文章目录
- Linux网络编程之TCP
- 1、TCP协议的简单认识
- 2、TCP网络编程接口
- 2.1、socket
- 2.2、bind
- 2.3、listen
- 2.4、accept
- 2.5、connect
- 3、简单的TCP网络程序
- 3.1、服务器响应程序
- 3.2、服务器执行命令行
- 4、TCP客户端connect断线重连
- 5、应用层自定义协议以及序列化和反序列化
Linux网络编程之TCP
1、TCP协议的简单认识
传输层协议
有连接
可靠传输
面向字节流
2、TCP网络编程接口
2.1、socket
#include <sys/types.h> /* See NOTES */ #include <sys/socket.h>int socket(int domain, int type, int protocol);
该接口和UDP一样,首先我们得先创建socket套接字。
用法不一样的是传入参数不同。
UDP传入的type是SOCK_DGRAM,表示无连接不可靠数据报的传输层协议。
那TCP传入的type是SOCK_STREAM,表示有序、可靠、有连接字节流的传输层协议。
2.2、bind
#include <sys/types.h> /* See NOTES */ #include <sys/socket.h>int bind(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen);
和UDP的用法一致。
绑定本地服务器信息。
2.3、listen
#include <sys/types.h> /* See NOTES */ #include <sys/socket.h>int listen(int sockfd, int backlog);
这个接口是UDP没有的。
listen接口是监听是否有客户端发器连接,如果有,则给accept接口说可以建立连接。
2.4、accept
#include <sys/types.h> /* See NOTES */ #include <sys/socket.h>int accept(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen);
这个接口是UDP没有的。
accept接口是和客户端建立连接,成功建立连接则返回一个新的文件描述符!
这里举一个生活例子来说明listen和accept的关系:
假设有一家饭馆,有一个招揽客人的服务员张三,还有多个带客人进饭店某个桌子的服务员李四王五等。服务员张三只负责招揽客人,如果有客人想进来吃饭,那么张三就会叫李四王五等服务员带客人去指定桌子吃饭,然后张三再继续招揽客人,李四王五等人只管服务他们带进来的指定客人,知道他们吃完。当然客人进饭店了看了环境可能不想吃了,然后又不吃了。那么这里的张三就是listen,李四王五等人就是accept后的新文件描述符newsockfd1,newsockfd2等。
2.5、connect
#include <sys/types.h> /* See NOTES */ #include <sys/socket.h>int connect(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen);
这个接口是UDP没有的。
connect是客户端向服务器发起连接的接口。
3、简单的TCP网络程序
3.1、服务器响应程序
和UDP服务器响应程序一样,客户端发什么就回什么,只不过多了建立连接的步骤。
注意:在TcpServer.hpp
文件中,有处理任务的多个版本。
Comm.hpp
文件#pragma once #include "InetAddr.hpp"enum errorcode {CREATE_ERROR = 1,BIND_ERROR,LISTEN_ERROR,SEND_ERROR,RECV_ERROR,CONNECT_ERROR,FORK_ERROR,USAGE_ERROR };#define CONV(ADDR) ((struct sockaddr *)ADDR)std::string CombineIpAndPort(InetAddr addr) {return "[" + addr.Ip() + ":" + std::to_string(addr.Port()) + "] "; }
InetAddr.hpp
文件#pragma once#include <iostream> #include <sys/types.h> /* See NOTES */ #include <sys/socket.h> #include <arpa/inet.h> #include <netinet/in.h> #include <string>class InetAddr {void GetAddress(std::string *ip, uint16_t *port){// char *inet_ntoa(struct in_addr in);*ip = inet_ntoa(_addr.sin_addr);*port = ntohs(_addr.sin_port);}public:InetAddr(const struct sockaddr_in &addr) : _addr(addr){GetAddress(&_ip, &_port);}std::string Ip(){return _ip;}uint16_t Port(){return _port;}bool operator==(InetAddr &addr){return _ip == addr.Ip() && _port == addr.Port();}const struct sockaddr_in& GetAddr(){return _addr;}~InetAddr() {}private:struct sockaddr_in _addr;std::string _ip;uint16_t _port; };
LockGuard.hpp
文件# pragma once#include <pthread.h>class LockGuard { public:LockGuard(pthread_mutex_t *mutex) : _mutex(mutex){pthread_mutex_lock(_mutex); // 构造加锁}~LockGuard(){pthread_mutex_unlock(_mutex); // 析构解锁}private:pthread_mutex_t *_mutex; };
Log.hpp
