ceph存储使用流程
- 一、ceph三种存储接口
- 二、文件系统存储
- 1、在ceph集群中部署MDS
- 2、创建存储池
- 3、创建文件系统存储
- 4、业务服务器挂载使用cephfs
- 4.1 将认证的令牌导出，拷贝到业务服务器
- 4.2 业务服务器挂载使用ceph
- 5、删除文件系统存储
- 5.1 业务服务器取消挂载
- 5.2 修改ceph.conf，添加允许删除的配置；同步配置文件
- 5.3 停掉所有集群节点的mds服务
- 5.4 删除文件系统
- 5.5 删除文件系统对应的存储池
- 三、块存储的使用
- 1、将ceph的配置同步到业务服务器
- 2、创建存储池、初始化
- 3、创建卷
- 4、映射块设备
- 5、使用ceph的块设备存储数据
- 6、扩容
- 7、缩容
- 8、删除块存储
- 四、对象存储
- 1、创建rgw服务
- 2、安装s3cmd测试工具
- 3、生成连接对象存储需要的AK、SK
- 4、创建.s3cfg配置文件，指定对象存储网关的连接信息
- 5、创建桶
- 6、测试文件上传、下载
一、ceph三种存储接口
文件系统存储 cephFS, 依赖于MDS
块存储 RBD
对象存储 RGW
二、文件系统存储
1、在ceph集群中部署MDS
[root@node01 ceph]# ceph-deploy mds create node01 node02 node03
[ceph_deploy.conf][DEBUG ] found configuration file at: /root/.cephdeploy.conf
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] Invoked (2.0.1): /usr/bin/ceph-deploy mds create node01 node02 node03
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] ceph-deploy options:
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] username : None
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] verbose : False
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] overwrite_conf : False
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] subcommand : create
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] quiet : False
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] cd_conf : <ceph_deploy.conf.cephdeploy.Conf instance at 0x7fc36a1277a0>
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] cluster : ceph
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] func : <function mds at 0x7fc36a16c050>
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] ceph_conf : None
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] mds : [('node01', 'node01'), ('node02', 'node02'), ('node03', 'node03')]
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] default_release : False
[ceph_deploy.mds][DEBUG ] Deploying mds, cluster ceph hosts node01:node01 node02:node02 node03:node03
[node01][DEBUG ] connected to host: node01
[node01][DEBUG ] detect platform information from remote host
[node01][DEBUG ] detect machine type
[ceph_deploy.mds][INFO ] Distro info: CentOS Linux 7.9.2009 Core
[ceph_deploy.mds][DEBUG ] remote host will use systemd
[ceph_deploy.mds][DEBUG ] deploying mds bootstrap to node01
[node01][DEBUG ] write cluster configuration to /etc/ceph/{cluster}.conf
[node01][WARNIN] mds keyring does not exist yet, creating one
[node01][DEBUG ] create a keyring file
[node01][DEBUG ] create path if it doesn't exist
[node01][INFO ] Running command: ceph --cluster ceph --name client.bootstrap-mds --keyring /var/lib/ceph/bootstrap-mds/ceph.keyring auth get-or-create mds.node01 osd allow rwx mds allow mon allow profile mds -o /var/lib/ceph/mds/ceph-node01/keyring
[node01][INFO ] Running command: systemctl enable ceph-mds@node01
[node01][WARNIN] Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/ceph-mds.target.wants/ceph-mds@node01.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/ceph-mds@.service.
