Axios入门案例——后端学习

后端准备

导入依赖

解决跨域

User实体类

DemoController测试接口

前端准备

项目结构

axios.js

axios.html

开始测试

后端结果

前端结果

后端准备

导入依赖

案例会用到以下的三个依赖。

<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId><optional>true</optional>
</dependency>

<dependency><groupId>com.alibaba</groupId><artifactId>fastjson</artifactId><version>1.2.83</version>
</dependency>

解决跨域

定义一个过滤器，解决跨域的问题。

import jakarta.servlet.*;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import java.io.IOException;@Component
@WebFilter(urlPatterns = "/*")
public class MyFilter implements Filter {@Overridepublic void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) servletResponse;response.setHeader("Access-control-Allow-Origin", request.getHeader("Origin"));response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "GET,POST,OPTIONS,PUT,DELETE,PATCH");response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", request.getHeader("Access-Control-Request-Headers"));filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);}
}

User实体类

将接收到的数据封装到User实体类中。

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class User {private Long id;private String username;
}

DemoController测试接口

我们测试两个接口，一个GET请求，一个POST请求。

因为在案例中前端发出的POST请求是以表单的形式传数据，所以不需要加@RequestBody注解。只有在接收json格式的数据时，才需要在参数上加@RequestBody注解。

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.demo.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;@RestController
@RequestMapping("/test")
public class DemoController {@GetMappingpublic String demo1() {System.out.println("get test success!");return "get test success!";}@PostMappingpublic String demo2(User user) {System.out.println("post test success!");return JSONObject.toJSONString(user);}
}

前端准备

项目结构

如图所示，创建项目。

axios.js

这里直接给出，复制粘贴即可。

/* axios v0.18.0 | (c) 2018 by Matt Zabriskie */
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//# sourceMappingURL=axios.min.map

axios.html

当点击对应的按钮，会发出相应的请求，将返回的结果打印在控制台。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en"><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title>Document</title><script src="js/axios.js"></script>
</head><body><input type="button" value="获取数据GET" onclick="get()"><input type="button" value="获取数据POST" onclick="post()"></body><script>function get() {axios({method: "get",url: "http://localhost:8080/test"}).then(result => {console.log(result.data)})}function post() {axios({method: "post",url: "http://localhost:8080/test",data: "id=1&username=艾伦"}).then(result => {console.log(result.data)})}
</script></html>