文件#pragma once#include <string> #include <iostream> #include <fstream> #include <unistd.h> #include <stdarg.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include "LockGuard.hpp"using namespace std;bool isSave = false; // 默认向显示器打印 pthread_mutex_t mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER; #define FILEPATH "./log.txt"enum level {DEBUG = 0,INFO,WARNING,ERROR,FATAL };void SaveToFile(const string &message) {ofstream out(FILEPATH, ios_base::app);if (!out.is_open())return;out << message;out.close(); }std::string LevelToString(int level) {switch (level){case DEBUG:return "Debug";case INFO:return "Info";case WARNING:return "Warning";case ERROR:return "Error";case FATAL:return "Fatal";default:return "Unknow";} }std::string GetTimeString() {time_t curr_time = time(nullptr);struct tm *format_time = localtime(&curr_time);if (format_time == nullptr)return "None";char buff[1024];snprintf(buff, sizeof(buff), "%d-%d-%d %d:%d:%d",format_time->tm_year + 1900,format_time->tm_mon + 1,format_time->tm_mday,format_time->tm_hour,format_time->tm_min,format_time->tm_sec);return buff; }void LogMessage(const std::string filename, int line, bool issave, int level, const char *format, ...) {std::string levelstr = LevelToString(level);std::string timestr = GetTimeString();pid_t pid = getpid();char buff[1024];va_list arg;// int vsnprintf(char *str, size_t size, const char *format, va_list ap); // 使用可变参数va_start(arg, format);vsnprintf(buff, sizeof(buff), format, arg);va_end(arg);LockGuard lock(&mutex);std::string message = "[" + timestr + "]" + "[" + levelstr + "]" + "[pid:" + std::to_string(pid) + "]" + "[" + filename + "]" + "[" + std::to_string(line) + "] " + buff + '\n';if (issave == false)std::cout << message;elseSaveToFile(message); }// 固定文件名和行数 #define LOG(level, format, ...) \do \{ \LogMessage(__FILE__, __LINE__, isSave, level, format, ##__VA_ARGS__); \} while (0)#define EnableScreen() \do \{ \isSave = false; \} while (0)#define EnableFile() \do \{ \isSave = true; \} while (0)void Test(int num, ...) {va_list arg;va_start(arg, num);while (num--){int data = va_arg(arg, int);std::cout << data << " ";}std::cout << std::endl;va_end(arg); }
Main.cc
文件#include <iostream> #include <memory> #include "TcpServer.hpp"void Usage() {// printf("./udp_server serverip serverport\n");printf("Usage : ./udp_server serverport\n"); // ip 已经设置为0 }int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {// if (argc != 3)if (argc != 2){Usage();exit(USAGE_ERROR);}uint16_t serverport = std::stoi(argv[1]);std::unique_ptr<TcpServer> tsvr = std::make_unique<TcpServer>(serverport);tsvr->InitServer();tsvr->Start();return 0; }
Makefile
文件.PHONY:all all:tcp_client tcp_servertcp_client:TcpClient.ccg++ -o $@ $^ -std=c++14 -lpthread tcp_server:Main.ccg++ -o $@ $^ -std=c++14 -lpthread.PHONY:clean clean:rm -f tcp_server tcp_client
TcpClient.cc
文件#include <iostream>#include <strings.h> #include <string.h> #include <sys/types.h> /* See NOTES */ #include <sys/socket.h> #include <netinet/in.h> #include <arpa/inet.h>#include "Comm.hpp" #include "Log.hpp"void Usage() {printf("Usage : ./udp_client serverip serverport\n"); } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {if (argc != 3){Usage();exit(USAGE_ERROR);}std::string serverip = argv[1];uint16_t serverport = std::stoi(argv[2]);int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);if (sockfd < 0){LOG(FATAL, "create sockfd error, error code : %d, error string : %s", errno, strerror(errno));exit(CREATE_ERROR);}LOG(INFO, "create sockfd success");struct sockaddr_in local;bzero(&local, sizeof(local));local.sin_family = AF_INET;local.sin_port = htons(serverport);local.