[node01][INFO ] Running command: systemctl start ceph-mds@node01
[node01][INFO ] Running command: systemctl enable ceph.target
[node02][DEBUG ] connected to host: node02
[node02][DEBUG ] detect platform information from remote host
[node02][DEBUG ] detect machine type
[ceph_deploy.mds][INFO ] Distro info: CentOS Linux 7.9.2009 Core
[ceph_deploy.mds][DEBUG ] remote host will use systemd
[ceph_deploy.mds][DEBUG ] deploying mds bootstrap to node02
[node02][DEBUG ] write cluster configuration to /etc/ceph/{cluster}.conf
[node02][WARNIN] mds keyring does not exist yet, creating one
[node02][DEBUG ] create a keyring file
[node02][DEBUG ] create path if it doesn't exist
[node02][INFO ] Running command: ceph --cluster ceph --name client.bootstrap-mds --keyring /var/lib/ceph/bootstrap-mds/ceph.keyring auth get-or-create mds.node02 osd allow rwx mds allow mon allow profile mds -o /var/lib/ceph/mds/ceph-node02/keyring
[node02][INFO ] Running command: systemctl enable ceph-mds@node02
[node02][WARNIN] Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/ceph-mds.target.wants/ceph-mds@node02.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/ceph-mds@.service.
[node02][INFO ] Running command: systemctl start ceph-mds@node02
[node02][INFO ] Running command: systemctl enable ceph.target
[node03][DEBUG ] connected to host: node03
[node03][DEBUG ] detect platform information from remote host
[node03][DEBUG ] detect machine type
[ceph_deploy.mds][INFO ] Distro info: CentOS Linux 7.9.2009 Core
[ceph_deploy.mds][DEBUG ] remote host will use systemd
[ceph_deploy.mds][DEBUG ] deploying mds bootstrap to node03
[node03][DEBUG ] write cluster configuration to /etc/ceph/{cluster}.conf
[node03][WARNIN] mds keyring does not exist yet, creating one
[node03][DEBUG ] create a keyring file
[node03][DEBUG ] create path if it doesn't exist
[node03][INFO ] Running command: ceph --cluster ceph --name client.bootstrap-mds --keyring /var/lib/ceph/bootstrap-mds/ceph.keyring auth get-or-create mds.node03 osd allow rwx mds allow mon allow profile mds -o /var/lib/ceph/mds/ceph-node03/keyring
[node03][INFO ] Running command: systemctl enable ceph-mds@node03
[node03][WARNIN] Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/ceph-mds.target.wants/ceph-mds@node03.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/ceph-mds@.service.
[node03][INFO ] Running command: systemctl start ceph-mds@node03
[node03][INFO ] Running command: systemctl enable ceph.target
[root@node01 ceph]# netstat -tunlp | grep mds
tcp 0 0 192.168.140.10:6805 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2228/ceph-mds
2、创建存储池
[root@node01 ceph]# ceph osd pool create db_data 128 // 存储实际数据
pool 'db_data' created[root@node01 ceph]# ceph osd pool create db_metadata 64 // 存储元数据信息
pool 'db_metadata' created
[root@node01 ceph]#
[root@node01 ceph]# ceph -scluster:id: e2010562-0bae-4999-9247-4017f875acc8health: HEALTH_OKservices:mon: 3 daemons, quorum node01,node02,node03mgr: node01(active), standbys: node02, node03mds: mydata-1/1/1 up {0=node01=up:active}, 2 up:standbyosd: 3 osds: 3 up, 3 indata:pools: 2 pools, 192 pgsobjects: 22 objects, 2.5 KiBusage: 3.0 GiB used, 57 GiB / 60 GiB availpgs: 192 active+clean
[root@node01 ceph]# ceph osd pool ls
db_data
db_metadata
说明:
一个文件系统存储需要两个RADOS存储池，一个用于存储实体数据，一个用于存储元数据
上面分别创建两个存储池，名称为db_data, db_metadata
分别指定存储池对应的PG数量为128， 64
存储池对应PG数量参考
少于5个OSD则PG数为128
5-10个OSD则PG数为512
10-50个OSD则PG数为1024
如果有更多的OSD需要自己理解计算
PG计算公式
Total PGs = ((Total_number_of_OSD * 100) / max_replication_count) / pool_count
3、创建文件系统存储
[root@node01 ceph]# ceph fs new mydata db_metadata db_data
new fs with metadata pool 2 and data pool 1[root@node01 ceph]# ceph fs ls
name: mydata, metadata pool: db_metadata, data pools: [db_data ]
4、业务服务器挂载使用cephfs
ceph集群默认启用了cephx的认证，业务服务器要挂载使用ceph需要通过令牌认证
4.1 将认证的令牌导出，拷贝到业务服务器
[root@node01 ceph]# cat ceph.client.admin.keyring
[client.admin]key = AQBI5Gtm/aabIxAAc5MEuV05QyvjFNYhUJmnyA==caps mds = "allow *"caps mgr = "allow *"caps mon = "allow *"caps osd = "allow *"
