文章目录
- 博客系统
- 前言
- 1. 前端
- 1.1 登陆页面
- 1.2 博客列表页面
- 1.3 博客详情页面
- 1.4 博客编辑页面
- 2. 后端
- 2.1 项目部署
- 2.1.1 创建maven项目
- 2.1.2 引入依赖
- 2.1.3 创建目录结构
- 2.1.4 部署程序
- 2.2 逻辑设计
- 2.2.1 数据库设计
- 2.2.2 实体类设计
- 2.2.3 Dao层设计
- 2.2.3.1 BlogDao
- 2.2.4 Dao层设计
- 2.2.3 接口设计
- 2.2.3.1 登录接口
- 2.2.3.2 注销接口
- 2.2.3.3 作者查询接口
- 2.2.3.4 博客接口
- 2.2.3.4 删除博客接口
- 3. 小结
博客系统
前言
基于servlet+jdbc进行后端开发,设计了一个可以发布博客,查看博客详情,删除博客,登录注销功能的简易博客系统。
1. 前端
1.1 登陆页面
1.2 博客列表页面
1.3 博客详情页面
1.4 博客编辑页面
2. 后端
2.1 项目部署
2.1.1 创建maven项目
我们在idea里面点击new project创建一个maven项目,然后一路next选择好项目位置以及命名即可。
2.1.2 引入依赖
在创建完maven项目之后我们需要加载依赖,部分同学可能由于网络问题难以加载,可以多试几遍,实在不行可以更换国内的镜像下载此处不作多介绍。以下需要引入的依赖主要有:java.servlet-api、mysql-connector-java,以及后续发送json格式的数据需要的jackson依赖(jackson-databind)
我们通过maven仓库官网https://mvnrepository.com/ 即可获取。
如图:复制链接黏贴到我们项目的pom.xml文件
代码 : 以下是我部署的依赖可以直接复制黏贴
<dependencies>
<!-- servlet依赖--><!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/javax.servlet-api --><dependency><groupId>javax.servlet</groupId><artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId><version>3.1.0</version><scope>provided</scope></dependency>
<!-- jackson依赖--><!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.fasterxml.jackson.core/jackson-databind --><dependency><groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId><artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId><version>2.14.2</version></dependency>
<!-- 数据库依赖--><!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/mysql/mysql-connector-java --><dependency><groupId>mysql</groupId><artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId><version>5.1.47</version></dependency></dependencies>
2.1.3 创建目录结构
在我们的webapp目录下面创建一个WEB-INF包并创建一个web.xml,此处结构以及名字不能改动。
web.xml内容:
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN""http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app><display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
</web-app>
2.1.4 部署程序
我们在插件市场搜索 Smart Tomcat 插件,将Tomcat集成到idea就不用我们手动打包,之后点击即可运行。
然后点击新增运行配置,将Smart Tomcat加入,此处选择Tomcat路径,如果还没有下载Tomcat,可以通过官网下载。博主使用的是 3.1版本的servlet+tomcat 8 。
然后就可以点击运行:出现以下结果就是部署成功了。之后我们就可以通过127.0.0.1:8080/MessageWall/xx.html(html页面)访问,其中MessageWall是Context path,一般默认是项目名。
2.2 逻辑设计
2.2.1 数据库设计
我们博客系统主要有用户登录以及编写博客的功能,基于此需求在当前博客系统中主要涉及两个实体,博客和用户,所以我们需要创建两张表用于存储博客和用户信息。
注意:用户与博客之间是一对多的关系;以下设计blog表和user表
- blog表包含blogId,title,content,postTime,userId属性;
- user表包含userId,userName,password;
- 通过userId建立关系,描述用户有哪些博客。
sql代码写到文本文件中用于记录,以便后续在别的机器上部署;
编写封装数据库的连接操作,代码如下:
import com.mysql.jdbc.Connection;
import com.mysql.jdbc.jdbc2.optional.MysqlDataSource;import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;/*** @author zq*/
public class DBUtil {private static DataSource dataSource = new MysqlDataSource();static {((MysqlDataSource) dataSource).setUrl("jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/blog_system?characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false");((MysqlDataSource) dataSource).setUser("root");((MysqlDataSource) dataSource).setPassword("123456");}public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {return (Connection) dataSource.getConnection();}public static void close(Connection connection, PreparedStatement preparedStatement, ResultSet resultSet){if (resultSet!=null){try {resultSet.close();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}if (preparedStatement!=null){try {preparedStatement.close();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}if (connection!=null){try {connection.close();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}
}
2.2.2 实体类设计
根据我们用户表和博客表设计两个对应的实体类如下:
user类:
package model;/*** @author zq*/
public class User {private String username;private String password;private int userId;public String getUsername() {return username;}public void setUsername(String username) {this.username = username;}public String getPassword() {return password;}public void setPassword(String password) {this.password = password;}public int getUserId() {return userId;}public void setUserId(int userId) {this.userId = userId;}
}
blog类:
package model;import java.sql.Timestamp;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;/*** @author zq*/