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(serverip.c_str());// 发起连接int n = ::connect(sockfd, CONV(&local), sizeof(local));if (n < 0){LOG(WARNING, "create connect error, error code : %d, error string : %s", errno, strerror(errno));exit(CONNECT_ERROR);}LOG(INFO, "create connect success");// 发收数据while (true){std::cout << "Please Enter# ";// 发送数据std::string message;std::getline(cin, message);int ret = ::send(sockfd, message.c_str(), message.size(), 0);if (ret < 0){LOG(FATAL, "send message error, error code : %d, error string : %s", errno, strerror(errno));exit(SEND_ERROR);}char buff[1024];// 接收数据int m = ::recv(sockfd, buff, sizeof(buff) - 1, 0);if (m > 0){buff[m] = 0;std::cout << "Server Echo$ " << buff << std::endl;}} }
TcpServer.hpp
文件#pragma once#include <sys/types.h> /* See NOTES */ #include <sys/wait.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <arpa/inet.h> #include <netinet/in.h>#include <error.h> #include <string.h> #include <pthread.h> #include <functional>#include "Log.hpp" #include "InetAddr.hpp" #include "Comm.hpp" #include "Threadpool.hpp"const int defaultsockfd = -1; int gbacklog = 16; // 暂时先用using task_t = std::function<void()>;// 声明 class TcpServer;class ThreadData { public:ThreadData(int sockfd, InetAddr addr, TcpServer *self): _sockfd(sockfd), _addr(addr), _self(self) {}~ThreadData() = default;public:int _sockfd;InetAddr _addr;TcpServer *_self; };class TcpServer { public:TcpServer(uint16_t port) : _port(port), _listensock(defaultsockfd), _isrunning(false){}void InitServer(){// 创建_listensock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0); // 这个就是文件描述符if (_listensock < 0){LOG(FATAL, "create sockfd error, error code : %d, error string : %s", errno, strerror(errno));exit(CREATE_ERROR);}LOG(INFO, "create sockfd success");struct sockaddr_in local;bzero(&local, sizeof(local));local.sin_family = AF_INET;local.sin_port = htons(_port);local.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;// 绑定int n = ::bind(_listensock, CONV(&local), sizeof(local));if (n < 0){LOG(FATAL, "bind sockfd error, error code : %d, error string : %s", errno, strerror(errno));exit(BIND_ERROR);}LOG(INFO, "bind sockfd success");}void Service(int sockfd, InetAddr client){while (true){// TCP是字节流(可以使用write和read接口),UDP是数据报char buff[1024];// 接收消息int n = ::read(sockfd, buff, sizeof(buff)); // bug,接收数据可能收到的不完整,比如1+100,可能先收到1+1,再收到00 -- 按序到达std::string clientAddr = CombineIpAndPort(client);if (n > 0){buff[n] = 0;std::string message = clientAddr + buff;LOG(INFO, "get message : \n %s", message.c_str());// 发送消息int m = ::write(sockfd, buff, strlen(buff)); if (m < 0){LOG(FATAL, "send message error ,error code : %d , error string : %s", errno, strerror(errno));exit(SEND_ERROR);}}else if (n == 0){// 发送端不发送数据了LOG(INFO, "%s quit", clientAddr.c_str());break;}else{LOG(FATAL, "recv message error ,error code : %d , error string : %s", errno, strerror(errno));exit(RECV_ERROR);}}::close(sockfd); // 服务结束,关闭文件描述符,避免文件描述符泄漏}static void *HandlerService(void *args){pthread_detach(pthread_self()); // 分离线程ThreadData *td = static_cast<ThreadData *>(args);td->_self->Service(td->_sockfd, td->_addr);delete td;return nullptr;}void Start(){_isrunning = true;while (_isrunning){// 监听int ret = ::listen(_listensock, gbacklog);if (ret < 0){LOG(FATAL, "listen error, error code : %d , error