org'] = {}
config['bitbucket.org']['User'] = 'hg'
config['topsecret.server.com'] = {}
topsecret = config['topsecret.server.com']
topsecret['Host Port'] = '50022'     # mutates the parser
topsecret['ForwardX11'] = 'no'  # same here
config['DEFAULT']['ForwardX11'] = 'yes'
with open('example.ini', 'w') as configfile:config.write(configfile)