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背景
Hystrix 旨在通过控制那些访问远程系统、服务和第三方库的节点,从而对延迟和故障提供更强大的容错能力。Hystrix具备拥有回退机制和断路器功能的线程和信号隔离,请求缓存和请求打包,以及监控和配置等功能。
Dubbo是Alibaba开源的,目前国内最流行的java rpc框架。
本文介绍在spring应用里,怎么把Dubbo和Hystrix结合起来使用。
Spring Boot应用
生成dubbo集成spring boot的应用
配置spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix
spring boot官方提供了对hystrix的集成,直接在pom.xml里加入依赖:
| 1 2 3 4 5 | <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId> <version>1.4.4.RELEASE</version> </dependency> |
然后在Application类上增加@EnableHystrix来启用hystrix starter:
| 1 2 3 | @SpringBootApplication @EnableHystrix public class ProviderApplication { |
配置Provider端
在Dubbo的Provider上增加@HystrixCommand配置,这样子调用就会经过Hystrix代理。
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 | @Service(version = "1.0.0") public class HelloServiceImpl implements HelloService { @HystrixCommand(commandProperties = { @HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.requestVolumeThreshold", value = "10"), @HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds", value = "2000") }) @Override public String sayHello(String name) { // System.out.println("async provider received: " + name); // return "annotation: hello, " + name; throw new RuntimeException("Exception to show hystrix enabled."); } } |
配置Consumer端
对于Consumer端,则可以增加一层method调用,并在method上配置@HystrixCommand。当调用出错时,会走到fallbackMethod = "reliable"的调用里。
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | @Reference(version = "1.0.0") private HelloService demoService; @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "reliable") public String doSayHello(String name) { return demoService.sayHello(name); } public String reliable(String name) { return "hystrix fallback value"; } |
通过上面的配置,很简单地就完成了Spring Boot里Dubbo + Hystrix的集成。
传统Spring Annotation应用
Demo地址
传统spring annotation应用的配置其实也很简单,和spring boot应用不同的是:
- 显式配置Spring AOP支持:
@EnableAspectJAutoProxy - 显式通过
@Configuration配置HystrixCommandAspect Bean。
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 | @Configuration @EnableDubbo(scanBasePackages = "com.alibaba.dubbo.samples.annotation.action") @PropertySource("classpath:/spring/dubbo-consumer.properties") @ComponentScan(value = {"com.alibaba.dubbo.samples.annotation.action"}) @EnableAspectJAutoProxy static public class ConsumerConfiguration { @Bean public HystrixCommandAspect hystrixCommandAspect() { return new HystrixCommandAspect(); } } |
Hystrix集成Spring AOP原理
在上面的例子里可以看到,Hystrix对Spring的集成是通过Spring AOP来实现的。下面简单分析下实现。
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 | @Aspect public class HystrixCommandAspect { @Pointcut("@annotation(com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand)") public void hystrixCommandAnnotationPointcut() { } @Pointcut("@annotation(com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCollapser)") public void hystrixCollapserAnnotationPointcut() { } @Around("hystrixCommandAnnotationPointcut() || hystrixCollapserAnnotationPointcut()") public Object methodsAnnotatedWithHystrixCommand(final ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) throws Throwable { Method method = getMethodFromTarget(joinPoint); Validate.notNull(method, "failed to get method from joinPoint: %s", joinPoint); if (method.isAnnotationPresent(HystrixCommand.class) && method.isAnnotationPresent(HystrixCollapser.class)) { throw new IllegalStateException("method cannot be annotated with HystrixCommand and HystrixCollapser " + "annotations at the same time"); } MetaHolderFactory metaHolderFactory = META_HOLDER_FACTORY_MAP.get(HystrixPointcutType.of(method)); MetaHolder metaHolder = metaHolderFactory.create(joinPoint); HystrixInvokable invokable = HystrixCommandFactory.getInstance().create(metaHolder); ExecutionType executionType = metaHolder.isCollapserAnnotationPresent() ? metaHolder.getCollapserExecutionType() : metaHolder.getExecutionType(); Object result; try { if (!metaHolder.isObservable()) { result = CommandExecutor.execute(invokable, executionType, metaHolder); } else { result = executeObservable(invokable, executionType, metaHolder); } } catch (HystrixBadRequestException e) { throw e.getCause() != null ? e.getCause() : e; } catch (HystrixRuntimeException e) { throw hystrixRuntimeExceptionToThrowable(metaHolder, e); } return result; } |
HystrixCommandAspect里定义了两个注解的AspectJ Pointcut:@HystrixCommand, @HystrixCollapser。所有带这两个注解的spring bean都会经过AOP处理- 在
@Around AOP处理函数里,可以看到Hystrix会创建出HystrixInvokable,再通过CommandExecutor来执行
spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix的代码分析
@EnableHystrix 引入了@EnableCircuitBreaker,@EnableCircuitBreaker引入了EnableCircuitBreakerImportSelector | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | @EnableCircuitBreaker public @interface EnableHystrix { } @Import(EnableCircuitBreakerImportSelector.class) public @interface EnableCircuitBreaker { } |
EnableCircuitBreakerImportSelector继承了SpringFactoryImportSelector<EnableCircuitBreaker>,使spring加载META-INF/spring.factories里的EnableCircuitBreaker声明的配置在META-INF/spring.factories里可以找到下面的配置,也就是引入了HystrixCircuitBreakerConfiguration。 | 1 2 | org.springframework.cloud.client.circuitbreaker.EnableCircuitBreaker=\ org.springframework.cloud.netflix.hystrix.HystrixCircuitBreakerConfiguration |
- 在
HystrixCircuitBreakerConfiguration里可以发现创建了HystrixCommandAspect | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | @Configuration public class HystrixCircuitBreakerConfiguration { @Bean public HystrixCommandAspect hystrixCommandAspect() { return new HystrixCommandAspect(); } |
可见spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix实际上也是创建了HystrixCommandAspect来集成Hystrix。
另外spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix里还有metrics, health, dashboard等集成。
总结
- 对于dubbo provider的
@Service是一个spring bean,直接在上面配置@HystrixCommand即可 - 对于dubbo consumer的
@Reference,可以通过加一层简单的spring method包装,配置@HystrixCommand即可 - Hystrix本身提供
HystrixCommandAspect来集成Spring AOP,配置了@HystrixCommand和@HystrixCollapser的spring method都会被Hystrix处理
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