string : %s", errno, strerror(errno));exit(LISTEN_ERROR);}LOG(INFO, "listen success!");struct sockaddr_in peer;socklen_t len = sizeof(peer);// 获取新连接int sockfd = accept(_listensock, CONV(&peer), &len); // 建立连接成功,创建新文件描述符进行通信if (sockfd < 0){LOG(WARNING, "accept error, error code : %d , error string : %s", errno, strerror(errno));continue;}LOG(INFO, "accept success! new sockfd : %d", sockfd);InetAddr addr(peer); // 给后面提供传入的ip、port// 服务 -- 发送和接收数据// V0 -- 单进程// Service(sockfd, addr); // 这里是while死循环,没有运行完就一直运行,下一个请求来的时候得这个while退出才能执行// v1 -- 多进程// int id = fork();// if (id == 0)// {// // 子进程// ::close(_listensock); // 子进程对监听文件描述符不关心// if (fork() > 0)// exit(0); // 子进程创建进程后退出,孙子进程被系统领养,不用等待// Service(sockfd, addr); // 孙子进程执行任务// exit(0);// }// else if (id > 0)// {// ::close(sockfd); // 这里每次关闭的文件描述符都是4,使得每次accept创建的文件描述符都是4,这个4是留个各个子进程(子进程再给孙子进程)的(互不影响)// // 父进程// pid_t rid = waitpid(id, nullptr, 0); // 虽然是阻塞等待,但是子进程是刚创建就退出来了,让孙子进程(孤儿进程)执行任务,接下来继续监听和建立连接// if (rid == id)// {// LOG(INFO, "wait child process success");// }// }// else// {// // 异常// LOG(FATAL, "fork error ,error code : %d , error string : %s", errno, strerror(errno));// exit(FORK_ERROR);// }// v2 -- 多线程// pthread_t tid;// ThreadData *td = new ThreadData(sockfd, addr, this); // 传指针// pthread_create(&tid, nullptr, HandlerService, td); // 这里创建线程后,线程去做执行任务,主线程继续向下执行 , 并且线程不能关闭sockf,线程和进程共享文件描述符表// v3 -- 线程池task_t t = std::bind(&TcpServer::Service, this, sockfd, addr);Threadpool<task_t>::GetInstance()->Enqueue(t);// v4 -- 进程池 -- 不推荐,需要传递文件描述符!}_isrunning = false;}~TcpServer(){if (_listensock > defaultsockfd)::close(_listensock); // 不用了关闭监听}private:uint16_t _port;int _listensock;bool _isrunning; };
Thread.hpp
文件#ifndef __THREAD_HPP__ #define __THREAD_HPP__#include <iostream> #include <string> #include <unistd.h> #include <functional> #include <pthread.h>using namespace std;// 封装Linux线程 namespace ThreadModule {using func_t = function<void(string &)>;class Thread{public:// /* ThreadData* */Thread(func_t<T> func, T data, const string& name = "default name") : _func(func), _data(data), _threadname(name), _stop(true) {}Thread(func_t func, const string &name = "default name") : _func(func), _threadname(name), _stop(true) {}void Execute(){_func(_threadname);// _func(_data);}// 隐含thisstatic void *threadroutine(void *arg){Thread *self = static_cast<Thread *>(arg);self->Execute(); // static 访问不了成员变量return nullptr;}bool Start(){int n = pthread_create(&_tid, nullptr, threadroutine, this);if (!n){_stop = false;return true;}else{return false;}}void Detach(){if (!_stop){pthread_detach(_tid);}}void Join(){if (!_stop){pthread_join(_tid, nullptr);}}string name(){return _threadname;}void Stop(){_stop = true;}// ~Thread() {}private:pthread_t _tid;string _threadname;func_t _func;bool _stop;};} // namespace ThreadModule#endif
Threadpool.hpp