[root@node01 ceph]# [root@node01 ceph]# ceph-authtool -p ceph.client.admin.keyring > /root/client.keyring
[root@node01 ceph]#
[root@node01 ceph]# scp /root/client.keyring root@192.168.140.13:/root/
client.keyring 100% 41 51.5KB/s 00:00
[root@node01 ceph]#
4.2 业务服务器挂载使用ceph
[root@app ~]# yum install -y ceph-fuse
[root@app ~]# mount -t ceph node01:6789:/ /test1 -o name=admin,secretfile=/opt/admin.key[root@app ~]# df -hT
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs devtmpfs 475M 0 475M 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 487M 7.6M 479M 2% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 18G 1.8G 16G 11% /
/dev/sda1 xfs 497M 161M 336M 33% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0
192.168.140.10:6789:/ ceph 18G 0 18G 0% /test1
5、删除文件系统存储
5.1 业务服务器取消挂载
5.2 修改ceph.conf，添加允许删除的配置；同步配置文件
[root@node01 ceph]# tail -n 1 ceph.conf
mon_allow_pool_delete = true[root@node01 ceph]# ceph-deploy --overwrite-conf admin node01 node02 node03[root@node01 ceph]# systemctl restart ceph-mon.target
5.3 停掉所有集群节点的mds服务
[root@node01 ceph]# systemctl stop ceph-mds.target
5.4 删除文件系统
[root@node01 ceph]# ceph fs ls
name: mydata, metadata pool: db_metadata, data pools: [db_data ][root@node01 ceph]# ceph fs rm mydata --yes-i-really-mean-it[root@node01 ceph]# ceph fs ls
No filesystems enabled
5.5 删除文件系统对应的存储池
[root@node01 ceph]# ceph osd pool ls
db_data
db_metadata
[root@node01 ceph]#
[root@node01 ceph]#
[root@node01 ceph]# ceph osd pool delete db_metadata db_metadata --yes-i-really-really-mean-it
pool 'db_metadata' removed
[root@node01 ceph]#
[root@node01 ceph]# ceph osd pool delete db_data db_data --yes-i-really-really-mean-it
pool 'db_data' removed
三、块存储的使用
1、将ceph的配置同步到业务服务器
[root@node01 ceph]# ceph-deploy admin app
[ceph_deploy.conf][DEBUG ] found configuration file at: /root/.cephdeploy.conf
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] Invoked (2.0.1): /usr/bin/ceph-deploy admin app
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] ceph-deploy options:
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] username : None
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] verbose : False
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] overwrite_conf : False
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] quiet : False
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] cd_conf : <ceph_deploy.conf.cephdeploy.Conf instance at 0x7f7567f307e8>
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] cluster : ceph
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] client : ['app']
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] func : <function admin at 0x7f7568c46320>
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] ceph_conf : None
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] default_release : False
[ceph_deploy.admin][DEBUG ] Pushing admin keys and conf to app
The authenticity of host 'app (192.168.140.13)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:bdjFNp2/Yyt+F2YvGN2prmrdzemgYD0YJ/CEFvGobN4.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:3b:db:a0:e6:76:03:16:8f:8b:d7:cb:1f:d0:65:77:f0.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'app' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
[app][DEBUG ] connected to host: app
[app][DEBUG ] detect platform information from remote host
[app][DEBUG ] detect machine type
[app][DEBUG ] write cluster configuration to /etc/ceph/{cluster}.conf
后续的操作均在业务服务器上执行
2、创建存储池、初始化
[root@app ~]# ceph osd pool create block_pool 128
pool 'block_pool' created
[root@app ~]#
[root@app ~]# rbd pool init block_pool
3、创建卷
[root@app ~]# rbd create db_volume --pool block_pool --size 5000
[root@app ~]#
[root@app ~]# rbd ls block_pool
db_volume
[root@app ~]#
4、映射块设备
[root@app ~]# rbd map block_pool/db_volume
rbd: sysfs write failed
RBD image feature set mismatch. You can disable features unsupported by the kernel with "rbd feature disable block_pool/db_volume object-map fast-diff deep-flatten".
