随着科技的发展，电力已成为最重要的资源之一，如何保证电力的供应对于国民经济发展和人民生活水平的提高都有非常重要的意义。在电能输送过程中，电力变压器是整个过程中最重要的一个基本元素，在电力系统中的输送和分配中被广泛应用。电能在输送过程中损失的大小，是由变压器所带负荷的大小和其自身的损失以及它是否处于经济运行状态来决定的。故变压器的运行状态、运行方式的优劣的选择直接影响了整个电力系统的运行和投资。而决定变压器是否经济运行的主要因素包括变压器本身损耗的电能，以及空载无功损耗、短路无功损耗、变压器容量等。

方案评价分为能效评价和经济运行区评价。能效评价指变压器的空载损耗和负载损耗能否达到能效标准所规定值，通过能效评价，判断变压器选型是否合理，为规划提供依据；经济运行评价是指在某个负荷水平变压器的负载率是否在最佳经济运行区运行，通过经济运行区评价，分析判断变压器是轻载还是重载。如果轻载，结合变压器运行方式优化，考虑停运；如果重载，可以通过改切线路，调整负荷或新增变压器来改变。

最后提出运行方案包括以下内容：变压器运行区控制在最佳经济运行区内； 对低于最佳经济运行区的变压器，在满足可靠性基础上建议停运；对运行在最佳经济运行区内的变压器，定期进行变压器运行方式分析，在满足可靠性基础上，选择最节能的运行方式；尽快完善母线自投和变压器互投设备，为变压器优化运行方式创造条件。

关键词：变压器；经济运行；效益分析；方案

Abstract

With the development of science and technology, electric power has become one of the most important resources. How to ensure the supply of electric power is of great significance to the development of national economy and the improvement of people's living standards. In the process of electric energy transmission, power transformer is one of the most important basic elements in the whole process, and is widely used in the transmission and distribution of power system. The loss of electric energy in the process of transmission is determined by the load of the transformer and its own loss as well as whether it is in the state of economic operation. Therefore, the choice of transformer operation state and operation mode directly affects the operation and investment of the whole power system. The main factors that determine whether the transformer runs economically include the electric energy lost by the transformer itself, no-load reactive power loss, short-circuit reactive power loss, transformer capacity and so on.

Due to the improvement of domestic people's living standards, the continuous progress of science and technology, constantly improve the control, so as to promote the transformer design technology in the field of electrical system to occupy the dominant position, but also make the power transformer is widely used. In the field of power transformer system design, economic operation research has become a beautiful landscape, because its design resources are numerous, the development needs are significant, the most important is the low cost, control in the range of users can afford, so power transformer design has gradually become the focus of attention of the world. With the continuous innovation in the field of power transformer system, the number of more and more, and gradually become the focus of research, so the new generation of us to seriously study the composition of power transformer control system.

The scheme evaluation is divided into energy efficiency evaluation and economic operation zone evaluation. Energy efficiency evaluation refers to whether the no-load loss and load loss of the transformer can reach the specified value of the energy efficiency standard. Through the energy efficiency evaluation, the transformer selection is judged to be reasonable and provides a basis for planning. Economic operation evaluation refers to whether the transformer load rate at a certain load level runs in the optimal economic operation zone, and analyzes and judges whether the transformer is light load or heavy load through the economic operation zone evaluation. If light load, combined with transformer operation mode optimization, consider outage; If the load is heavy, it can be changed by changing the line, adjusting the load or adding a transformer.

Finally, the operation scheme includes the following contents: transformer operation zone is controlled in the optimal economic operation zone; For transformers below the optimal economic operation zone, it is recommended to stop operation on the basis of satisfying reliability. For the transformers running in the best economic operation area, the transformer operation mode is analyzed regularly, and the most energy saving operation mode is selected based on the reliability. Improve the busbar self-switching and transformer mutual switching equipment as soon as possible to create conditions for transformer optimization operation mode.

Key words: Transformer; Economic operation; Benefit analysis; plan

目录

摘要............................................................................................................................ 1

第一章 绪论............................................................................................................. 1

1.1 概述............................................................................................................ 1

1.2 变压器技术的现状................................................................................... 2

1.3 变压器经济运行的研究意义.................................................................. 4

1.4 课题的研究内容及章节安排.................................................................. 5

第二章 变压器结构及工作原理........................................................................... 5

2.1 变压器基本结构....................................................................................... 5

2.2 变压器的工作原理................................................................................... 6

第三章 双绕组变压器经济运行........................................................................... 7

3.1 双绕组变压器功率损耗计算.................................................................. 7

3.2 双绕组变压器经济运行区...................................................................... 8

3.2.1 双绕组变压器的经济负载系数.................................................. 8

3.2.2 双绕组变压器的运行区间划分.................................................. 9

3.2.3 在不同运行方式下的双绕组变压器经济运行....................... 10

第四章 三绕组变压器经济运行......................................................................... 11

4.1 三绕组变压器功率损耗计算................................................................ 11

4.2 三绕组变压器经济运行区.................................................................... 13

4.2.1 三绕组变压器的经济负载系数................................................ 13

4.2.2 三绕组变压器最优经济负载系数算例.................................... 13

4.2.3 在不同运行方式下的三绕组变压器经济运行....................... 15

第五章  变压器经济运行建模仿真................................................................... 15

5.1 变压器经济运行建模............................................................................. 15

5.2 变压器经济运行模型仿真.................................................................... 16

5.3 仿真总结.................................................................................................. 17

第六章  结束语..................................................................................................... 18

参考文献................................................................................................................. 18

致    谢................................................................................................................. 19

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