文件#pragma once#include <vector> #include <queue> #include <queue> #include "Thread.hpp" #include <pthread.h> #include "LockGuard.hpp"using namespace ThreadModule;const int NUM = 3;template <typename T> class Threadpool {void LockQueue(pthread_mutex_t &mutex){pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);}void UnLockQueue(pthread_mutex_t &mutex){pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);}void SleepThread(pthread_cond_t &cond, pthread_mutex_t &mutex){pthread_cond_wait(&cond, &mutex);}void WakeUpThread(pthread_cond_t &cond){pthread_cond_signal(&cond);}void WakeUpAll(pthread_cond_t &cond){pthread_cond_broadcast(&_cond);}Threadpool(const int threadnum = NUM) : _threadnum(threadnum), _waitnum(0), _isrunning(false){pthread_mutex_init(&_mutex, nullptr);pthread_cond_init(&_cond, nullptr);LOG(INFO, "Threadpool Constructor successful ! ");}void TaskHandler(string &name){// sleep(1);// cout << name << " : hh " << endl;// sleep(1);LOG(DEBUG, "%s is running", name.c_str());while (true){LockQueue(_mutex);while (_task_queue.empty() && _isrunning){// 等待++_waitnum;SleepThread(_cond, _mutex);--_waitnum;}// 此时一定大于一个线程没有休眠if (_task_queue.empty() && !_isrunning){// 此时任务队列已经没有内容,且此时线程池已经停止UnLockQueue(_mutex);cout << name << " quit ... " << endl;break;}LOG(DEBUG, "%s get task sucessful !", name.c_str());// 其他情况就得处理任务T t = _task_queue.front();_task_queue.pop();UnLockQueue(_mutex);// 处理任务t();// cout << name << " : " << t.stringResult() << endl;// LOG(DEBUG, "%s handler task sucessful ! Result is %s", name.c_str(), t.stringResult().c_str());sleep(1);}}void InitThreadPool(){for (int i = 0; i < _threadnum; ++i){string name = "Thread - " + to_string(i + 1);_threads.emplace_back(bind(&Threadpool::TaskHandler, this, placeholders::_1), name);}_isrunning = true;LOG(INFO, "Init Threadpool successful !");}public:static Threadpool<T> *GetInstance(int threadnum = NUM){if (_instance == nullptr){LockGuard lockguard(&_lock);if (_instance == nullptr){// pthread_mutex_lock(&_lock);// 第一次创建线程池_instance = new Threadpool<T>(threadnum);_instance->InitThreadPool();_instance->Start();LOG(DEBUG, "第一次创建线程池");// pthread_mutex_unlock(&_lock);return _instance;}}LOG(DEBUG, "获取线程池");return _instance;}bool Enqueue(const T &in){bool ret = false;LockQueue(_mutex);if (_isrunning){_task_queue.push(in);if (_waitnum > 0)WakeUpThread(_cond);LOG(DEBUG, "enqueue sucessful...");ret = true;}UnLockQueue(_mutex);return ret;}void Stop(){LockQueue(_mutex);_isrunning = false;if (_waitnum > 0)WakeUpAll(_cond);UnLockQueue(_mutex);}void Start(){for (auto &thread : _threads){thread.Start();LOG(INFO, "%s is start sucessful...", thread.name().c_str());}}void Wait(){for (auto &thread : _threads){thread.Join();LOG(INFO, "%s is quit...", thread.name().c_str());}}~Threadpool(){pthread_mutex_destroy(&_mutex);pthread_cond_destroy(&_cond);LOG(INFO, "delete mutex sucessful !");}private:vector<Thread> _threads;queue<T> _task_queue;int _threadnum;int _waitnum;pthread_mutex_t _mutex; // 互斥访问任务队列pthread_cond_t _cond;bool _isrunning;// 懒汉模式static Threadpool<T> *_instance;static pthread_mutex_t _lock; };template <typename T> Threadpool<T> *Threadpool<T>::_instance = nullptr; template <typename T> pthread_mutex_t Threadpool<T>::_lock = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
- 运行结果:
3.2、服务器执行命令行
Comm.hpp
文件#pragma once #include "InetAddr.hpp"enum errorcode {CREATE_ERROR = 1,BIND_ERROR,LISTEN_ERROR,SEND_ERROR,RECV_ERROR,CONNECT_ERROR,FORK_ERROR,USAGE_ERROR };#define CONV(ADDR) ((struct sockaddr *)ADDR)std::string CombineIpAndPort(InetAddr addr) {return "[" + addr.Ip() + ":" + std::to_string(addr.Port()) + "] "; }
CommandExecute.hpp
