SyntaxHighlighter用于指定应如何突出显示特定范围的文本，ColorSettingPage可以定义颜色。
一、Syntax Highter
1、文本属性键
TextAttributesKey用于指定应如何突出显示特定范围的文本。不同类型的数据比如关键字、数字、字符串等如果要突出显示都需要创建一个TextAttributesKey实例。一个类型如果拥有多个TextAttributesKey突出显示时可以分层——例如，一个键可以定义类型的粗体和另一种颜色。
2、颜色设置
EditorColorsScheme用来定义一个编辑器要使用哪些TextAttributesKey。这些是可以通过Settings | Editor | Color Scheme 来设置的。可通过com.intellij.colorSettingsPage进行扩展。
另外 File | Export | Files or Selection to HTML 也采用了同样的配色方案。颜色设置可以参考示例：
final class PropertiesColorsPage implements ColorSettingsPage {private static final AttributesDescriptor[] ATTRS;static {ATTRS = Arrays.stream(PropertiesComponent.values()).map(component -> new AttributesDescriptor(component.getMessagePointer(), component.getTextAttributesKey())).toArray(AttributesDescriptor[]::new);}@Override@NotNullpublic String getDisplayName() {return OptionsBundle.message("properties.options.display.name");}@Overridepublic Icon getIcon() {return AllIcons.FileTypes.Properties;}@Overridepublic AttributesDescriptor @NotNull [] getAttributeDescriptors() {return ATTRS;}@Overridepublic ColorDescriptor @NotNull [] getColorDescriptors() {return ColorDescriptor.EMPTY_ARRAY;}@Override@NotNullpublic SyntaxHighlighter getHighlighter() {return new PropertiesHighlighter();}@Override@NotNullpublic String getDemoText() {return """# This comment starts with '#'greetings=Hello! This comment starts with '!'what\\=to\\=greet : \\'W\\o\\rld\\',\\tUniverse\\n\\uXXXX""";}@Overridepublic Map<String, TextAttributesKey> getAdditionalHighlightingTagToDescriptorMap() {return null;}
}3、词法分析器
SyntaxHighlighter提供了第一级的语法高亮级别功能，语法高亮器返回TextAttributesKey每个标记类型的实例都可以特别高亮显示。可参考示例：
public class PropertiesHighlighter extends SyntaxHighlighterBase {@Override@NotNullpublic Lexer getHighlightingLexer() {return new PropertiesHighlightingLexer();}@Overridepublic TextAttributesKey @NotNull [] getTokenHighlights(IElementType tokenType) {final PropertiesComponent type = PropertiesComponent.getByTokenType(tokenType);TextAttributesKey key = null;if (type != null) {key = type.getTextAttributesKey();}return SyntaxHighlighterBase.pack(key);}public enum PropertiesComponent {PROPERTY_KEY(TextAttributesKey.createTextAttributesKey("PROPERTIES.KEY", DefaultLanguageHighlighterColors.KEYWORD),PropertiesBundle.messagePointer("options.properties.attribute.descriptor.property.key"),PropertiesTokenTypes.KEY_CHARACTERS),PROPERTY_VALUE(TextAttributesKey.createTextAttributesKey("PROPERTIES.VALUE", DefaultLanguageHighlighterColors.STRING),PropertiesBundle.messagePointer("options.properties.attribute.descriptor.property.value"),PropertiesTokenTypes.VALUE_CHARACTERS),PROPERTY_COMMENT(TextAttributesKey.createTextAttributesKey("PROPERTIES.LINE_COMMENT", DefaultLanguageHighlighterColors.LINE_COMMENT),PropertiesBundle.messagePointer("options.properties.attribute.descriptor.comment"),PropertiesTokenTypes.END_OF_LINE_COMMENT),PROPERTY_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR(TextAttributesKey.createTextAttributesKey("PROPERTIES.KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR", DefaultLanguageHighlighterColors.OPERATION_SIGN),PropertiesBundle.messagePointer("options.properties.attribute.descriptor.key.value.separator"),PropertiesTokenTypes.KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR),PROPERTIES_VALID_STRING_ESCAPE(TextAttributesKey.createTextAttributesKey("PROPERTIES.VALID_STRING_ESCAPE", DefaultLanguageHighlighterColors.VALID_STRING_ESCAPE),PropertiesBundle.messagePointer("options.properties.attribute.descriptor.valid.string.escape"),StringEscapesTokenTypes.VALID_STRING_ESCAPE_TOKEN),PROPERTIES_INVALID_STRING_ESCAPE(TextAttributesKey.createTextAttributesKey("PROPERTIES.INVALID_STRING_ESCAPE", DefaultLanguageHighlighterColors.INVALID_STRING_ESCAPE),PropertiesBundle.messagePointer("options.properties.attribute.descriptor.invalid.string.escape"),StringEscapesTokenTypes.INVALID_UNICODE_ESCAPE_TOKEN);private