sqlx执行案例

SQLx简介

SQLx是Rust语言中的一个异步SQL数据库连接库，它支持多种数据库，如PostgreSQL、MySQL和SQLite。SQLx提供了简单的API和异步执行查询的能力，使得Rust程序员可以轻松地与数据库交互1。

本章节以PostgreSQL为例。

目录结构

cargo.toml配置文件

[package]
name = "rust_model"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"[dependencies]
tokio = {version = "1.37.0",features = ["full"]}
sqlx = { version = "0.7.4",features = ["postgres", "runtime-tokio-rustls","macros","chrono"]}
dotenv = {version = "0.15.0"}
chrono={version = "0.4.38", features = ["serde"]}
serde={version = "1.0.200", features = ["derive"]}
actix-web = "4.0.4"
actix-rt = "2.9.0"[[example]]
name = "rustSQLx"
path = "examples/SQL/rustSQLx.rs"
doc-scrape-examples = true[package.metadata.example.rustSQLx]
name = "Create SQL Database"
description = "demonstrates SQLx database create"
category = "SQL Rendering"
wasm = true

.env环境变量配置文件

DATABASE_URL=postgres://postgres:123456@127.0.0.1:5432/library

假设已有数据库library，创建表

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS course;
CREATE TABLE course (id INT8 NOT NULL,teacher_id INT4 NOT NULL,name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,time DATE DEFAULT NOW()
);
INSERT INTO course VALUES (1, 11, 'cml', '2022-03-25');
INSERT INTO course VALUES (2, 22, 'cc', '2022-03-25');
INSERT INTO course VALUES (3, 33, 'mm', '2022-03-25');
ALTER TABLE course ADD CONSTRAINT course_pkey PRIMARY KEY (id);

rustSQLx.rs执行文件

use chrono::NaiveDate;
use dotenv::dotenv;
use sqlx::postgres::PgPoolOptions;
use std::env;
use rand::Rng;#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct Course {pub id: i64,pub teacher_id: i32,pub name: String,pub time: Option<NaiveDate>,
}#[actix_rt::main]
async fn main() -> Result<(), sqlx::Error> {dotenv().ok();// 读取所有的环境变量// for (key, value) in env::vars() {//     println!("环境变量内容：{}: {}", key, value);// }let connection_str = env::var("DATABASE_URL").expect("数据库连接字符串获取失败，请检查env文件是否已配置数据库连接字符串");// println!("数据库连接字符串是：{}", connection_str);let pool = PgPoolOptions::new().max_connections(5).connect(&connection_str).await?;println!("db_pool is : {:?}", pool);//查询所有let list = sqlx::query!("select * from course").fetch_all(&pool).await?;let mut vec = vec![];for row in list {vec.push(Course {id: row.id,teacher_id: row.teacher_id,name: row.name,time: row.time,})}println!("数据库中的所有数据：{:#?}", vec);//查询单个let list2 = sqlx::query!(r#"select * from course where id = $1"#, 1).fetch_all(&pool).await?;let mut vec2 = vec![];for row in list2 {vec2.push(Course {id: row.id,teacher_id: row.teacher_id,name: row.name,time: row.time,})}println!("查询单个{:#?}", vec2);let mut rng = rand::thread_rng();println!("Random i32: {}", rng.gen::<i32>());let upc = Course{id: rng.gen::<i64>(),teacher_id: rng.gen::<i32>(),name: "YinThunder".to_string(),time: None,};// 增加let insert = sqlx::query!(r#"INSERT INTO course VALUES ($1, $2, $3)"#,upc.id as i32,upc.teacher_id,upc.name).fetch_all(&pool).await?;// 更新let update = sqlx::query!(r#"UPDATE course SET name=$1 WHERE id = $2"#, "Amy",1).fetch_all(&pool).await?;//删除let delete = sqlx::query!(r#"DELETE FROM course WHERE id = $1"#, 2).fetch_all(&pool).await?;Ok(())
}

命令行执行