安装oracle19c单机没有显示缺少包，但应用补丁时导致失败，

1、缺少fuser命令

orcl:@db> opatch apply
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 12.2.0.1.40
Copyright (c) 2023, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.

Oracle Home       : /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
Central Inventory : /u01/app/oraInventory
   from           : /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/oraInst.loc
OPatch version    : 12.2.0.1.40
OUI version       : 12.2.0.7.0
Log file location : /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2023-11-01_00-10-08AM_1.log

Verifying environment and performing prerequisite checks...
Prerequisite check "CheckSystemCommandAvailable" failed.
The details are:
Missing command :fuser
UtilSession failed:
Prerequisite check "CheckSystemCommandAvailable" failed.
Log file location: /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2023-11-01_00-10-08AM_1.log

OPatch failed with error code 73
orcl:@db>

处理办法：#yum -y install psmisc

2、缺少perl

orcl:@db> opatch apply
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 12.2.0.1.40
Copyright (c) 2023, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.

Oracle Home       : /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
Central Inventory : /u01/app/oraInventory
   from           : /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/oraInst.loc
OPatch version    : 12.2.0.1.40
OUI version       : 12.2.0.7.0
Log file location : /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2023-11-01_00-27-08AM_1.log

Verifying environment and performing prerequisite checks...
OPatch continues with these patches:   35648XXX  

Do you want to proceed? [y|n]
y
User Responded with: Y
All checks passed.

Please shutdown Oracle instances running out of this ORACLE_HOME on the local system.
(Oracle Home = '/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1')

Is the local system ready for patching? [y|n]
y
User Responded with: Y
Backing up files...
Applying interim patch '35648XXX' to OH '/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1'

Patching component oracle.javavm.server, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.javavm.server.core, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.rdbms.dbscripts, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.rdbms, 19.0.0.0.0...

Patching component oracle.javavm.client, 19.0.0.0.0...
Make failed to invoke "/usr/bin/make -f ins_rdbms.mk javavm_refresh ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1 OPATCH_SESSION=apply"....'make: perl: Command not found
make: *** [javavm_refresh] Error 127
'

The following make actions have failed :

Re-link fails on target "javavm_refresh".

Do you want to proceed? [y|n]
y
User Responded with: Y
Patch 35648110 successfully applied.
OPatch Session completed with warnings.
Log file location: /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2023-11-0100-27-08AM_1.log

OPatch completed with warnings.

处理办法：#yum -y install perl