static final Map<IElementType, PropertiesComponent> elementTypeToComponent;private static final Map<TextAttributesKey, PropertiesComponent> textAttributeKeyToComponent;static {elementTypeToComponent = Arrays.stream(values()).collect(Collectors.toMap(PropertiesComponent::getTokenType, Function.identity()));textAttributeKeyToComponent = Arrays.stream(values()).collect(Collectors.toMap(PropertiesComponent::getTextAttributesKey, Function.identity()));}private final TextAttributesKey myTextAttributesKey;private final Supplier<@Nls String> myMessagePointer;private final IElementType myTokenType;PropertiesComponent(TextAttributesKey textAttributesKey, Supplier<@Nls String> messagePointer, IElementType tokenType) {myTextAttributesKey = textAttributesKey;myMessagePointer = messagePointer;myTokenType = tokenType;}public TextAttributesKey getTextAttributesKey() {return myTextAttributesKey;}Supplier<@Nls String> getMessagePointer() {return myMessagePointer;}IElementType getTokenType() {return myTokenType;}static PropertiesComponent getByTokenType(IElementType tokenType) {return elementTypeToComponent.get(tokenType);}static PropertiesComponent getByTextAttribute(TextAttributesKey textAttributesKey) {return textAttributeKeyToComponent.get(textAttributesKey);}static @Nls String getDisplayName(TextAttributesKey key) {final PropertiesComponent component = getByTextAttribute(key);if (component == null) return null;return component.getMessagePointer().get();}static @Nls HighlightSeverity getSeverity(TextAttributesKey key) {final PropertiesComponent component = getByTextAttribute(key);return component == PROPERTIES_INVALID_STRING_ESCAPE? HighlightSeverity.WARNING: null;}}}语义高亮
语义突出显示其实是提供了一个额外的着色层，以改善几个相关项（例如，方法参数、局部变量）的视觉区分。可实现com.intellij.highlightVisitor扩展点，这里的颜色设置要实现RainbowColorSettingsPage接口。
4、解析器
第二级错误突出显示发生在解析期间。如果根据语言的语法，特定的标记序列是无效的，则PsiBuilder.error()方法可以突出显示无效标记并显示一条错误消息，说明它们无效的原因。
5、注释器
第三层高亮是通过Annotator接口实现。一个插件可以在扩展点中注册一个或多个注释器com.intellij.annotator，这些注释器在后台高亮过程中被调用，以处理自定义语言的 PSI 树中的元素。属性language应设置为此注释器适用的语言 ID。
注释器不仅可以分析语法，还可以用于 PSI 分析语义，因此可以提供更复杂的语法和错误突出显示逻辑。注释器还可以为其检测到的问题提供快速修复。文件更改时，将增量调用注释器以仅处理 PSI 树中更改的元素。
错误/警告
大体的代码实现如下：
holder.newAnnotation(HighlightSeverity.WARNING,"Invalid code") // or HighlightSeverity.ERROR.withFix(new MyFix(psiElement)).create();句法
大体的代码实现如下：
holder.newSilentAnnotation(HighlightSeverity.INFORMATION).range(rangeToHighlight).textAttributes(MyHighlighter.EXTRA_HIGHLIGHT_ATTRIBUTE).create();完整的示例可参考：
public class PropertiesAnnotator implements Annotator {private static final ExtensionPointName<DuplicatePropertyKeyAnnotationSuppressor>EP_NAME = ExtensionPointName.create("com.intellij.properties.duplicatePropertyKeyAnnotationSuppressor");@Overridepublic void annotate(@NotNull PsiElement element, @NotNull AnnotationHolder holder) {if (!