In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try "dmesg | tail".
rbd: map failed: (6) No such device or address[root@app ~]# rbd feature disable block_pool/db_volume object-map fast-diff deep-flatten[root@app ~]# rbd map block_pool/db_volume
/dev/rbd0
[root@app ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 19.5G 0 part ├─centos-root 253:0 0 17.5G 0 lvm /└─centos-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sr0 11:0 1 9.5G 0 rom
rbd0 252:0 0 4.9G 0 disk
5、使用ceph的块设备存储数据
[root@app ~]# mkfs -t xfs /dev/rbd0[root@app ~]# mount /dev/rbd0 /test1/
[root@app ~]# df -hT | grep test1
/dev/rbd0 xfs 4.9G 33M 4.9G 1% /test1[root@app ~]# touch /test1/{1..10}
[root@app ~]# ls /test1/
1 10 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
6、扩容
[root@app ~]# rbd resize --size 8000 block_pool/db_volume
Resizing image: 100% complete...done.[root@app ~]# xfs_growfs /test1/[root@app ~]# df -hT | grep test1
/dev/rbd0 xfs 7.9G 33M 7.8G 1% /test1注意：xfs_growfs适用于xfs文件系统， ext4文件系统用resize2fs
7、缩容
必须处于卸载状态
xfs不支持直接缩容
[root@app ~]# mkdir /backup
[root@app ~]# cp -ra /test1/* /backup/
[root@app ~]#
[root@app ~]# umount /test1
[root@app ~]#
[root@app ~]# rbd resize --size 4000 block_pool/db_volume --allow-shrink
Resizing image: 100% complete...done.[root@app ~]# mkfs -t xfs -f /dev/rbd0[root@app ~]# mount /dev/rbd0 /test1/
[root@app ~]# cp -ra /backup/* /test1/
[root@app ~]# ls /test1/
1 10 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
8、删除块存储
[root@app ~]# umount /test1
[root@app ~]# rbd unmap /dev/rbd0
[root@app ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 19.5G 0 part ├─centos-root 253:0 0 17.5G 0 lvm /└─centos-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sr0 11:0 1 9.5G 0 rom [root@app ~]# ceph osd pool delete block_pool block_pool --yes-i-really-really-mean-it
pool 'block_pool' removed
四、对象存储
基于对象的存储， 每一个文件称为对象
每个文件存储后，对应惟一的下载地址
适用场景：非结构化数据(图片、视频、声频、动画)
对象存储依赖于rgw服务
1、创建rgw服务
[root@node01 ceph]# ceph-deploy rgw create node01
[ceph_deploy.conf][DEBUG ] found configuration file at: /root/.cephdeploy.conf
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] Invoked (2.0.1): /usr/bin/ceph-deploy rgw create node01
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] ceph-deploy options:
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] username : None
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] verbose : False
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] rgw : [('node01', 'rgw.node01')]
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] overwrite_conf : False
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] subcommand : create
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] quiet : False
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] cd_conf : <ceph_deploy.conf.cephdeploy.Conf instance at 0x7fa364d58fc8>
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] cluster : ceph
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] func : <function rgw at 0x7fa365a2d140>