文件#pragma once#include <stdio.h> #include <string> #include <vector>bool CheckCommand(std::string command) {std::vector<std::string> cmd = {"kill","rm","dd","top","reboot","shutdown","mv","cp","halt","unlink","exit","chmod"};for (auto &e : cmd){if (command.find(e) != std::string::npos)return false;}return true; }std::string OnCommand(std::string command) {if (!CheckCommand(command)){return "bad man!";}// FILE *popen(const char *command, const char *type);FILE *pp = popen(command.c_str(), "r");if (!pp){return "popen error!";}std::string response;char buff[1024];while (true){// char *fgets(char *s, int size, FILE *stream);char *s = fgets(buff, sizeof(buff), pp);if (!s)break;elseresponse += buff;}pclose(pp);return response.empty() ? "not command" : response; }
InetAddr.hpp
文件#pragma once#include <iostream> #include <sys/types.h> /* See NOTES */ #include <sys/socket.h> #include <arpa/inet.h> #include <netinet/in.h> #include <string>class InetAddr {void GetAddress(std::string *ip, uint16_t *port){// char *inet_ntoa(struct in_addr in);*ip = inet_ntoa(_addr.sin_addr);*port = ntohs(_addr.sin_port);}public:InetAddr(const struct sockaddr_in &addr) : _addr(addr){GetAddress(&_ip, &_port);}std::string Ip(){return _ip;}uint16_t Port(){return _port;}bool operator==(InetAddr &addr){return _ip == addr.Ip() && _port == addr.Port();}const struct sockaddr_in& GetAddr(){return _addr;}~InetAddr() {}private:struct sockaddr_in _addr;std::string _ip;uint16_t _port; };
LockGuard.hpp
文件# pragma once#include <pthread.h>class LockGuard { public:LockGuard(pthread_mutex_t *mutex) : _mutex(mutex){pthread_mutex_lock(_mutex); // 构造加锁}~LockGuard(){pthread_mutex_unlock(_mutex); // 析构解锁}private:pthread_mutex_t *_mutex; };
Log.hpp
文件#pragma once#include <string> #include <iostream> #include <fstream> #include <unistd.h> #include <stdarg.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include "LockGuard.hpp"using namespace std;bool isSave = false; // 默认向显示器打印 pthread_mutex_t mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER; #define FILEPATH "./log.txt"enum level {DEBUG = 0,INFO,WARNING,ERROR,FATAL };void SaveToFile(const string &message) {ofstream out(FILEPATH, ios_base::app);if (!out.is_open())return;out << message;out.close(); }std::string LevelToString(int level) {switch (level){case DEBUG:return "Debug";case INFO:return "Info";case WARNING:return "Warning";case ERROR:return "Error";case FATAL:return "Fatal";default:return "Unknow";} }std::string GetTimeString() {time_t curr_time = time(nullptr);struct tm *format_time = localtime(&curr_time);if (format_time == nullptr)return "None";char buff[1024];snprintf(buff, sizeof(buff), "%d-%d-%d %d:%d:%d",format_time->tm_year + 1900,format_time->tm_mon + 1,format_time->tm_mday,format_time->tm_hour,format_time->tm_min,format_time->tm_sec);return buff; }void LogMessage(const std::string filename, int line, bool issave, int level, const char *format, ...) {std::string levelstr = LevelToString(level);std::string timestr = GetTimeString();pid_t pid = getpid();char buff[1024];va_list arg;// int vsnprintf(char *str, size_t size, const char *format, va_list ap); // 使用可变参数va_start(arg, format);vsnprintf(buff, sizeof(buff), format, arg);va_end(arg);LockGuard lock(&mutex);std::string message = "[" + timestr + "]" + "[" + levelstr + "]" + "[pid:" + std::to_string(pid) + "]" + "[" + filename + "]" + "[" + std::to_string(line) + "] " + buff + '\n';if (issave == false)std::cout << message;elseSaveToFile(message); }// 固定文件名和行数 #define LOG(level, format, ...) \do \{ \LogMessage(__FILE__, __LINE__, isSave, level, format, ##__VA_ARGS__); \} while (0)#define EnableScreen() \do \{ \isSave = false; \} while (0)#define EnableFile() \do \{ \isSave = true; \} while (0)void Test(int num, ...) {va_list arg;va_start(arg, num);while (num--){int data = va_arg(arg, int);std::cout << data << " ";}std::cout << std::endl;va_end(arg); }
Main.cc
文件#include <iostream> #include <memory>#include "TcpServer.hpp" #include "CommandExecute.hpp"void Usage() {// printf("./udp_server serverip serverport\n");printf("Usage : ./udp_server serverport\n"); // ip 已经设置为0 }int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {// if (argc != 3)if (argc != 2){Usage();exit(USAGE_ERROR);}uint16_t serverport = std::stoi(argv[1]);std::unique_ptr<TcpServer> tsvr = std::make_unique<TcpServer>(serverport, OnCommand);tsvr->InitServer();tsvr->Start();return 0; }
Makefile
文件.PHONY:all all:tcp_client tcp_servertcp_client:TcpClient.ccg++ -o $@ $^ -std=c++14 -lpthread tcp_server:Main.ccg++ -o $@ $^ -std=c++14 -lpthread.PHONY:clean clean:rm -f tcp_server tcp_client
TcpClient.cc
文件#include <iostream>#include <strings.h> #include <string.h> #include <sys/types.h> /* See NOTES */ #include <sys/socket.h> #include <netinet/in.h> #include <arpa/inet.h>#include "Comm.hpp" #include "Log.hpp"void Usage() {printf("Usage : ./udp_client serverip serverport\n"); } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {if (argc != 3){Usage();exit(USAGE_ERROR);}std::string serverip = argv[1];uint16_t serverport = std::stoi(argv[2]);int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);if (sockfd < 0){LOG(FATAL, "create sockfd error, error code : %d, error string : %s", errno, strerror(errno));exit(CREATE_ERROR);}LOG(INFO, "create sockfd success");struct sockaddr_in local;bzero(&local, sizeof(local));local.sin_family = AF_INET;local.sin_port = htons(serverport);local.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(serverip.c_str());// 发起连接int n = ::connect(sockfd, CONV(&local), sizeof(local));if (n < 0){LOG(WARNING, "create connect error, error code : %d, error string : %s", errno, strerror(errno));exit(CONNECT_ERROR);}LOG(INFO, "create connect success");// 发收数据while (true){std::cout << "Please Enter# ";// 发送数据std::string message;std::getline(cin, message);int ret = ::send(sockfd, message.c_str(), message.size(), 0);if (ret < 0){LOG(FATAL, "send message error, error code : %d, error string : %s", errno, strerror(errno));exit(SEND_ERROR);}char buff[1024];// 接收数据int m = ::recv(sockfd, buff, sizeof(buff) - 1, 0);if (m > 0){buff[m] = 0;std::cout << "Server Echo$ " << buff << std::endl;}} }
TcpServer.hpp