(element instanceof Property property)) return;PropertiesFile propertiesFile = property.getPropertiesFile();final String key = property.getUnescapedKey();if (key == null) return;Collection<IProperty> others = propertiesFile.findPropertiesByKey(key);ASTNode keyNode = ((PropertyImpl)property).getKeyNode();if (keyNode == null) return;if (others.size() != 1 &&EP_NAME.findFirstSafe(suppressor -> suppressor.suppressAnnotationFor(property)) == null) {holder.newAnnotation(HighlightSeverity.ERROR,PropertiesBundle.message("duplicate.property.key.error.message")).range(keyNode).withFix(PropertiesQuickFixFactory.getInstance().createRemovePropertyFix(property)).create();}highlightTokens(property, keyNode, holder, new PropertiesHighlighter());ASTNode valueNode = ((PropertyImpl)property).getValueNode();if (valueNode != null) {highlightTokens(property, valueNode, holder, new PropertiesValueHighlighter());}}private static void highlightTokens(final Property property, final ASTNode node, final AnnotationHolder holder, PropertiesHighlighter highlighter) {Lexer lexer = highlighter.getHighlightingLexer();final String s = node.getText();lexer.start(s);while (lexer.getTokenType() != null) {IElementType elementType = lexer.getTokenType();TextAttributesKey[] keys = highlighter.getTokenHighlights(elementType);for (TextAttributesKey key : keys) {final String displayName = PropertiesComponent.getDisplayName(key);final HighlightSeverity severity = PropertiesComponent.getSeverity(key);if (severity != null && displayName != null) {int start = lexer.getTokenStart() + node.getTextRange().getStartOffset();int end = lexer.getTokenEnd() + node.getTextRange().getStartOffset();TextRange textRange = new TextRange(start, end);TextAttributes attributes = EditorColorsManager.getInstance().getGlobalScheme().getAttributes(key);AnnotationBuilder builder = holder.newAnnotation(severity, displayName).range(textRange).enforcedTextAttributes(attributes);int startOffset = textRange.getStartOffset();if (key == PropertiesComponent.PROPERTIES_INVALID_STRING_ESCAPE.getTextAttributesKey()) {builder = builder.withFix(new IntentionAction() {@Override@NotNullpublic String getText() {return PropertiesBundle.message("unescape");}@Override@NotNullpublic String getFamilyName() {return getText();}@Overridepublic boolean isAvailable(@NotNull Project project, Editor editor, PsiFile file) {if (!BaseIntentionAction.canModify(file)) return false;String text = file.getText();return text.length() > startOffset && text.charAt(startOffset) == '\\';}@Overridepublic void invoke(@NotNull Project project, Editor editor, PsiFile file) {if (file.getText().charAt(startOffset) == '\\') {editor.getDocument().deleteString(startOffset, startOffset + 1);}}@Overridepublic boolean startInWriteAction() {return true;}});}builder.create();}}lexer.advance();}}
}二、示例
1、定义SyntaxHighlighterFactory
public class SimpleSyntaxHighlighter extends SyntaxHighlighterBase {public static final TextAttributesKey SEPARATOR =createTextAttributesKey("SIMPLE_SEPARATOR", DefaultLanguageHighlighterColors.OPERATION_SIGN);public static final TextAttributesKey KEY =createTextAttributesKey("SIMPLE_KEY", DefaultLanguageHighlighterColors.KEYWORD);public static final TextAttributesKey VALUE =createTextAttributesKey("SIMPLE_VALUE", DefaultLanguageHighlighterColors.STRING);public static final TextAttributesKey COMMENT =createTextAttributesKey("SIMPLE_COMMENT", DefaultLanguageHighlighterColors.LINE_COMMENT);public static final TextAttributesKey BAD_CHARACTER =createTextAttributesKey("SIMPLE_BAD_CHARACTER", HighlighterColors.BAD_CHARACTER);private static final TextAttributesKey[] BAD_CHAR_KEYS = new