系统版本:ubuntu18.04
库版本:opencv4.6.0 & opencv3.6.0
一、多版本安装前准备
1. 卸载已经安装的opencv版本[可选]
1.1 卸载从软件仓库中安装的opencv
sudo apt-get purge libopencv*
1.2 卸载使用source自行编译安装的opencv
首先进入原先编译opencv的build目录,在该目录下打开终端;再执行以下代码。(注意如果build已经删除了,可以重新编译一遍该版本的opencv,然后在最后一步执行sudo make uninstall)
sudo make uninstall
cd ..
sudo rm -r build
sudo rm -r /usr/local/include/opencv2 /usr/local/include/opencv /usr/include/opencv /usr/include/opencv2 /usr/local/share/opencv /usr/local/share/OpenCV /usr/share/opencv /usr/share/OpenCV /usr/local/bin/opencv* /usr/local/lib/libopencv*
以上可能有error,可忽略,最后执行如下操作:
sudo apt-get --purge remove opencv-doc opencv-data python-opencv
二、安装opencv3.4.15
2.1 下载opencv3.4.15:
链接1: GitHub - opencv/opencv_contrib at 3.4.15
链接2:Releases - OpenCV
2.2 下载opencv_contrib
注意:这里要与上面下载的opencv版本一致
链接:
GitHub - opencv/opencv_contrib at 3.4.15
2.3 编译源码
2.3.1 下载好后,将opencv_contrib放到解压后opencv文件夹里面
2.3.2 安装依赖项
sudo apt-get updatesudo apt-get upgradesudo apt-get install build-essentialsudo apt-get install cmake git libgtk2.0-dev pkg-config libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-devsudo apt-get install python-dev python-numpy libtbb2 libtbb-dev libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libtiff-dev libjasper-dev libdc1394-22-dev
2.3.3 cmake编译
2.3.3.1 在该文件夹opencv-3.4.15下打开终端
后续步骤参见下文3.3.3节
三、安装opencv4.6.0
3.1 下载opencv4.6.0
链接1:GitHub - opencv/opencv at 4.6.0
链接2:Releases - OpenCV
3.2 下载opencv_contrib
注意:这里要与上面下载的opencv版本一致
链接:https://github.com/opencv/opencv_contrib/tree/4.6.0
3.3 编译源码
3.3.1 两个都下载好以后,把opencv_ opencv_contrib放到解压后opencv文件夹里面
3.3.2 安装依赖
sudo apt-get updatesudo apt-get upgradesudo apt-get install build-essentialsudo apt-get install cmake git libgtk2.0-dev pkg-config libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-devsudo apt-get install python-dev python-numpy libtbb2 libtbb-dev libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libtiff-dev libjasper-dev libdc1394-22-dev
3.3.3 cmake编译
3.3.3.1 在该文件夹opencv-4.6.0下打开终端
mkdir build && cd build
(1) 不编译opencv_contrib、cuda
注意:CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/opencv-4.6.0
cmake -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/opencv-4.6.0 -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -D OPENCV_GENERATE_PKGCONFIG=ON -D OPENCV_ENABLE_NONFREE=True ..
注解:
1. CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX 是opencv的安装地址 默认安装在 usr/local
2. CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE 是opencv安装的版本,Release和Debug两种可选,默认安装Release
3. OPENCV_ENABLE_NONFREE 是否使用部分被申请了专利的算方法 这里选True的话就可以使用了
4. OPENCV_GENERATE_PKGCONFIG 强烈建议开启这个 设置为ON OPENCV_GENERATE_PKGCONFIG 因为opencv4默认不生成.pc文件,所以加上这句用于生成opencv4.pc文件,支持pkg-config功能。opencv4版本及以上 这里用ON.
(2) 编译opencv_contrib,不编译cuda
注意:CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/opencv-4.6.0
OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=../opencv_contrib-4.6.0/modules
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE \-D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/opencv-4.6.0 \-D INSTALL_PYTHON_EXAMPLES=ON \-D INSTALL_C_EXAMPLES=OFF \-D OPENCV_GENERATE_PKGCONFIG=ON \-D OPENCV_ENABLE_NONFREE=ON \-D OPENCV_DNN_CUDA=ON \-D ENABLE_FAST_MATH=1 \-D OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=../opencv_contrib-4.6.0/modules \-D HAVE_opencv_python3=ON \-D PYTHON_EXECUTABLE=usr/bin/python3 \-D BUILD_EXAMPLES=ON ..cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE -DOPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH= ../opencv_contrib-4.6.0/modules -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/opencv-4.6.0 -DWITH_CUDA=OFF -DBUILD_EXAMPLES=ON -DBUILD_DOCS=OFF -DBUILD_PERF_TESTS=OFF -DBUILD_TESTS=OFF -DOPENCV_GENERATE_PKGCONFIG=YES -DOPENCV_ENABLE_NONFREE=True -DBUILD_opencv_world=OFF ..
可能出现的错误:
ippicv_2020_win_intel64_20191018_general.zip等文件下载失败的解决办法,找了好久,还是这位老哥的方法解决了问题-CSDN博客
(3) 编译opencv_contrib、cuda
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE \-D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/opencv-4.6.0 \-D INSTALL_PYTHON_EXAMPLES=ON \-D INSTALL_C_EXAMPLES=OFF \-D OPENCV_GENERATE_PKGCONFIG=ON \-D OPENCV_ENABLE_NONFREE=ON \-D WITH_CUDA=ON \-D WITH_CUDNN=ON \-D OPENCV_DNN_CUDA=ON \-D ENABLE_FAST_MATH=1 \-D CUDA_FAST_MATH=1 \-D CUDA_ARCH_BIN=7.5 \-D WITH_CUBLAS=1 \-D OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=../opencv_contrib-4.6.0/modules \-D HAVE_opencv_python3=ON \-D PYTHON_EXECUTABLE=usr/bin/python3 \-D BUILD_EXAMPLES=ON ..
从上,WITH_CUDA和WITH_CUDNN项指的是用CUDA和cuDNN。OPENCV_DNN_CUDA项表示我们要编译后的dnn模块支持CUDA。ENABLE_FAST_MATH, CUDA_FAST_MATH和WITH_CUBLAS项是为了优化运算而开启的。
3.3.3.2 cmake结束后make
注:终端输入nproc
命令可以查看自己电脑有多少线程。我的电脑有8个。
sudo make -j8
3.3.3.3 安装指令
sudo make install
3.3.3.4 配置环境
sudo gedit /etc/ld.so.conf.d/opencv.conf
新增 /usr/local/opencv-4.6.0/lib
保存后终端输入
sudo ldconfig
更新共享链接库
sudo gedit /etc/bash.bashrc
在文末新增:
PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$PKG_CONFIG_PATH:/usr/local/opencv-4.6.0/lib/pkgconfig
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH
保存后退出,终端输入以下命令使配置生效
source /etc/bash.bashrc
更新一下
sudo updatedb
查看是否安装成功,成功则会输出版本号
pkg-config --modversion opencv
四、配置菜单选项
打开终端,输入以下指令
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/local/opencv opencv /usr/local/opencv-3.4.15/ 3415
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/local/opencv opencv /usr/local/opencv-4.6.0/ 4600
切换指令
sudo update-alternatives --config opencv