结构体

1、概念

结构体是一种一定义变量类型

它是数据和函数的集合，可以在结构体中声明各种变量和方法

作用：用来表现存在关系的数据集

2、基本语法

1、结构体一般写在namespace语句块中
2、结构体关键字structstruct 自定义{变量构造函数函数}

3、示例

//表现学生数据的结构体
struct Student{//结构体声明的变量不能直接初始化//Student s 不能包含自己的结构体public int age;bool sex;int number;string name;//在结构体中的方法不用staticpublic void Speak(){Console.WriteLine("我的名字是{0}，今年{1}岁",name,age);}
}

4、结构体的使用

Student student;
student.age;

5、访问修饰符

public	公共的
private 私有的 不写默认为private  

6、结构体的构造函数

1、没有返回值

2、函数名必须和结构体同名

3、必须有参数

4、如果声明了构造函数，必须在其中对所以变量数据初始化

public Student(int age, bool sex, int number, string name){//this.age 是上面结构体age，把传进来的参数赋值上去this.age = age;this.sex = sex;this.number = number;this. name = name;
}
Student s = new Student(18,true,2,"小王");

思考1 描述矩形信息

//使用结构体描述矩形信息，长宽；创建一个矩形信息
Rect rect = new(5, 4);
rect.Info();
struct Rect
{public float w;public float h;public float area;public float perimeter;public Rect(float wi, float hi){w = wi;h = hi;area = w * h;perimeter = 2 * (w + h);}public void Info(){Console.WriteLine("矩形的宽为{0}，高为{1}，面积为{2}，周长为{3}", w, h, area, perimeter);}
}

思考2 职业名字释放了技能

//使用结构体描述玩家信息，玩家名字，玩家职业
//请用户输入玩家姓名，选择玩家职业
while (true)
{Console.WriteLine("请输入姓名");string name = Console.ReadLine();Console.WriteLine("请输入职业(0战士，1猎人，2法师)");try{Occupation occupation = (Occupation)int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());PlayerInfo playerInfo = new PlayerInfo(name, occupation);playerInfo.Atk();}catch{Console.WriteLine("格式错误");}
}
struct PlayerInfo
{public string name;public Occupation occupation;public PlayerInfo(string name, Occupation occupation){this.name = name;this.occupation = occupation;}public void Atk(){string occ = "";string skill = "";switch (occupation){case Occupation.Warrior:occ = "战士";skill = "冲锋";break;case Occupation.Hunter:occ = "猎人";skill = "冲锋";break;case Occupation.Master:occ = "法师";skill = "奥数冲击";break;default:break;}Console.WriteLine("{0}{1}释放了{2}", occ, name, skill);}
}
enum Occupation
{Warrior,Hunter,Master,
}

思考3 小怪兽

Monster[] monsters = new Monster[10];for (int i = 0; i < monsters.Length; i++)
{
monsters[i] = new Monster("小怪兽" + i);
monsters[i].Atk();}
//小怪兽
struct Monster
{public string name;public int atk;public Monster(string name){this.name = name;Random random = new Random();atk = random.Next(10, 31);}public void Atk(){Console.WriteLine("{0}的攻击力是{1}", name, atk);}
}

思考4 多个小怪兽

Monster[] monsters = new Monster[10];for (int i = 0; i < monsters.Length; i++)
{
monsters[i] = new Monster("小怪兽" + i);
monsters[i].Atk();}
//小怪兽
struct Monster
{public string name;public int atk;public Monster(string name){this.name = name;Random random = new Random();atk = random.Next(10, 31);}public void Atk(){Console.WriteLine("{0}的攻击力是{1}", name, atk);}
}

思考5 奥特曼打小怪兽

//结构体描述奥特曼与小怪兽
//定义一个方法实现奥特曼攻击小怪兽
//定义一个方法实现小怪兽攻击奥特曼
OutMan outMan = new OutMan("迪迦奥特曼",10,5,100);
Boss boss = new Boss("小怪兽", 8, 2, 100);while (true)
{outMan.Atk(ref boss);if (boss.hp <= 0){Console.WriteLine("{0}胜利",outMan.name);break;}boss.Atk(ref outMan);if (outMan.hp <= 0){Console.WriteLine("{0}胜利",boss.name);break;}Console.WriteLine("按任意键继续");Console.ReadKey(true);
}
struct OutMan
{public string name;public int atk;public int def;public int hp;public OutMan(string name,int atk,int def,int hp){this.name = name;this.atk = atk;this.def = def;this.hp = hp;}//结构体是值类型 想要在函数内部改变值类型信息，外部受影响，用ref或outpublic void Atk(ref Boss monster){monster.hp -= this.atk - monster.def;Console.WriteLine("{0}攻击了{1}，造成了{2}点伤害，{3}剩余血量{4}",name,monster.name,atk - monster.def,monster.name,monster.hp);}
}
struct Boss
{public string name;public int atk;public int def;public int hp;public Boss(string name, int atk, int def, int hp){this.name = name;this.atk = atk;this.def = def;this.hp = hp;}public void Atk(ref OutMan outman){outman.hp -= this.atk - outman.def;Console.WriteLine("{0}攻击了{1}，造成了{2}点伤害，{3}剩余血量{4}", name, outman.name, atk - outman.def, outman.name, outman.hp);}
}