web 服务器接收到客户端的 http 请求

针对这个请求，分别创建一个代表请求的 HttpServletRequest 对象，代表响应的 HttpServletResponse 对象

获取客户端请求过来的参数：HttpServletRequest

给客户端响应一些信息：HttpServletResponse

下载文件：

1.获取下载文件的路径

2.下载的文件名

3.让浏览器支持下载

4.获取下载文件的输入流

5.创建缓冲区

6.获取 OutputStream 对象

7.将 FileOutputStream 流写入到 buffer 缓冲区

8.使用 OutputStream 将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端

pom.xml 导入 jar 包

    <dependency><groupId>javax.servlet</groupId><artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId><version>4.0.1</version><scope>provided</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId><artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId><version>2.3.3</version><scope>provided</scope></dependency>

 getRealPath 绝对路径，resources 放入需要下载的文件

substring 截取字符串

setHeader 文件头信息

resp.setHeader("Content-disposition","attachment;filename"+fileName);

new FileInputStream 输入流

new byte[1024]

getOutputStream 输出流

读数据、写数据

关闭流

web.xml 注册和映射：

    <servlet><servlet-name>down</servlet-name><servlet-class>com.demo.response.FileDown</servlet-class></servlet><servlet-mapping><servlet-name>down</servlet-name><url-pattern>/down</url-pattern></servlet-mapping>

（如果重新创建了 Module，Smart Tomcat 也要添加一个自己创建的路径）

代码如下：

package com.demo.response;import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;public class FileDown extends HttpServlet {@Overrideprotected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {//1.获取下载文件的路径//getRealPath 绝对路径String realPath = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/1.png");//String realPath = "D:\\IntelliJProject\\javaweb\\response\\target\\classes\\com\\1.png";//2.下载的文件名//substring 截取字符串  /需要转义，用\\，+1获取下一个String fileName = realPath.substring(realPath.lastIndexOf("\\")+1);//3.让浏览器支持下载//setHeader 文件头信息，固定写法resp.setHeader("Content-disposition","attachment;filename"+fileName);//URLEncoder.encode编码支持中文//resp.setHeader("Content-disposition","attachment;filename"+ URLEncoder.encode(fileName,"UTF-8"));//4.获取下载文件的输入流FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(realPath);//5.创建缓冲区int len = 0;byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];//6.获取 OutputStream 对象，输出流ServletOutputStream outputStream = resp.getOutputStream();//7.将 FileOutputStream 流写入到 buffer 缓冲区//8.使用 OutputStream 将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端while ((len = fileInputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){ //>0也行outputStream.write(buffer,1,len); //从1到len长度}//IO流后开先关outputStream.close();fileInputStream.close();}@Overrideprotected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {doGet(req, resp);}
}