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] ceph_conf : None
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] default_release : False
[ceph_deploy.rgw][DEBUG ] Deploying rgw, cluster ceph hosts node01:rgw.node01
[node01][DEBUG ] connected to host: node01
[node01][DEBUG ] detect platform information from remote host
[node01][DEBUG ] detect machine type
[ceph_deploy.rgw][INFO ] Distro info: CentOS Linux 7.9.2009 Core
[ceph_deploy.rgw][DEBUG ] remote host will use systemd
[ceph_deploy.rgw][DEBUG ] deploying rgw bootstrap to node01
[node01][DEBUG ] write cluster configuration to /etc/ceph/{cluster}.conf
[node01][WARNIN] rgw keyring does not exist yet, creating one
[node01][DEBUG ] create a keyring file
[node01][DEBUG ] create path recursively if it doesn't exist
[node01][INFO ] Running command: ceph --cluster ceph --name client.bootstrap-rgw --keyring /var/lib/ceph/bootstrap-rgw/ceph.keyring auth get-or-create client.rgw.node01 osd allow rwx mon allow rw -o /var/lib/ceph/radosgw/ceph-rgw.node01/keyring
[node01][INFO ] Running command: systemctl enable ceph-radosgw@rgw.node01
[node01][WARNIN] Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/ceph-radosgw.target.wants/ceph-radosgw@rgw.node01.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/ceph-radosgw@.service.
[node01][INFO ] Running command: systemctl start ceph-radosgw@rgw.node01
[node01][INFO ] Running command: systemctl enable ceph.target
[ceph_deploy.rgw][INFO ] The Ceph Object Gateway (RGW) is now running on host node01 and default port 7480
[root@node01 ceph]# ceph -scluster:id: e2010562-0bae-4999-9247-4017f875acc8health: HEALTH_OKservices:mon: 3 daemons, quorum node01,node02,node03mgr: node01(active), standbys: node02, node03osd: 3 osds: 3 up, 3 inrgw: 1 daemon activedata:pools: 4 pools, 32 pgsobjects: 187 objects, 1.1 KiBusage: 3.0 GiB used, 57 GiB / 60 GiB availpgs: 32 active+clean[root@node01 ceph]# netstat -tunlp | grep 7480
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:7480 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 7409/radosgw
在客户端上测试对象存储的使用
2、安装s3cmd测试工具
[root@app ~]# yum install -y s3cmd
3、生成连接对象存储需要的AK、SK
[root@app ~]# radosgw-admin user create --uid="testuser" --display-name="first user" | grep -E "access_key|secret_key"
4、创建.s3cfg配置文件，指定对象存储网关的连接信息
[root@app ~]# cat .s3cfg
[default]
access_key = AOFSKMEGLZKG8CY9B0NH
secret_key = VIQjjaxvdYHrYQv7Qv5QAI0z81cNf0oQCdi7EFxS
host_base = 192.168.140.10:7480
host_bucket = 192.168.140.10:7480/%(bucket)
cloudfront_host = 192.168.140.10:7480
use_https = False
5、创建桶
[root@app ~]# s3cmd mb s3://test
Bucket 's3://test/' created
[root@app ~]#
[root@app ~]# s3cmd ls
2024-06-17 07:42 s3://test
6、测试文件上传、下载
[root@app ~]# s3cmd put /etc/fstab s3://test/fstab
upload: '/etc/fstab' -> 's3://test/fstab' [1 of 1]466 of 466 100% in 1s 360.49 B/s done
[root@app ~]# s3cmd get s3://test/fstab
download: 's3://test/fstab' -> './fstab' [1 of 1]466 of 466 100% in 0s 11.24 KB/s done
)