public class Blog {private int blogId;private String title;private String content;private Timestamp postTime;private int userId;public int getBlogId() {return blogId;}public void setBlogId(int blogId) {this.blogId = blogId;}public String getTitle() {return title;}public void setTitle(String title) {this.title = title;}public String getContent() {return content;}public void setContent(String content) {this.content = content;}public String getPostTime() {SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss");return simpleDateFormat.format(postTime);}public Timestamp getPostTimestamp(){return postTime;}public void setPostTime(Timestamp postTime) {this.postTime = postTime;}public int getUserId() {return userId;}public void setUserId(int userId) {this.userId = userId;}
}
2.2.3 Dao层设计
封装数据库的增删改查,针对博客表创建BlogDao,针对用户表创建UserDao并且提供对应的增删改查方法。
2.2.3.1 BlogDao
针对本项目我们需要的功能有发布博客,也就是在博客表新增一条数据;显示博客详情即根据博客id查询博客内容;删除博客即根据博客id删除博客;博客列表页即查询该用户发布的所有博客;
具体实现如下:
package model;import com.mysql.jdbc.Connection;
import model.Blog;
import model.DBUtil;import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;/*** @author zq*/
//针对博客表提供的基本操作,此处暂时不考虑修改
public class BlogDao {//1。新增一个博客public void add(Blog blog) {//1.先于数据库建立连接、Connection connection = null;PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;try {connection = DBUtil.getConnection();//2.构造sql1语句String sql = "insert into blog values(null,?,?,now(),?)";preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);preparedStatement.setString(1, blog.getTitle());preparedStatement.setString(2, blog.getContent());// preparedStatement.setTimestamp(3,blog.getPostTimestamp());preparedStatement.setInt(3,blog.getUserId());//3.执行sqlpreparedStatement.executeUpdate();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}finally {DBUtil.close(connection,preparedStatement,null);}}//2.根据博客id查询指定博客,也就是页面的显示全文public Blog selectById(int blogId){Connection connection =null;PreparedStatement statement = null;ResultSet resultSet = null;try {//1.建立连接connection = DBUtil.getConnection();//2.构造sql语句String sql = "select * from blog where blogId = ?";statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);statement.setInt(1,blogId);//3.执行sql语句resultSet = statement.executeQuery();//由于主键具有唯一性所以如果查到数据那么就只有一条//所以不需要用while遍历所有结果,判断是否有一条就行if (resultSet.next()){Blog blog = new Blog();blog.setBlogId(resultSet.getInt("blogId"));blog.setContent(resultSet.getString("content"));blog.setTitle(resultSet.getString("title"));blog.setUserId(resultSet.getInt("userId"));blog.setPostTime(resultSet.getTimestamp("postTime"));return blog;}}catch (SQLException throwables){throwables.printStackTrace();}finally {DBUtil.close(connection,statement,resultSet);}return null;}//3.直接查询数据库所有的博客列表(博客列表页)public List<Blog> selectAll(){Connection connection = null;PreparedStatement statement = null;ResultSet resultSet = null;List<Blog> blogs = new ArrayList<>();try{//建立链接connection = DBUtil.getConnection();//构造sql语句String sql = "select * from blog order by postTime desc";statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);//执行sqlresultSet = statement.executeQuery();while (resultSet.next()){Blog blog = new Blog();blog.setBlogId(resultSet.getInt("blogId"));//注意这里的正文内容在博客列表页,不需要全部显示出来String content = resultSet.getString("content");if (content.length()>=100){content = content.substring(0,100)+"....";}blog.setContent(content);blog.setTitle(resultSet.getString("title"));blog.setUserId(resultSet.getInt("userId"));blog.setPostTime(resultSet.getTimestamp("postTime"));blogs.add(blog);}}catch (SQLException throwables){throwables.printStackTrace();}finally {DBUtil.close(connection,statement,resultSet);}return blogs;}//4.实现删除指定博客public void delete(int blogId){Connection connection = null;PreparedStatement statement = null;try{//建立链接connection = DBUtil.getConnection();//构造sql语句String sql = "delete from blog where blogId =?";statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);statement.setInt(1,blogId);//执行sqlstatement.executeUpdate();}catch (SQLException throwables){throwables.printStackTrace();}finally {DBUtil.close(connection,statement,null);}}
}
2.2.4 Dao层设计
本项目在设计用户表的主要功能,登录需要验证用户名与密码即根据用户名查询用户信息;主页右侧显示的用户信息即根据用户id查询用户信息;
具体实现:
package model;import com.mysql.jdbc.Connection;
import model.DBUtil;import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;/*** @author zq*/
//针对用户表提供的基本操作,由于没有写注册功能所以就不写add,
// 也没有注销功能,所以也不写delete