TextAttributesKey[]{BAD_CHARACTER};private static final TextAttributesKey[] SEPARATOR_KEYS = new TextAttributesKey[]{SEPARATOR};private static final TextAttributesKey[] KEY_KEYS = new TextAttributesKey[]{KEY};private static final TextAttributesKey[] VALUE_KEYS = new TextAttributesKey[]{VALUE};private static final TextAttributesKey[] COMMENT_KEYS = new TextAttributesKey[]{COMMENT};private static final TextAttributesKey[] EMPTY_KEYS = new TextAttributesKey[0];@NotNull@Overridepublic Lexer getHighlightingLexer() {return new SimpleLexerAdapter();}@Overridepublic TextAttributesKey @NotNull [] getTokenHighlights(IElementType tokenType) {if (tokenType.equals(SimpleTypes.SEPARATOR)) {return SEPARATOR_KEYS;}if (tokenType.equals(SimpleTypes.KEY)) {return KEY_KEYS;}if (tokenType.equals(SimpleTypes.VALUE)) {return VALUE_KEYS;}if (tokenType.equals(SimpleTypes.COMMENT)) {return COMMENT_KEYS;}if (tokenType.equals(TokenType.BAD_CHARACTER)) {return BAD_CHAR_KEYS;}return EMPTY_KEYS;}}<extensions defaultExtensionNs="com.intellij"><lang.syntaxHighlighterFactorylanguage="Simple"implementationClass="org.intellij.sdk.language.SimpleSyntaxHighlighterFactory"/>
</extensions>2、定义颜色设置界面
public class SimpleColorSettingsPage implements ColorSettingsPage {private static final AttributesDescriptor[] DESCRIPTORS = new AttributesDescriptor[]{new AttributesDescriptor("Key", SimpleSyntaxHighlighter.KEY),new AttributesDescriptor("Separator", SimpleSyntaxHighlighter.SEPARATOR),new AttributesDescriptor("Value", SimpleSyntaxHighlighter.VALUE),new AttributesDescriptor("Bad value", SimpleSyntaxHighlighter.BAD_CHARACTER)};@Nullable@Overridepublic Icon getIcon() {return SimpleIcons.FILE;}@NotNull@Overridepublic SyntaxHighlighter getHighlighter() {return new SimpleSyntaxHighlighter();}@NotNull@Overridepublic String getDemoText() {return "# You are reading the \".properties\" entry.\n" +"! The exclamation mark can also mark text as comments.\n" +"website = https://en.wikipedia.org/\n" +"language = English\n" +"# The backslash below tells the application to continue reading\n" +"# the value onto the next line.\n" +"message = Welcome to \\\n" +" Wikipedia!\n" +"# Add spaces to the key\n" +"key\\ with\\ spaces = This is the value that could be looked up with the key \"key with spaces\".\n" +"# Unicode\n" +"tab : \\u0009";}@Nullable@Overridepublic Map<String, TextAttributesKey> getAdditionalHighlightingTagToDescriptorMap() {return null;}@Overridepublic AttributesDescriptor @NotNull [] getAttributeDescriptors() {return DESCRIPTORS;}@Overridepublic ColorDescriptor @NotNull [] getColorDescriptors() {return ColorDescriptor.EMPTY_ARRAY;}@NotNull@Overridepublic String getDisplayName() {return "Simple";}}支持通过用 分隔节点来对运算符或大括号等相关属性进行分组//，例如：
AttributesDescriptor[] DESCRIPTORS = new AttributesDescriptor[] {new AttributesDescriptor("Operators//Plus", MySyntaxHighlighter.PLUS),new AttributesDescriptor("Operators//Minus", MySyntaxHighlighter.MINUS),new AttributesDescriptor("Operators//Advanced//Sigma", MySyntaxHighlighter.SIGMA),new AttributesDescriptor("Operators//Advanced//Pi", MySyntaxHighlighter.PI),//...
};<extensions defaultExtensionNs="com.intellij"><colorSettingsPageimplementation="org.intellij.sdk.language.SimpleColorSettingsPage"/>
</extensions>3、测试运行
颜色配置页面可从Settings | Editor | Color Scheme | Simple查看。如下图：
检测问题解析最全】)
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、参数的传递、浅拷贝和深拷贝、参数的几种类型 】(十一))
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