文件#pragma once#include <sys/types.h> /* See NOTES */ #include <sys/wait.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <arpa/inet.h> #include <netinet/in.h>#include <error.h> #include <string.h> #include <pthread.h> #include <functional>#include "Log.hpp" #include "InetAddr.hpp" #include "Comm.hpp"const int defaultsockfd = -1; int gbacklog = 16; // 暂时先用using callback_t = std::function<std::string(std::string)>;// 声明 class TcpServer;class ThreadData { public:ThreadData(int sockfd, InetAddr addr, TcpServer *self): _sockfd(sockfd), _addr(addr), _self(self) {}~ThreadData() = default;public:int _sockfd;InetAddr _addr;TcpServer *_self; };class TcpServer { public:TcpServer(uint16_t port, callback_t cb) : _port(port), _listensock(defaultsockfd), _isrunning(false), _cb(cb){}void InitServer(){// 创建_listensock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0); // 这个就是文件描述符if (_listensock < 0){LOG(FATAL, "create sockfd error, error code : %d, error string : %s", errno, strerror(errno));exit(CREATE_ERROR);}LOG(INFO, "create sockfd success");struct sockaddr_in local;bzero(&local, sizeof(local));local.sin_family = AF_INET;local.sin_port = htons(_port);local.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;// 绑定int n = ::bind(_listensock, CONV(&local), sizeof(local));if (n < 0){LOG(FATAL, "bind sockfd error, error code : %d, error string : %s", errno, strerror(errno));exit(BIND_ERROR);}LOG(INFO, "bind sockfd success");}void Service(int sockfd, InetAddr client){while (true){// TCP是字节流(可以使用write和read接口),UDP是数据报char buff[1024];// 接收消息int n = ::read(sockfd, buff, sizeof(buff)); // bug,接收数据可能收到的不完整,比如1+100,可能先收到1+1,再收到00 -- 按序到达std::string clientAddr = CombineIpAndPort(client);if (n > 0){buff[n] = 0;std::string message = clientAddr + buff;LOG(INFO, "get message : \n %s", message.c_str());// 发送消息std::string response = _cb(buff); // 回调int m = ::write(sockfd, response.c_str(), response.size());if (m < 0){LOG(FATAL, "send message error ,error code : %d , error string : %s", errno, strerror(errno));exit(SEND_ERROR);}}else if (n == 0){// 发送端不发送数据了LOG(INFO, "%s quit", clientAddr.c_str());break;}else{LOG(FATAL, "recv message error ,error code : %d , error string : %s", errno, strerror(errno));exit(RECV_ERROR);}}::close(sockfd); // 服务结束,关闭文件描述符,避免文件描述符泄漏}static void *HandlerService(void *args){pthread_detach(pthread_self()); // 分离线程ThreadData *td = static_cast<ThreadData *>(args);td->_self->Service(td->_sockfd, td->_addr);delete td;return nullptr;}void Start(){_isrunning = true;while (_isrunning){// 监听int ret = ::listen(_listensock, gbacklog);if (ret < 0){LOG(FATAL, "listen error, error code : %d , error string : %s", errno, strerror(errno));exit(LISTEN_ERROR);}LOG(INFO, "listen success!");struct sockaddr_in peer;socklen_t len = sizeof(peer);// 获取新连接int sockfd = accept(_listensock, CONV(&peer), &len); // 建立连接成功,创建新文件描述符进行通信if (sockfd < 0){LOG(WARNING, "accept error, error code : %d , error string : %s", errno, strerror(errno));continue;}LOG(INFO, "accept success! new sockfd : %d", sockfd);InetAddr addr(peer); // 给后面提供传入的ip、port// 服务 -- 发送和接收数据// v2 -- 多线程pthread_t tid;ThreadData *td = new ThreadData(sockfd, addr, this); // 传指针pthread_create(&tid, nullptr, HandlerService, td); // 这里创建线程后,线程去做执行任务,主线程继续向下执行 , 并且线程不能关闭sockf,线程和进程共享文件描述符表}_isrunning = false;}~TcpServer(){if (_listensock > defaultsockfd)::close(_listensock); // 不用了关闭监听}private:uint16_t _port;int _listensock;bool _isrunning;callback_t _cb; };
- 运行结果:
4、TCP客户端connect断线重连
这里是服务器响应程序的断线重连的实现细节:TCP客户端connect断线重连
5、应用层自定义协议以及序列化和反序列化
这里是应用层自定义协议以及序列化和反序列化的实现细节:应用层自定义协议以及序列化和反序列化
里面还包含复杂的TCP网络程序:服务器网络计算器
OKOK,Linux网络编程之TCP就到这里,如果你对Linux和C++也感兴趣的话,可以看看我的主页哦。下面是我的github主页,里面记录了我的学习代码和leetcode的一些题的题解,有兴趣的可以看看。
Xpccccc的github主页