public class UserDao {//1.根据userID查询用户信息public User selecetById(int userId){Connection connection = null;PreparedStatement statement = null;ResultSet resultSet = null;try{connection = DBUtil.getConnection();String sql = "select * from user where userId = ?";statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);statement.setInt(1,userId);resultSet = statement.executeQuery();if (resultSet.next()){User user = new User();user.setUserId(resultSet.getInt("userId"));user.setUsername(resultSet.getString("username"));user.setPassword(resultSet.getString("password"));return user;}}catch (SQLException throwables){throwables.printStackTrace();}finally {DBUtil.close(connection,statement,resultSet);}return null;}//2.根据用户名查询用户信息public User selectByUsername(String username){Connection connection = null;PreparedStatement statement = null;ResultSet resultSet = null;try{connection = DBUtil.getConnection();String sql = "select * from user where username = ?";statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);statement.setString(1,username);resultSet = statement.executeQuery();if (resultSet.next()){User user = new User();user.setUserId(resultSet.getInt("userId"));user.setUsername(resultSet.getString("username"));user.setPassword(resultSet.getString("password"));return user;}}catch (SQLException throwables){throwables.printStackTrace();}finally {DBUtil.close(connection,statement,resultSet);}return null;}}
2.2.3 接口设计
在前后端进行数据交互时我们约定以json格式进行数据传输,前端通过ajax向后端发送请求。
2.2.3.1 登录接口
创建一个LoginServlet类继承HttpServlet类,重写doPost()方法实现对用户密码的校验,重写doGet()方法进行用户是否登录校验,只有登录了的用户才能进行博客编辑。
具体实现如下:
package api;import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import model.User;
import model.UserDao;import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;/*** @author zq*/@WebServlet("/login")
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {private ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();@Overrideprotected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {//1.读取用户名和密码,由于是form表单格式所以不用jackson的类进行读取//注意如果此处的用户名密码如果包含中文会乱码,所以要设置字符集req.setCharacterEncoding("utf8");resp.setContentType("text/html; charset=utf8");String username = req.getParameter("username");String password = req.getParameter("password");if (username==null||"".equals(username)||password==null||"".equals(password)){//登录失败String html = "<h3> 登陆失败username或者password错误 </h3>" ;resp.getWriter().write(html);return;}//2.读取数据库看用户名是否存在,密码是否匹配UserDao userDao = new UserDao();User user = userDao.selectByUsername(username);if (user==null){//用户不存在String html = "<h3> 用户名或密码错误 </h3>" ;resp.getWriter().write(html);return;}if (!password.equals(user.getPassword())){String html = "<h3> 用户名或密码错误 </h3>" ;resp.getWriter().write(html);return;}//3.验证通过,接下来创建会话,使用会话保存用户信息HttpSession session = req.getSession(true);session.setAttribute("user",user);//4.进行重定向到博客列表页resp.sendRedirect("blog_list.html");}@Overrideprotected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {resp.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf8");//获取用户的登录状态,如果用户未登录当前会话就拿不到HttpSession session = req.getSession(false);if (session==null){//未登录,返回一个user对象User user = new User();String respJson = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(user);resp.getWriter().write(respJson);return;}//登录了取出user对象User user = (User) session.getAttribute("user");if (user==null){//一般不会为空user = new User();String respJson = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(user);resp.getWriter().write(respJson);return;}//成功取出user对象,直接返回String respjson = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(user);resp.getWriter().write(respjson);}
}
2.2.3.2 注销接口
创建一个LogoutServlet类继承HttpServlet类,重写doGet()方法直接将session中的该用户移除,去除该用户缓存如何自动跳转到登录页面。
具体实现如下:
package api;import model.User;import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;/*** @author zq*/
@WebServlet("/logout")
public class LogoutServlet extends HttpServlet {@Overrideprotected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {HttpSession httpSession = req.getSession(false);if (httpSession==null){//未登录状态,直接提示出错resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf8");resp.getWriter().write("当前未登录");}//然后直接romovehttpSession.removeAttribute("user");//然后跳转到登录页面resp.sendRedirect("blog_login.html");}
}
2.2.3.3 作者查询接口
创建一个AuthorServlet类继承HttpServlet类,重写doGet()方法实现通过前端传输的用户id获取用户信息。
具体实现如下:
package api;import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import model.Blog;
import model.BlogDao;
import model.User;
import model.UserDao;import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;/*** @author zq*/
@WebServlet("/author")
public class AuthorServlet extends HttpServlet {private ObjectMapper objectMapper;@Overrideprotected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {//博客详情页根据博客id获取用户,由于是queryString所以getParameter就能拿到String blogId = req.getParameter("blogId");if (blogId==null){resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf8");resp.getWriter().write("参数非法缺少blogID");return;}//根据·blogId查询blog对象BlogDao blogDao = new BlogDao();Blog blog = blogDao.selectById(Integer.parseInt(blogId));if (blog==null){//说明没找到resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf8");resp.getWriter().write("没有找到指定博客;blogId=" + blogId);}UserDao userDao = new UserDao();User author = userDao.selecetById(blog.getUserId());String respJson = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(author);resp.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf8");resp.getWriter().write(respJson);}
}
2.2.3.4 博客接口
创建一个BlogServlet类继承HttpServlet类,重写doGet()方法实现通过判断博客id是否存在确定获取所有博客还是博客详情,重写Post()方法实现博客发布功能。
具体实现如下:
package api;import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import model.Blog;
import model.BlogDao;
import model.User;import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;/*** @author zq*/
//实现前后端交互的代码@WebServlet("/blog")
public class BlogServlet extends HttpServlet {private ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();//加载页面时显示所有博客查询数据库@Overrideprotected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {BlogDao blogDao = new BlogDao();//尝试获取一下queryString中的blogId字段String blogId = req.getParameter("blogId");if (blogId==null){//说明本次获取的是列表页List<Blog> blogs = blogDao.selectAll();//将blogs转成符合要求的json格式字符串String respJson = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(blogs);resp.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf8");resp.getWriter().write(respJson);}else {//存在,说明此处获取的是博客内容页//根据id查询博客Blog blog = blogDao.selectById(Integer.parseInt(blogId));//可能存在博客Id不存在的情况if(blog==null){System.out.println("当前blogId=" +blogId+ "对应的博客不存在");}String respJson = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(blog);resp.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf8");resp.getWriter().write(respJson);}}@Override //实现发布博客protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {//读取请求,构造blog对象,插入数据库1即可HttpSession httpSession = req.getSession(false);if (httpSession==null){resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf8");resp.getWriter().write("当前未登录,无法发布博客");return;}User user = (User) httpSession.getAttribute("user");if (user==null){resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf8");resp.getWriter().write("当前未登录,无法发布博客");return;}//在登录状态时,就拿到作者//获取博客正文和标题,此时需要指定字符集,然后通过指定的字符集插入数据库req.setCharacterEncoding("utf8");String title = req.getParameter("title");String content = req.getParameter("content");if (title==null||"".equals(title)||content==null||"".equals(content)){resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf8");resp.getWriter().write("当前数据为空,无法发布博客");return;}//不为空时构造blog对象然后插入到数据库Blog blog = new Blog();blog.setContent(content);blog.setTitle(title);blog.setUserId(user.getUserId());BlogDao blogDao = new BlogDao();blogDao.add(blog);//blog里面的新增博客方法//跳转到博客列表页resp.sendRedirect("blog_list.html");}
}
2.2.3.4 删除博客接口
创建一个delBlogServlet类继承HttpServlet类,重写doGet()方法实现通过判断用户是否是登录并且用户是否是博客作者,确定是否能够删除博客。
具体实现如下:
package api;import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import model.Blog;
import model.BlogDao;
import model.User;import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;/*** @author zq*/
@WebServlet("/delBlog")
public class delBlogServlet extends HttpServlet {//private ObjectMapper objectMapper;@Overrideprotected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {//1.首先判断是否登录HttpSession session = req.getSession(false);if (session==null){resp.setStatus(403);resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");resp.getWriter().write("当前未登录请登录");return;}//获取到当前用户User user = (User) session.getAttribute("user");//2.判断用户是否为空if (user==null){resp.setStatus(403);resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");resp.getWriter().write("当前未登录请登录");return;}BlogDao blogDao = new BlogDao();//3.尝试获取一下queryString中的blogId字段,判断博客是否存在String blogId = req.getParameter("blogId");//查询到博客对象Blog blog = blogDao.selectById(Integer.parseInt(blogId));if (blogId==null){resp.setStatus(404);resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf8");resp.getWriter().write("博客数据不存在");return;}//4.判断登录用户是否是作者if (blog.getUserId()!= user.getUserId()){resp.setStatus(403);resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");resp.getWriter().write("当前不能删除别人的博客");return;}//根据博客Id删除博客blogDao.delete(Integer.parseInt(blogId));resp.sendRedirect("blog_list.html");}
}
3. 小结
本项目可以在我的gitee上查看源码,后续会通过SSM框架重新实现并完善博客系统功能。https://gitee.com/zxxqqa/blog_system